• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.2741-2761
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• 2017

With the purpose of copyright protection for digital video, a novel H.264/AVC watermarking algorithm based on JND model is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of human visual system, a new and more accurate JND model is proposed to determine watermark embedding strength by considering the luminance masking, contrast masking and spatial frequency sensitivity function. Secondly, a new embedding strategy for H.264/AVC watermarking is proposed based on an analysis on the drift error of energy distribution. We argue that more robustness can be achieved if watermarks are embedded in middle and high components of $4{\times}4$ integer DCT since these components are more stable than dc and low components when drift error occurs. Finally, according to different characteristics of middle and high components, the watermarks are embedded using different algorithms, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed watermarking algorithm not only meets the imperceptibility and robustness requirements, but also has a high embedding capacity.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.497-502
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• 2003

Content-based video copy detection is a complementary approach to watermarking. As opposed to watermarking, which relies on inserting a distinct pattern into the video stream, video copy detection techniques match content-based signatures to detect copies of video. Existing typical content-based copy detection schemes have relied on image matching which is based on key frame detection. This paper proposes a motion directional histogram, which is quantized and accumulated the direction of motion, for video copy detection. The video clip is represented by a motion directional histogram as a 1-dimensional graph. This method is suitable for real time indexing and counting the TV CF verification that is high motion video clips.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

Video contents in the mobile environment are processed with the low bit-rate relative to normal video contents due to the consideration of network traffic; hence, it is necessary to protect the copyright of the low bit-rate video contents. The algorithm for watermarking appropriate for the mobile environment should be developed because the performance of the mobile devices is much lower than that of personal computers. This paper suggested the invisible spread spectrum watermarking method to the low bit-rate video contents, considering the low performance of the mobile device in the M-Commerce environment; it also enables to track down illegal users of the video contents to protect the copyright. The robustness of the contents with watermark is expressed with the correlation of extraction algorithm from watermark removed or distorted contents. The results of our experiment showed that we could extract the innate frequencies of M-Sequence when we extracted M-Sequence after compressing the contents with watermark easily. Therefore, illegal users of the contents can be tracked down because watermark can be extracted from the low bit-rate video contents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2002

This paper proposes a new approach for digital watermarking and secure copyright protection of video. the principal aim being to discourage illicit copying and distribution of copyrighted material. The method presented here is based on the three dimensional discrete wavelet transform of video scene. The watermark is a copyright information encoded in the form of a spread spectrum signal to ensure the system security and is embedded in the 3D DWT magnitude of video chunks. The performance of the presented technique is evaluated experimentally.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06d
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• pp.93-96
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• 2002

This paper presents robust and efficient scene-based video watermarking method using visual rhythm (spatio-temporal slice) in compressed domain. Scene change can be detected easily using visual rhythm and video sequences are conveniently edited at the scene boundaries. Therefore, scene-based watermark embedding Process it a natural choice. Temporal spread spectrum can be achieved by applying spread spectrum methods to visual rhythm. Additive Gaussian noise, low-pass filtering, median filtering and histogram equalization attack are simulated for all frames. Frame sub-sampling is also simulated as a typical video attack Simulation results show that proposed algorithm is robust and efficient in the presence of such kind of attacks.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2005

High-quality digital broadcasting contents are susceptible to illegal copy and unauthorized redistribution, which makes broadcasters difficult to protect valuable media assets. So, broadcasters and content providers need the technology for copyright protection of professional digital content. Digital watermarking technology is one of the most actively developed solutions for the copyright protection. This paper suggests the requirements of watermarking technology in DTV(Digital TV) environment for copyright protection and shows the developed real-time watermark embedding/detecting system for HD(High Definition)/SD(Standard Definition) video and experimental results of the system against watermark attack tests. Our watermarking system meets the watermarking requirements of invisibility, robustness and security of DTV environment.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.794-799
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• 2008

This paper presents a user identification method at H.264 streaming using watermarking with fingerprints. The watermark can efficiently reduce the potential danger of forgery or alteration. Especially a biometric watermark has convenient, economical advantages. The fingerprint watermark can also improve reliability of verification using automated fingerprint identification systems. These algorithms, however, are not robust against common video compression. To overcome this problem, we analyze H.264 compression pattern and extract watermark after restoring damaged watermark using various filters. The proposed algorithm consists of enhancement of a fingerprint image, watermark insertion using discrete wavelet transform and extraction after restoring. The proposed algorithm can achieve robust watermark extraction against H.264 compressed videos.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.370-372
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• 2009

인터넷을 통한 멀티미디어의 유통이 광범위하게 이루어지면서 저작권 보호에 대한 요구가 점점 높아지고 있다. 디지털 워터마키을 저작권보호를 위한 DRM의 수단으로 사용하는 시도도 있어왔다. 특히, 비디오 매체에 대한 워터마킹이 현실적으로 가장 효과적이고 현실적이다. MPEG 압축 비디오를 이용하는 방송환경의 워터마킹 기술은 많은 연구가 되어지고 있지만 실제 STB(Set Top Box)에서 동작하는 워터마킹 기술은 아직 일반적이지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 서버(방송국) 및 클라이언트(STB)에서 제공자와 이용자의 정보를 각각 삽입하는 다중 워터마킹 구조를 제안한다. STB에서는 비디오 스트림 수신 후 제공자의 정보(서버 워터마크)를 검출 및 확인 후 인증 시 비디오카드를 통하여 모니터 및 장치들로 비디오신호를 전송하게 된다. 이때 STB의 정보를 포함한 클라이언트 비디오 워터마크를 삽입함으로서 2차적 저작권보호를 시도하게 된다. 이러한 기술은 IPTV 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 멀티미디어의 불법 사용에 대한 저작권보호의 수단으로 사용하는 것이 가능하다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a forensic watermarking scheme using temporal differences of video chrominance values. Proposed method has low complexity and good visual quality, which is suitable for traitor tracing of digital cinema. Experimental results show that our forensic watermarking method has good detection performance and is robust to several attacks, such as camcorder recording and video compression.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 2003

Video copy detection is a complementary approach to watermarking. As opposed to watermarking, which relies on inserting a distinct pattern into the video stream, video copy detection techniques match content-based signatures to detect copies of video. Existing typical content-based copy detection schemes have relied on image matching. This paper proposes two new sequence matching techniques for copy detection and compares the performance with color techniques that is the existing techniques. Motion, intensity and color-based signatures are compared in the context of copy detection. Comparison of experimental results are reported on detecting copies of movie clips.