• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권9호
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• pp.1219-1228
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• 1995

In this paper, we propose a dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for the transmission of VBR video source through ATM based BISDN. In order to efficiently evaluate the required bandwidth, the characteristics of the VBR video sources generated by the MPEG coder are analyzed with variations in the number of GOP and quantizer scale. The required bandwidth for VBR video source is estimated by a prediction algorithm using scene and frame correlations as well as the statistical properties of the VBR video source. Scene correlation represents a strong correlation among the adjacent slices in a frame, and frame correlation represents a strong correlation among the frames. The statistical properties based on the traffic parameters of video sources such as peak rate, average rate, and standard deviation of source are determined through simulation. The performance of the proposed bandwidth allocation scheme is evaluated in terms of the over-allocated bandwidth, bandwidth utilization, and cell loss rate with variations in the quantizer scale and the number of GOP. It is shown that the results of simulation based on the proposed scheme are superior to those of the conventional methods.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed the real time video image obtained from the video monitoring system to grasp the shoreline, beach width, and area change of Haeundae beach. The video monitoring techniques enabled continuous monitoring for a long period at a much lower cost than general survey methods. It was possible to grasp quantitative beach variation characteristics of Haeundae beach through image acquisition, rectification, and image processing of video images. According to the monitoring results, the erosion rate of Haeundae beach in spring and summer was -19.8% in 2014 and -6.7% in 2015. The erosion rate in 2016 was -6.4%, which showed that the erosion rate in spring and summer continued to decrease. In particular, the influence of the erosion at the time of typhoon CHABA was revealed to be smaller than in the past. It can be concluded that these variations were due to beach width expansion by beach nourishment and the installation of submerged breakwaters.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.4519-4533
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• 2015

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) adaptive streaming has become a new trend in video delivery. An HTTP adaptive streaming client needs to effectively estimate resource availability and demand. However, due to the bitrate of the video encoded in variable bitrate (VBR) mode, a bitrate mismatch problem occurs. With the rising demand for mobile devices, the likelihood of cases where two or more HTTP adaptive streaming clients share the same network bottleneck and competing for available bandwidth will increase. These mismatch and competition issues lead to network congestion, which adversely affects the Quality of Experience (QoE). To solve these problem, we propose a video rate adaptation scheme for the HTTP video streaming to guarantee and optimize the QoE. The proposed scheme estimates the available bandwidth according to the bitrate of each segment and also schedules the segment request time to expedite the response to the bandwidth variation. We used a multi-client simulation to prove that our scheme can effectively cope with drastic changes in the connection throughput and video bitrate.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.3856-3872
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• 2018

HTTP-based adaptive streaming (HAS) has recently been widely deployed on the Internet. In the HAS system, a video content is encoded at multiple bitrates and the encoded video content is segmented into small parts of fixed durations. The HAS client requests a video segment and stores it in the playout buffer. The rate adaptation algorithm employed in HAS clients dynamically determines the video bitrate depending on the time-varying bandwidth. Many studies have shown that an efficient rate adaptation algorithm is critical to ensuring quality-of-experience in HAS systems. However, existing algorithms have problems estimating the network bandwidth because bandwidth estimation is performed on the client-side application stack. Without the help of transport layer protocols, it is difficult to achieve accurate bandwidth estimation due to the inherent segment-based transmission of the HAS. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach that utilizes the playout buffer occupancy rather than using bandwidth estimates obtained from the application layer. We start with a queueing analysis of the playout buffer. Then, we present a buffer-aware rate adaptation algorithm that is solely based on the mean buffer occupancy. Our simulation results show that compared to conventional algorithms, the proposed algorithm achieves very smooth video quality while delivering a similar average video bitrate.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.341-354
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• 2005

The adaptation of video according to the heterogeneous and dynamic resource constraints on networks and devices, as well as on user preferences, is a promising approach for universal access and consumption of video content. For optimal adaptation that satisfies the constraints while maximizing the utility that results from the adapted video, it is necessary to devise a systematic way of selecting an appropriate adaptation operation among multiple feasible choices. This paper presents a general conceptual framework that allows the formulation of various adaptations as constrained optimization problems by modeling the relations among feasible adaptation operations, constraints, and utilities. In particular, we present the feasibility of the framework by applying it to a use case of rate adaptation of MPEG-4 video with an explicit modeling of adaptation employing a combination of frame dropping and discrete cosine transform coefficient dropping, constraint, utility, and their mapping relations. Furthermore, we provide a description tool that describes the adaptation-constraint-utility relations as a functional form referred to as a utility function, which has been accepted as a part of the terminal and network quality of service tool in MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA).

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

비디오 데이터베이스에서 복사본의 위치를 검출하기 위해서는 비디오의 특징(signature)이 비디오의 재편집(reediting), 채널 잡음, 시간적인 프레임 율(frame rate) 변화에 강한 특성을 지녀야 한다. 여러 가지 시그네쳐중 하나인 오디널(ordinal) 시그네쳐는 평균 명암도 값을 구하는 고정 윈도우(fixed window) $N{\times}N$의 크기에 따라 프레임의 공간적인 특징을 나타내기 어렵다. 본 논문은 인터넷상에서 이미 배포된 비디오, 위조된 비디오의 검출을 위해 키 프레임으로 정합하지 않고 연속적인 비디오 프레임에서 공간의 변화특성인 기존의 오디널을 개선한 변형된 robust 오디널 특징을 제안하였다. Robust 오디널은 2차원 벡터 구조를 가지고 있어 비디오의 잡음과 프레임 율의 변화에 강한 특성을 가지고 있으며, 검색공간인 R-트리 공간에서 MBR 형태로 표현될 수 있다. 또한 비디오 복사 검출에 필수적인 대용량 데이터베이스 검색에 적합한 R-트리 구조를 이용하여 정확히 정합되는 프레임의 위치를 찾아내고, n차원 입력의 구조를 가지고 있는 R-트리의 입력으로 robust 오디널 특징이 적합하게 사용되었다. 실험결과 비디오 정합율이 향상되고 대용량 데이터베이스에 알맞은 특징을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.560-574
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• 2010

3G 통신 기술의 상용화로 모바일 단말기 상에서 영상통화 서비스가 활발히 제공되고 있다. 하지만, 단말기 상에서 비디오 시스템은 안정성과 성능 면에서 사용자들의 요구를 충족시키지 못하고 있으며, 이 때문에 영상통화 서비스에 대한 사용자들의 불만이 증가하는 것이 현 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 제한된 모바일 영상통화 환경에서 향상된 품질의 영상통화 서비스를 제공하기 위한 비디오 압축 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 매 프레임마다 중요 객체와 비중요 객체를 분리하며, 분리된 객체는 다른 비트율과 화질을 갖도록 각 객체에 적합한 변환 커널을 적용하여 부호화 절차를 달리한다. 중요 객체는 고화질을 가지도록 부호화하며, 비중요 객체에 대해서는 저화질을 가지도록 부호화함으로써 제한된 대역폭 내에서 중요 객체에 대한 화질을 보장하도록 한다. 실험 결과에서 동일 비트율에서 제안한 방법이 기존 방법보다 중요객체 영역에 대한 화질이 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.327-330
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed that technique for reducing trailing artifact in MPEG-4 video. low bit-rate video is occured trailng artifact which remain part of moving object. Because MEMC doesn't work well in the degraded video. The proposed trailing artifact reduction approach has at its core three main steps. First step is to detect trailing artifact. Second step is applied intra block coding to remove trailing artifact. Finally, bit-rate control algorithm is used. Experimental result using an MPEG-4 based encoder indicate that the proposed method has overhead(bits) of about 2 percent and proposed method effective reduce or eliminate trailing artifact

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2005

Multimedia applications and especially encoded video services, are expected to playa major role in the 3rd generation (3G) and beyond mobile communication systems. Given that future service providers are expected to provide video applications at various price and quality levels, quick and economically affordable methods for preparing/encoding the offering media at various qualities are necessary to be developed. This paper presents a method for objective evaluation of the perceived quality of MPEG­4 video content, based on a quantification of subjective assessments. Showing that subjectively derived perceived quality of service (PQoS) vs. bit rate curves can be successfully approximated by a group of exponential functions, the proposed method exploits a simple objective metric, which is obtained from the mean frame rate vs. bit rate curves of an encoded clip. The validity of this metric is assessed by comparing subjectively derived PQoS results to the corresponding ones, which come from the proposed objective method, showing that the proposed technique provides satisfactory PQoS estimation.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.673-679
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• 2005

This Paper presents the 3D wavelet transformation based video compression system, which possesses the capability of progressive transmission by increasing resolution and increasing rate for multimedia applications. The 3D wavelet packet based video compression system removes the temporal correlation of the input sequences using the motion compensation filter and decomposes the spatio-temporal subband using the spatial wavelet packet transformation. The proposed system allocates the higher bit rate to the low frequency image of the 3D wavelet sequences and improves the 0.49dB PSNR performance of the reconstructed image in comparison with that of H.263. In addition to the limitation on the propagation of the motion compensation error by the 3D wavelet transformation, the proposed system progressively transmits the input sequence according to the resolution and rate scalability.