• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

가상 현실 공간에서 head-mounted display(HMD)를 통한 실감형 미디어를 제공하기 위해서는 초고화질 및 초고해상도의 전방위 360도 영상 전송이 필요하고, 이는 높은 대역폭 및 연산량을 요구한다. 이를 극복하기 위해 360도 영상에 대한 타일 기반 분할 기법을 사용하여 사용자 시점 기반 선택적 스트리밍 기법이 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문은 16K 초고화질 360도 영상 및 종래에 널리 쓰이는 4K 360도 영상에서의 사용자 시점 기반 타일 스트리밍 기법의 성능 평가를 소개한다. 16K 초고화질 360도 영상에 타일 스트리밍 기법을 적용하였을 때, 영상 전체 부호화 및 전송 방법 대비 42.47%의 bjotegaard delta rate(BD-rate) 절감을 확인하였고, 4K 360도 영상 타일 스트리밍 시 26.41%의 BD-rate 절감이 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 타일 스트리밍이 초고해상도 영상에 더 효율적임을 확인하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2021

뉴 미디어의 발전으로 인해 사람들의 정보 습득 방식에 커다란 변화가 생기고 있다. 글이나 사진보다 콘텐츠 내용을 더 입체적인 전달할 수 있는 영상콘텐츠 활용이 그 변화다. 2016년 이후 실시간 라이브 방송 콘텐츠는 제공자와 사용자 모두 증가하는 추세이다. 본 논문은 Youtube Live 또는 DouyuTV를 플렛폼으로 하는 개인의 실시간 라이브 방송 콘텐츠를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 개인의 실시간 라이브 방송 사례에 수록된 디지털화된 정보 내용의 특징 또는 필요성을 분석하였다. 2020년에 코로나19로 인한 온라인 생활의 변화는 실시간 라이브 방송을 더 다양한 분야로 확대될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 디지털 첨단기술을 용합한 실시간 라이브 방송은 내용적인 측면 뿐만 아니라 영상콘텐츠를 소비하는 대중들의 영상 소비 문화에도 다양성을 제공하여 더 많은 사회적 가치를 만들 것으로 예측된다. 그러므로 향후 실시간 라이브 방송콘텐츠의 사회적 책임에 관한 심도 있는 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1073-1080
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• 2020

360-degree video streaming technologies have been widely developed to provide immersive virtual reality (VR) experiences. However, high computational power and bandwidth are required to transmit and render high-quality 360-degree video through a head-mounted display (HMD). One way to overcome this problem is by transmitting high-quality viewport areas. This paper therefore proposes a motion-constrained tile set (MCTS)-based tile extractor for versatile video coding (VVC). The proposed extractor extracts high-quality viewport tiles, which are simulcasted with low-quality whole video to respond to unexpected movements by the user. The experimental results demonstrate a savings of 24.81% in the bjøntegaard delta rate (BD-rate) saving for the luma peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) compared to the rate obtained using a VVC anchor without tiled streaming.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제12A권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 인터넷 상의 분산 비디오 스트리밍 서비스에서 저장된 가변 비트율 비디오의 전송에 대해 고려한다. 스트리밍 서비스에서 전송 중에 대역폭 재조정 프로토콜에 따라 대역폭 할당이 줄게 되면 흔히 재생의 끊김 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복할 수 있는 가변 비트율 비디오에 대한 전송 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법에서는 저장된 가변 비트율 비디오에 대한 사전 정보를 사용하여 재생이 끊김없이 이루어질 수 있도록 전송한다. 또한 제안된 전송 기법 하에서의 수용 제어를 위해 버퍼-대역폭 관계를 근사적으로 계산할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.308-324
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• 2018

HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) is a promising technology for delivering video content over the Internet. HAS-based video streaming solutions rely on bandwidth estimation to select the appropriate video bitrate. Video streaming solutions that consider network conditions provide users with seamless video playback. However, when multiple clients compete for a common bottleneck link, conventional bandwidth estimation schemes that consider only one client overestimate the network bandwidth due to the ON-OFF traffic pattern. The bandwidth overestimation can cause Quality of Experience (QoE) degradation, such as unnecessary changes in video quality, and unfairness of video quality. In this paper, we propose a client-side bandwidth estimation scheme to obtain a better QoE of HAS in the multiple-client environment. The proposed scheme differentiates the client buffer status according to the buffer occupancy, and then estimates the available network bandwidth based on the buffer status and segment throughput. We evaluate the performance of HAS implemented in the ns-3 network simulator. Simulation results show that compared with the conventional schemes, the proposed scheme can enhance the QoE.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.4585-4603
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• 2015

Video streaming services make up a large proportion of Internet traffic on both fixed and mobile access throughout the world. Adaptive streaming allows for dynamical adaptation of the bitrate with varying network conditions, to guarantee the best user experience. Adaptive bitrate algorithms face a significant challenge in correctly estimating the throughput as it varies widely over time. In this paper, we first evaluate the throughput estimation techniques and show that the method that we have used offers stable response to throughput fluctuations while maintaining a stable playback buffer. Then, we propose an adaptive bitrate scheme that intelligently selects the video bitrates based on the estimated throughput and buffer occupancy. We show that the proposed scheme improves viewing experience by achieving a high video rate without taking unnecessary risks and by minimizing the frequency of changes in the video quality. Furthermore, we show that it offers a stable response to short-term fluctuations and responds swiftly to large fluctuations. We evaluate our algorithm for both constant bitrate (CBR) and variable bitrate (VBR) video content by taking into account the segment sizes and show that it significantly improves the quality of video streaming.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.3775-3788
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• 2014

With the increasing number of the wireless and mobile networks, the way that people use the Internet has changed substantively. Wireless multimedia services, such as wireless video streaming, mobile video game, and mobile voice over IP, will become the main applications of the future wireless Internet. To accommodate the growing volume of wireless data traffic and multimedia services, cognitive radio (CR) and Information-Centric Network (ICN) have been proposed to maximize the utilization of wireless spectrum and improve the network performance. Although CR and ICN have high potential significance for the future wireless Internet, few studies have been conducted on collaborative operations of CR and ICN. Due to the lack of infrastructure support in multi-hop ad hoc CR networks, the problem is more challenging for video streaming services. In this paper, we propose a Cross-layer Video Streaming Mechanism (CLISM) for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Information Centric Networks (CRAH-ICNs). The CLISM included two distributed schemes which are designed for the forwarding nodes and receiving nodes in CRAH-ICNs. With the cross-layer approach, the CLISM is able to self-adapt the variation of the link conditions without the central network controller. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CLISM efficiently adjust video transmission policy under various network conditions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.784-799
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• 2013

This paper presents an adaptive rate control scheme for streaming-based content sharing service. This scheme delivers multimedia contents from a user device to another device or seamlessly redirects streaming service across heterogeneous user devices. In the proposed scheme, a streaming server adjusts video quality level according to the network and client status. Our scheme is different from other rate control schemes, because the video quality at the server is decided not only based on the available bandwidth, but also based on the device characteristics and bandwidth requirement at the access network. We also propose a bandwidth estimation method to achieve more equitable bandwidth allocations among streaming flows competing for the same narrow link with different Round Trip Times (RTTs). Through the simulation, we prove that our scheme improves the network stability and the quality of streaming service by appropriately adjusting the quality of the video stream. The simulation results also demonstrate the ability of the proposed scheme in ensuring RTT-fairness while remaining throughput efficient.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2014

In the near future, traditional narrow and fixed viewpoint video services will be replaced by high-quality panorama video services. This paper proposes a visual-attention-aware progressive region of interest (RoI) trick mode streaming service (VA-PRTS) that prioritizes video data to transmit according to the visual attention and transmits prioritized video data progressively. VA-PRTS enables the receiver to speed up the time to display without degrading the perceptual quality. For the proposed VA-PRTS, this paper defines a cutoff visual attention metric algorithm to determine the quality of the encoded video slice based on the capability of visual attention and the progressive streaming method based on the priority of RoI video data. Compared to conventional methods, VA-PRTS increases the bitrate saving by over 57% and decreases the interactive delay by over 66%, while maintaining a level of perceptual video quality. The experiment results show that the proposed VA-PRTS improves the quality of the viewer experience for interactive panoramic video streaming services. The development results show that the VA-PRTS has highly practical real-field feasibility.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.352-354
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• 2005

As further Studies on 4th generation mobile telecommunication are progressed, the importance of a Cross-Layer is being increased. However, it has focused on coordination model only between MAC layer and PHY layer. It is necessary to expand into II' layer and upper layers. In this paper, we introduce a Cross-layer optimization which can be used to transmit video data with effect by managing resources among layers. It can gives further more adaptive method to solve QoS model problem than single layer.