• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 1994

Environmental Impact Assessment is composed of screening, scoping, inventory survey, prediction, assessment, alternative assessment, mitigation measure, and post management. Environmental monitoring data is applied to EIA process such as prediction and post management. It must he collected and managed systematically for effective applying in EIA process. This article explains factors such as air quality, water quality, soil, ocean, odor, noise & vibration, ecosystem, etc. and organizations of environmental monitoring managed by Ministry of Environment.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.339-356
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• 2013

This paper investigates the optimized parameters of Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) for vibration control of high-rise structures including Soil Structure Interaction (SSI). The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) method is employed for optimization. The TMD Mass, damping coefficient and spring stiffness are assumed as the design variables of the controller; and the objective is set as the reduction of both the maximum displacement and acceleration of the building. The time domain analysis based on Newmark method is employed to obtain the displacement, velocity and acceleration of different stories and TMD in response to 6 types of far field earthquakes. The optimized mass, frequency and damping ratio are then formulated for different soil types; and employed for the design of TMD for the 40 and 15 story buildings and 10 different earthquakes, and well results are achieved. This study leads the researchers to the better understanding and designing of TMDs as passive controllers for the mitigation of earthquake oscillations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2017

Seismic pounding between adjacent buildings with inadequate separation and different dynamic characteristics can cause severe damage to the colliding buildings. Efficient estimation of the maximum pounding force is required to control the extent of damage in adjacent structures or develop an appropriate mitigation method. In this paper, an analytical approach on the basis of statistical relations is presented for approximate computation of extreme value of pounding force between two adjacent structures with equal or unequal heights subjected to stationary and non-stationary excitations. The nonlinearity of adjacent structures is considered using Bouc-Wen model of hysteresis and the pounding effect is simulated by applying the nonlinear viscoelastic model. It is shown that the proposed approach can significantly save computational costs by obviating the need for performing dynamic analysis. To assess the reliability and accuracy of the proposed approach, the results are compared with those obtained from nonlinear dynamic analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.26-33
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• 2010

A multi-MW wind turbine is a huge mechanical structure, of which the rotor diameter is more or less than 100 m. Rotor blades experience unsymmetric mechanical loads caused by the interaction of incoming wind with the tower and wind shear effect. These mechanical loads are transferred to the entire structure of the wind turbine and are known as the major reasons for shortening the life span of the wind turbine. Therefore, as the size of wind turbine gets bigger, the mitigation of mechanical loads becomes more important issue in wind turbine control system design. In this paper, a concept of an individual pitch control(IPC), which minimizes the mechanical loads of rotor blades, is introduced, and simulation results using IPC are discussed.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1823-1833
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• 2006

An immune algorithm is a kind of evolutional computation strategies, which is developed in the basis of a real immune mechanism in the human body. Recently, scientific or engineering applications using this scheme are remarkably increased due to its significant ability in terms of adaptation and robustness for external disturbances. Particularly, this algorithm is efficient to search optimal parameters against complicated dynamic systems with uncertainty and perturbation. In this paper, we investigate an immune algorithm embedded Proportional Integral Derivate (called I-PID) control, in which an optimal parameter vector of the controller is determined offline by using a cell-mediated immune response of the immunized mechanism. For evaluation, we apply the proposed control to mitigation of vibrations for nonlinear structural systems, cased by external environment load such as winds and earthquakes. Comparing to traditional controls under same simulation scenarios, we demonstrate the innovation control is superior especially in robustness aspect.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

Model Order Reduction (MOR) denotes the theory by which one tries to catch a model of order lower than that of the real model. This is conveniently pursued in view of the design of an efficient structural control scheme, just passive within this paper. When the nonlinear response of the reference structural system affects the nature of the reduced model, making it dependent on the visited subset of the input-output space, standard MOR techniques do not apply. The mathematical theory offers some specific alternatives, which however involve a degree of sophistication unjustified in the presence of a few localized nonlinearities. This paper suggests applying standard MOR to the linear parts of the structural system, the interface remaining the original unreduced nonlinear components. A case study focused on the effects of a helicopter land crash is used to exemplify the proposal.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.35.1-35.1
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• 2010

최근 고층형 주거 시설이 많이 보편화됨에 따라 층고절감과 시공의 효율성 제고 등에 대한 요구가 크게 증가하고 있다. 이에 층고를 절감하면서 동시에 장스팬을 구현할 수 있는 GFRP를 이용한 경량 중공 합성 바닥을 개발하였다. 이 바닥 시스템은 웨브에 개구부를 가지는 비대칭 철골보와 중공 경량체, 콘크리트 그리고 내력 보강 및 내화 성능 증진을 위해 비대칭 철골보 하부에 부착한 GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics)로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 이 GFRP를 이용한 경량중공 합성 바닥의 진동 특성을 부재 단위 실험체를 제작하여 실험적으로 검토하였으며, 이를 통해 본 개발 합성 바닥의 고유 진동수 및 감쇠율을 측정하였다, 그 결과 기존의 이론에 근접한 진동 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2010

Discrete torsional bracing systems are widely used in practice to increase the strength of I-girders bridges. This paper proposes equations for lateral-torsional buckling strength, torsional natural frequency and stiffness requirements of I-girders with discrete torsional bracings. Firstly, the equations to calculate the critical moment of the I-girder with discrete torsional bracings are introduced. The proposed equations are then compared with the results of finite element analyses and those from previous studies. The equations to calculate the torsional natural frequency are also presented in the same manner. From the results, it is found that proposed equations agree well with results of finite element analyses regardless of the number of bracing points. Finally, the reduced formula for the total torsional stiffness requirement is proposed for the design purpose.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.89.2-89.2
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• 2010

고속도로에서 주행속도가 높아지게 되면, 도로의 노면 상태에 따라 차량의 안전과 쾌적한 운전자의 환경이 변화될 수 있다. 이처럼 도로의 노면 상태를 결정하는 주된 인자는 도로의 평탄성과 소성변형에 의한 노면의 요철이라고 할 수 있다. 평탄하지 못한 도로를 자동차가 고속으로 주행하게 되면, 자동차의 속도에 의한 도로와의 마찰이 발생하여 자동차에는 매우 큰 흔들림이 발생하게 된다. 또한, 도로의 경우에도 자동차의 차축과 도로면에서 발생하는 충격에 의해 미세한 진동이 발생하게 된다. 그리고 광섬유 브래그 격자(FBG)센서는 외부에서 작용하는 매우 미세한 물리량에 의한 변화의 측정이 가능한 매우 우수한 계측 센서로 사용이 가능하기 때문에 온도보상형 광섬유진동센서를 제작하였고, 이를 고속도로 포장면의 평탄성 모니터링에 활용하고자 하였다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.79.1-79.1
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 케이슨식 방파제 구조물에 대하여 기초마운드의 잠재적인 손상 모니터링에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 첫째, 케이슨식 방파제 기초마운드의 이상 상태 여부를 판단하기 위하여 진동응답 분석기법을 선정하였다. 둘째, 선정된 기법에 의한 손상 예측 가능성의 검증을 위하여 케이슨식 방파제의 구조모형을 제작하였다. 셋째, 모형케이슨에 대한 유한요소 모델 생생하여 기초마운드의 손상에 따른 진동응답을 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 모형케이슨에 대한 진동실험을 통하여 기초마운드의 손상 예측을 수행하였다.