• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.323-325
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• 2011

Purpose: Breast implant ruptures and displacement are problematic complications after augmentation mammoplasty. The authors report a patient whose cohesive silicone gel implant ruptured and migrated into the pleural cavity after augmentation mammoplasty. Methods: A 23-year-old female had received augmentation mammoplasty at a local clinic a week before visiting our hospital. When the patient's doctor performed a breast massage on the sixth postoperative day, the left breast became flattened. The doctor suspected a breast implant rupture and performed revision surgery. The implant, however, was not found in the submuscular pocket and no definite chest wall defect was found in the operative field. The doctor suspected implant migration into the pleural cavity, and after inserting a new breast implant, the doctor referred the patient to our hospital for further evaluation. The patient's vital signs were stable and she showed no specific symptoms except mild, intermittent pain in the left chest. A CT scan revealed the ruptured implant in the left pleural cavity and passive atelectasis. Results: The intrapleurally migrated ruptured implant was removed by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). There were no adhesions but there was mild inflammation of the pleura. No definite laceration of the pleura was found. The patient was discharged on the first day after the operation without any complications. Conclusion: Surgeons should be aware that breast implants can rupture anytime and the injury to the chest wall, which may displace the breast implant into the pleural cavity, can happen during submuscular pocket dissection and implant insertion.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.248-258
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• 2017

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Thuja orientalis L., diffuse-porous wood Gmelina arborea Roxb., and ring-porous wood Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Longitudinal flow was considered from bottom to top while the radial flow was considered from bark to pith directions. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents(MC). The variation of penetration speed for different species was observed and the reasons behind for this variation were explored. The highest radial penetration depth was found in ray parenchyma of T. orientalis but the lowest one was found in ray parenchyma of P. amurense. The average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal trachied of T. orientalis was found the highest among all the other cells. The penetration depth in fiber of G. arborea was found the lowest among the other longitudinal cells. It was found that cell dimension and also meniscus angle of safranine solution with cell walls were the prime factors for the variation of liquid flow speed in wood. Vessel was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration for hardwood species. The penetration depth in vessel of G. arborea was found highest among all vessels. Anatomical features like ray parenchyma cell length and diameter, end-wall pits number were found also responsible fluid flow differences. Initially liquid penetration speed was high and the nit gradually decreased in an uneven rate. Liquid flow was captured via video and the penetration depths in those cells were measured. It was found that even in presence of abundant rays in hardwood species, penetration depth of liquid in radial direction of softwood species was found high. Herein the ray length, lumen area, end wall pit diameter determined the radial permeability. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Following a go-stop-go cycle, the penetration speed of a liquid decreased over time.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.440-445
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• 2008

The failure mechanism and failure morphology of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) tubing under hydrostatic pressure were investigated. Microscopic observations using video microscope and scanning electron microscope indicate that the failure mode is a brittle fracture including cracks propagated from inner wall to outer wall. In addition, oxidation induction time and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show the presence of exothermic peak and the increase in carbonyl index on the surface of fractured LLDPE tubing, due to thermal-degradation. An accelerated life test methodology and testing system for LLDPE tubing are developed using the relationship between stresses and life characteristics by means of thermal acceleration. Statistical approaches using the Arrhenius model and Weibull distribution are implemented to estimate the long-term life time of LLDPE tubing under hydrostatic pressure. Consequently, the long-term life time of LLDPE tubing at the operating temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ could be predicted and also be analyzed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.656-662
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• 2006

The effects of concave hemispherical surface with inclined angle on the local heat transfer from a turbulent round jet impinging were experimentally investigated using transient liquid crystal method. This method suddenly exposes a preheated wall to an impinging jet and then the video system records the response of liquid crystals for the measurement of the surface temperature. The Reynolds numbers were used 11000, 23000 and 50000, nozzle-to-surface distance ratio from 2 to 10 and the surface angles $\alpha=0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}\;and\;40^{\circ}$. Correlations of the stagnation point Nusselt number according to Reynolds number, jet-to-surface distance ratio and dimensionless surface angle are investigated. In the stagnation point, in term of $Re^n$, n ranges from 0.43 in case of $2{\leq}L/d\leq6$ to 0.45 in case of $6. The maximum Nusselt number occurs in the direction of upstream. The displacement of the maximum Nusselt number from the stagnation point increases with increasing surface angle or decreasing nozzle-to-surface distance. The maximum displacement is about 0.7 times of the jet nozzle diameter.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.282-292
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• 2007

The present paper describes the results of high speed photography, acoustic emission (AE) detection and plasma light emission (LE) measurement during $CO_2$ laser welding of 304 stainless steel in different processing conditions. Video images with high spatial and temporal resolution allowed to observe the melt dynamics and keyhole evolution. The existence of keyhole was confirmed by the slag motion on the weld pool. The characteristic frequencies of flow instability and keyhole fluctuations at different welding speed were measured and compared with the results of Fourier analyses of temporal AE and LE spectra. The experimental results were compared with the newly developed numerical model of keyhole dynamics. The model is based on the assumption that the propagation of front part of keyhole into material is due to the melt ejection driven by laser induced surface evaporation. The calculations predict that a high speed melt flow is induced at the front part of keyhole when the sample travel speed exceeds several 10 mm/s. The numerical analysis also shows the hump formation on the front keyhole wall surface. Experimentally observed melt behavior and transformation of the AE and LE spectra with variation of welding speed are qualitatively in good agreement with the model predictions.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• 제3호
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• pp.91-99
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the long term effect of a pleasantly designed interior on pro-saptial behavior. For pleasantly designed interior, the existing interior was remodeled through the change of finishing materials for major architectural elements such as wall, floor and ceiling, and changes of furniture and it's arrangement . Pro-spatial behavior was operationalized as seat arranging behavior and measured through the arranged condition and observable arranging behavior. Time-series design, one of quasi-experimental design was used. The data in this study were extracted from an existing field experimental research. Five hundred survey video tapes record during 2 years period were used. In conclusion, the pleasantly designed environment has a long term effect on the pro-spatial behavior change . While self-centered pro-spatial was improved continuously and even reinforced , altruistic pro-spatial behavior was improved but diminished as time passed. There were no differences in the effect between male and female children. The result of the research provide scientific background of an answer to why Interior Design.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2003

Droplet evaporation can be used to transfer large amounts of energy since heat is transferred across a thin liquid film. Spreading the drop over a larger area can enhance this heat transfer. One method of accomplishing this is to dissolve gas into the liquid. When the drop strikes the surface, a gas bubble nucleates and can grow and merge within the liquid, resulting in an increase in the droplet diameter. In this study, time and space resolved heat transfer characteristics for a single droplet striking a heated surface were experimentally investigated. The local wall heat flux and temperature measurements were provided by a novel experimental technique in which 96 individually controlled heaters were used to map the heat transfer coefficient contour on the surface. A high-speed digital video camera was used to simultaneously record images of the drop from below. The measurements to date indicate that significantly smaller droplet evaporation times can be achieved. The splat diameter was observed to increase with time just after the initial transient dies out due to the growth of the bubble, in contrast to a monotonically decreasing splat diameter for the case of no bubbles. Bursting of the bubble corresponded to a sudden decrease in droplet heat transfer.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.397-400
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• 2002

Vapor explosion is one of the most important problems encountered in severe accident management of nuclear power plants. In spite of many efforts, a lot of questions still remain. So, KAERI launched a real experimental program called TROI using $UO_{2}$ and $ZrO_{2}$ to investigate the vapor explosion. Besides TROI tests, a small-scale experiment with molten-tin/water system was performed to quantify the characteristics of vapor explosion and to understand the phenomenology of vapor explosion. A vapor explosion was observed while the amount of air bubble and water temperature were systematically varied The mass and temperature of tin are $50\;g\;and\;150^{\circ}C$, respectively. Water temperature is set to $24^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}C$. The void fraction of air bubble ranges from $0\;to\;10\;{\%}$. The strength of vapor explosion was measured using dynamic pressure sensors attached in reactor tube wall. as a function of void fraction. In addition, a high speed video filming up to 1,000 flame/sec was taken in order to visually investigate the behavior of the vapor explosion .

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.328-331
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• 2010

Extrapleural hematoma results from blood accumulating between the parietal pleura and the endothoracic fascia, whereas hemothorax shows pooling in the pleural space. Extrapleural hematoma results from an intact parietal pleura that blocks blood from escaping the pleural cavity. Extrapleural fat, a fat layer outside the pleura in the chest wall between the parietal pleura and the endothoracic fascia, is pathognomonic on computed tomography. We diagnosed traumatic extrapleural hematoma and treated it with video-assisted thoracic surgery. We report here on this case along with a review of the literature.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2004

This study is intended to understand flame behavior of the pool fire. Liquid fuels were acetone, methanol, hexane and heptane which are used in many industries. Diameter of vessel was varied from 50 mm to 400 mm and the vessel was made by stainless steel and copper. Combustion time, temperature of vessel wall and heat flux of flame were measured, and flame behavior was visualized with video camera. Based on the experiment, it was found that the burning velocity and flame height was increased according to increase of vessel diameter, and vortex shedding frequency was inverse proportion to vessel diameter. And the characteristics of pool fire were affected by physical and chemical properties of liquid fuel and the vessel materials.