• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2019

This is a pilot study of machine learning based structural health monitoring system using flight data of composite aircraft. In this study, the most suitable machine learning algorithm for structural health monitoring was selected and dimensionality reduction method for application on the actual flight data was conducted. For these tasks, impact test on the cantilever beam with added mass, which is the simulation of damage in the aircraft wing structure was conducted and classification model for damage states (damage location and level) was trained. Through vibration test of cantilever beam with fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensor, data of normal and 12 damaged states were acquired, and the most suitable algorithm was selected through comparison between algorithms like tree, discriminant, support vector machine (SVM), kNN, ensemble. Besides, through neighborhood component analysis (NCA) feature selection, dimensionality reduction which is necessary to deal with high dimensional flight data was conducted. As a result, quadratic SVMs performed best with 98.7% for without NCA and 95.9% for with NCA. It is also shown that the application of NCA improved prediction speed, training time, and model memory.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2021

In this paper, active noise control was performed to reduce radiated noise in the low frequency band of dishwashers. First, through an analysis of the noise environment of the dishwasher, it was confirmed that the pump noise contributed the most to the radiated noise in the low frequency band, From the result of the noise environment analysis, the reference signal was selected to be the vibration signal of the pump body. The reference signal was obtained by using the accelerometer on the pump body, which can prevent acoustic feedback. The error signal sensor was selected as a microphone located at 1 m in front of the dishwasher and 0.5 m in height. And to design the controller, the error signal and the reference signal were measured at the operational rpms of the dishwasher at 2,500 rpm, 2,600 rpm and 2,800 rpm, and the secondary path transfer function was measured. The designed controller was mounted on Digital Signal Processor (DSP) equipment, and the control performance was verified experimentally. As a result of the measurement at the 3 operational rpms, the 7th multiple component of pump operating frequency decreased by 1.93 dB, 4.43 dB, 5.15 dB per rpm, and the 12th multiple component decreased by 6.67 dB, 2.34 dB, 4.28 dB per rpm. And overall Sound Pressure Level (SPL) decreased by 0.84 dB, 2.58 dB, 1.48 dB by rpm.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.405-417
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• 2014

In a high-level waste repository, the gap fill of the engineered barrier is an important component that influences the performance of the buffer and backfill. This paper reviewed the overseas status of R&D on the gap fill used engineered barriers, through which the concept of the gap fill, manufacturing techniques, pellet-molding characteristics, and emplacement techniques were summarized. The concept of a gap fill differs for each country depending on its disposal type and concept. Bentonite has been considered a major material of a gap fill, and clay as an inert filler. Gap fill was used in the form of pellets, granules, or a pellet-granule blend. Pellets are manufactured through one of the following techniques: static compaction, roller compression, or extrusion-cutting. Among these techniques, countries have focused on developing advanced technologies of roller compression and extrusion-cutting techniques for industrial pellet production. The dry density and integrity of the pellet are sensitive to water content, constituent material, manufacturing technique, and pellet size, and are less sensitive to the pressure applied during the manufacturing. For the emplacement of the gap fill, pouring, pouring and tamping, and pouring with vibration techniques were used in the buffer gap of the vertical deposition hole; blowing through the use of shotcrete technology and auger placement and compaction techniques have been used in the gap of horizontal deposition hole and tunnel. However, these emplacement techniques are still technically at the beginning stage, and thus additional research and development are expected to be needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.939-942
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• 2007

Vacuum cleaner is a close life product that can remove various dusts from our surroundings. However well vacuum cleaner clean our environments, many people are looking away from it, due to its loud noise. Its noise causes a big trouble in the usual life, for example, catch calls, TV watching and discussing etc. To reduce these inconveniences, noise reduction methods and systematic design of low noise vacuum cleaner are studied in this paper. At first, sound quality investigation is performed to get the noise level and quality that make people TV watching and catch calls available. Based on the European and domestic customer SQ survey result, sound power, peak noise level and target sound spectrum guideline are studied and introduced. As a second, precise product sound spectrums are designed into each part based on the sound quality result. Fan-motor, brush, mainbody, cyclone spectrums are decided to get the final target sound based on the contribution level. Fan-motor is the major noise source of vacuum cleaner. Specially, its peak sound, RPM peak and BPF Peak, cause the people nervous. To reduce these peak sounds, high rotating impeller and diffuser are focused due to its interaction. A lot of experimental and numerical tests, operation points are investigated and optimization of flow path area between diffusers is performed. As a bagless device, cyclones are one of the major noise sources of vacuum cleaner. To reduce its noise, previous research is used and adopted well. Brush is the most difficult part to reduce noise. Its noise sources are all comes from aero-acoustic phenomena. Numerical analysis helps the understanding of flow structure and pattern, and a lot of experimental test are performed to reduce the noise. Gaps between the carpet and brush are optimized and flow paths are re-designed to lower the noise. Reduction is performed with keeping the cleaning efficiency and handling power together and much reduction of noise is acquired. With all above parts, main-body design is studied. To do a systematic design, configuration design developments technique is introduced from airplane design and evolved with each component design. As a first configuration, fan-motor installation position is investigated and 10 configuration ideas are developed and tested. As a second step, reduced size and compressed configuration candidates are tested and evaluated by a lot of major factor. Noise, power, mass production availability, size, flow path are evaluated together. If noise reduction configuration results in other performance degrade, the noise reduction configuration is ineffective. As a third configuration, cyclones are introduced and the size is reduced one more time and fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh configuration are evolved with size and design image with noise and other performance indexes. Finally we can get a overall much noise level reduction configuration. All above investigations are adopted into vacuum cleaner design and final customer satisfaction tests in Europe are performed. 1st grade sound quality and lowest noise level of bagless vacuum cleaner are achieved.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.588-594
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• 2020

This study proposes non-destructive rebound-hardness and ultrasonic testing methods to more accurately evaluate the residual structural performance of reinforced concrete structures in a fire. Techniques are also proposed to assess the stiffness used in the deflection calculation with natural frequencies obtained by vibration tests. In the compressive strength evaluation using rebound hardness, the residual compressive strength of thick specimens and a larger water/cement (W/C) ratio were shown to be large. The homogeneity of concrete at high temperature compared to ambient temperature conditions was assessed by the velocity of ultrasonic waves that penetrate the concrete, and it followed W/C or thickness of slab makes little different results. To assess the stiffness of fire-damaged slabs and increase in deflection, the natural frequency was measured by vibration tests and incorporated into the equation of the stiffness. The application of this technique to the slab experiment showed that it can be a very reasonable evaluation technique. In addition, to evaluate the residual strength of a member after fire, a test of the strength of a component was carried out during and after heating.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.677-687
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• 2017

Aircraft can often be exposed to a variety of environments and vibrations such as engine, hydraulic pump, aerodynamic force. These may cause cracking and destruction of the mechanical structure and sub-components by high-cycle fatigue. The axial piston type pump which is usually applied to the aircraft hydraulic pump can be necessarily accompanied by the fluid pulsation by continuous rotation of the axial piston. The fatigue crack was identified at the dampener fitting welding zone to prevent vibration damping during the running of aircraft equipped with this type of pulsation hydraulic pump. In order to understand the root cause of this matter, fracture and component analyses were carried out and also integral type dampener fitting was applied to prevent recurrence of the crack as a subject of design improvements. Structural integrity stress analysis, fatigue analysis, qualification test and aircraft system equipped test was conducted to verify the design validity in application to integral type dampener fitting. The test results were sufficiently satisfactory with the demand lifetime of the material from the various types of test as conducted and the subject of design improvement in this study could be objectively evaluated that shall be applied to the operational aircraft.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.139-156
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• 1995

A set of field investigations was performed to estimate accurately the predominant periods of seismic 8round motions and the attenuation characteristics of the seismic ground vibration. Predominant periods of ground motions were estimated from the measurement of the continuous microseismic vibratins of certain periods, inherent in the ground and in the buildings, utilizing the high sensitivity digital velocity seismometer consisting of 3-component geophones and a digital seismograph. Estimated predominant periods of microseismic vibraion of the ground(measured on'the ground surface) and the building (measured on the second floor) were in the range of 0.18~0.235 sec. and 0.26~0.31 sec. respectively. The subsurface structure of the site ground was surveyed by the seismic refraction method utilizing the digital seismicwave probing system. The ground structure was found to be a two-layered system : an upper top soil layer of 7m in thickness with the P-wave velocity of 662m1sec and a lower layer of silty-clayey soils with the P -wave velocity of 2210m1 sec. The attenuation characteristics of the seismic ground vibrations were determined by the amplitude decay measurement method us;ng the Seisgun, which produces strong artificial seismic energy. Measured spatial attenuation coefficients of the ground vibration in vertical(Z) longitudinal(X), transverse(Y) direction were 0.1137, 0.0025, and 0.0290 respectively. Estimated Spartial QP's (inverse of the specific dissipation constant w.r.t. shear waved of X, Y, and Z directions were in the range of 5.913~7.575, 32.371~41.452, 2.794~3.579 re spectively. This indicates that aseimic design of the structures on the site should take stronger consideration regarding the earthquake resistance characteristics of the structures against longitudinal ground motion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.999-1008
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• 2007

The spacer grid set is a component in the nuclear fuel assembly. The set supports the fuel rods safely. Therefore, the spacer grid set should have sufficient strength for the external impact forces such as earthquake. The fretting wear occurs between the spring of the fuel rod and the spacer grid due to flow-induced vibration. Conceptual design of the spacer grid set is performed based on the Independence Axiom of axiomatic design. Two functional requirements are defined for the impact load and the fretting wear, and corresponding design parameters are selected. The overall flow of design is defined according to the application of axiomatic design. Design for the impact load is carried out by using nonlinear dynamic analysis to determine the length of the dimple. Topology optimization is carried out to determine a new configuration of the spring. The fretting wear is reduced by shape optimization using the homology theory. The deformation of a structure is called homologous if a given geometrical relationship holds before, during, and after the deformation. In the design to reduce the fretting wear, the deformed shape of the spring should be the same as that of the fuel rod. This condition is transformed to a function and considered as a constraint in the shape optimization process. The fretting wear is expected to be reduced due to the homology constraint. The objective function is minimizing the maximum stress to allow a slight plastic deformation. Shape optimization results are confirmed through nonlinear static analysis.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

Purpose : The demand for higher fuel economy vehicles has helped develop fuel-efficient vehicles such as a CVVL called continuous variable valve lift. Existing CVVL has been applying DC type motor to control intake valve, but recently some car parts manufacturers have been developing a BLDC type CVVL motor for improvements of endurance performance. The purpose of this study is to find the potential failure mechanism of the CVVL BLDC moto in early stage of development based on the design properties and design the accelerated life test model. Methods : CVVL BLDC is consist of brushs, coil, magnetic, PCB, bearing and so on. Each component has a latent failure mechanism caused by temperature, humidity, vibration. By analysis result of the failure mechanism, thermal fatigue is the most important factor of a durability of CVVL BLDC motor. So, we designed a new accelerated life test model for guarantee of the CVVL BLDC motor. Results : A crack occurred on via hole in test using the conditions we designed, so we did change the design to avoid this failure. The via hole dimension is changed a little larger, as a result we achieve improvements in reliability of the CVVL BLDC motor. By applying various kinds and extreme level of stresses, we can find the operating limits of products. Conclusion : In thesis, We analyzed the failure mechanism of CVVL BLDC and designed an accelerated life test method to give a guarantee for reliability. Based on the test results, we could improve the reliability of developments by change of design.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2015

Recently, Vecna BEAR type robot to save injured individuals from inaccessible areas has been developed to minimize the loss of life. Because this robot is driven on rough terrain, there is a risk of rollover and vibration, which could impact the injured. In order to guarantee its stability, an algorithm is required that can estimate the speed limits for various environments in real time. Therefore, a dynamic model for real-time analysis is needed for this algorithm. Because the tracks used as the driving component of Vecna BEAR type robot consist of many parts, it is impossible to analyze the multibody tracks in real time. Thus, a lumped track model that satisfies the requirements of a short computation time and adequate accuracy is required. This study performed lumped track modeling, and the traction force was verified using RecurDyn, which is a dynamic commercial program.