• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.189-208
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• 2006

Monitoring large-scale civil engineering structures such as offshore platforms and high-large buildings requires a large number of sensors of different types. Innovative sensor data information technologies are very extremely important for data transmission, storage and retrieval of large volume sensor data generated from large sensor networks. How to obtain the optimal sensor set and placement is more and more concerned by researchers in vibration-based SHM. In this paper, a method of determining the sensor location which aims to extract the dynamic parameter effectively is presented. The method selects the number and place of sensor being installed on or in structure by through the tolerance domain statistical inference algorithm combined with second order sensitivity technology. The method proposal first finds and determines the sub-set sensors from the theoretic measure point derived from analytical model by the statistical tolerance domain procedure under the principle of modal effective independence. The second step is to judge whether the sorted out measured point set has sensitive to the dynamic change of structure by utilizing second order characteristic value sensitivity analysis. A 76-high-building benchmark mode and an offshore platform structure sensor optimal selection are demonstrated and result shows that the method is available and feasible.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.295-315
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of an analytical study on seismic reliability of viscoelastically damped frame systems in comparison with that of conventional moment resisting frame systems. In order to exhibit the reliability of the frame systems with viscoelastic dampers, seismic reliability analyses were carried out for steel framed buildings, 5 and 12 storeys in height, designed as: (a) Case 1: Conventional moment resisting frame, (b) Case 2: Frame with viscoelastic dampers providing supplemental effective damping ratio of 10%, and (c) Case 3: Frame with viscoelastic dampers providing supplemental effective damping ratio of 20%. Nonlinear time history analyses were utilized to develop seismic fragility curves whilst monitoring various performance objectives. To obtain robust estimators of the seismic reliability, a database including 15 natural earthquake ground motion records with markedly different characteristics was employed in the fragility analysis. The results indicate that depending upon the supplemental effective damping ratio, frames designed with viscoelastic dampers have considerably lower annual probability of exceedance of performance limit states for structural components, showing up to a five-fold reduction in comparison to conventionally designed moment resisting frame system.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 개인용 컴퓨터와 신호변환기를 사용한 데이터 취득 및 분석 시스템을 개발하였다. 선박의 속력시운전시 계측되는 축마력, 축회전수, 선속등의 데이터는 여러가지 요인에 의해 변동폭이 크기 때문에 시운전이 수행되는 동안의 어느 한 순간의 값을 대표값으로 할 수가 없다. 변동폭이 큰 데이터의 대표값을 얻기 위하여 본 고에서는 이동평균 개념을 도입하였으며 이동평균값이 변하는 추이도 실시간 그래프로 보여준다. 현재는 8 채널 데이터를 동시에 처리할 수 있고, 분석된 데이터의 저장 및 프린트도 가능하다. 프로그램은 윈도우 환경에서 개발되어 사용자의 편리를 도모하고 향후의 확장이 쉽도록 하였다. 개발된 시스템은 속력시운전 뿐만 아니라 다른 분야-선박의 조종시험시 주요 데이터의 변하는 추이를 기록, 엔진의 헌팅문제의 검사, 진동의 스펙트럼 분석 등-에도 유용하며 이들 분야에 대한 실선에서의 적용 예를 보였다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2019

The effects of foundation scour depth and riverbed condition on the natural frequencies of a typical cross-river integral abutment bridge have been studied. The conventional operational modal analysis technique has been employed in order to extract the modal properties of the bridge and the results have been used in the Finite Element (FE) model updating procedure. Two tests have been carried out in two different levels of water and wet condition of the riverbed. In the first test, the riverbed was in dry condition for two subsequent years and the level of water was 10 meter lower than the natural riverbed. In the second test, the river was opened to water flow from the upstream dam and the level of water was 2 meter higher than the natural riverbed. The results of these two tests have also been used in order to find to what extend the presence of water flow in the river and saturation of the surrounding soil affect the bridge natural frequencies. Finally, the updated FE model of the bridge has been applied in a series of parametric analyses incorporating the effect of piles' relative scour depth on the bridge natural frequency of the first four vibration modes.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2020

In this paper, an adaptive MEMD based modal identification technique for linear time-invariant systems is proposed employing multiple vibration measurements. Traditional empirical mode decomposition (EMD) suffers from mode-mixing during sifting operations to identify intrinsic mode functions (IMF). MEMD performs better in this context as it considers multi-channel data and projects them into a n-dimensional hypercube to evaluate the IMFs. Using this technique, modal parameters of the structural system are identified. It is observed that MEMD has superior performance compared to its traditional counterpart. However, it still suffers from mild mode-mixing in higher modes where the energy contents are low. To avoid this problem, an adaptive filtering scheme is proposed to decompose the interfering modes. The Proposed modified scheme is then applied to vibrations of a reinforced concrete road bridge. Results presented in this study show that the proposed MEMD based approach coupled with the filtering technique can effectively identify the parameters of the dominant modes present in the structural response with a significant level of accuracy.

• Composites Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2007

복합재 보강판에 영구히 부착된 배열 압전 능동 센서를 사용하여 저속 충격 손상을 탐지하였다. 압전 능동센서를 사용하여 구조에 램파를 전파시키기 위한 다양한 진단신호를 생성하였으며, 손상으로 인한 구조 진동의 특성 변화를 탐지하기 위하여 그 응답을 측정하였다. 이 신호 변화 특징을 한 개의 손상 지수로 표현하기 위하여 3가지 알고리즘-ADI(Active Damage Interrogation), TD RMS (Time Domain Root Mean Square), STFT(Short Time Fourier Transform) -이 검토되었다. 손상 탐지시험을 수행하여, 사용한 기법과 진단신호로 저속 충격으로 인한 두 개의 층간분리를 탐지하였으며, 그 위치를 추정하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2023

After a disaster like the catastrophic earthquake, the government have to use rapid assessment of the condition (or damage) of bridges, buildings and other infrastructures is mandatory for rapid feedbacks, rescue and post-event management. Many domain schemes based on the measured vibration computations, including least squares estimation and neural fuzzy logic control, have been studied and found to be effective for online/offline monitoring of structural damage. Traditional strategies require all external stimulus data (input data) which have been measured available, but this may not be the generalized for all structures. In this article, a new method with unknown inputs (excitations) is provided to identify structural matrix such as stiffness, mass, damping and other nonlinear parts, unknown disturbances for example. An analytical solution is thus constructed and presented because the solution in the existing literature has not been available. The goals of this paper are towards access to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, promotion of inclusive and sustainable urbanization and participation, implementation of sustainable and disaster-resilient buildings, sustainable human settlement planning and manage. Simulation results of linear and nonlinear structures show that the proposed method is able to identify structural parameters and their changes due to damage and unknown excitations. Therefore, the goal is believed to achieved in the near future by the ongoing development of AI and control theory.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.609-616
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• 2008

국가경제력 향상과 함께 바다와 섬에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 육지와 섬, 섬과 섬을 연결하는 해상 장대교량이 많이 건설되고 있다. 장대교량은 현수교, 사장교, 아치교, 트러스교 등으로 대변할 수 있는데 그 중에서도 사장교는 주탑(Pylon)과 케이블(Cable), 보강형(Stiffened Girder)이 조화를 이루면서 외관이 아름다워 매력적인 교량형식의 하나로 최근 많이 계획되고 있다. 장력측정은 케이블에 설치한 가속도 센서로부터 케이블의 고유진동수 변화를 이용하는 간접법인 진동법을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 댐퍼 설치 케이블의 유효길이 산정식을 제안하였는데 이는 케이블의 유효길이 변화를 실측치와 해석값을 비교하여 분석한 것으로 기존의 유효길이 산정방법인 댐퍼와 정착단간의 순간격에 의한 것은 최종 케이블 장력값 추정에 있어서 신뢰도가 떨어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 향후 유지관리 단계에서는 본 연구에서 제안한 케이블의 유효길이 산정식을 활용하여 장력을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 케이블의 재긴장 및 교체시기 결정 등에도 합리적인 의사결정 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine clean room(C/R) structure, air conditioning and contamination control systems and to provide basic information for identifying a correlation between the semiconductor work environment and workers' disease. Methods: This study was conducted at 200 mm and 300 mm semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities. The C/R structure and air conditioning method were investigated using basic engineering data from documentation for C/R construction. Furthermore, contamination parameters such as airborne particles, temperature, humidity, acids, ammonia, organic compounds, and vibration in the C/R were based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors(ITRS). The properties of contamination control systems and the current status of monitoring of various contaminants in the C/R were investigated. Results: 200 mm and 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities were divided into fab(C/R) and sub fab(Plenum), and fab, clean sub fab and facility sub fab, respectively. Fresh air(FA) is supplied in the plenum or clean sub fab by the outdoor air handling unit system which purifies outdoor air. FA supply or contaminated indoor air ventilation rates in the 200 mm and 300 mm wafer fabrication facilities are approximately 10-25%. Furthermore, semiconductor clean rooms strictly controlled airborne particles(${\leq}1,000{\sharp}/ft^3$), temperature($23{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$), humidity($45{\pm}5%$), air velocity(0.4 m/s), air change(60-80 cycles/hr), vibration(${\leq}1cm/s^2$), and differential pressure(atmospheric pressure$+1.0-2.5mmH_2O$) through air handling and contamination control systems. In addition, acids, alkali and ozone are managed at less than internal criteria by chemical filters. Conclusions: Semiconductor clean rooms can be a pleasant environment for workers as well as semiconductor devices. However, based on the precautionary principle, it may be necessary to continuously improve semiconductor processes and the work environment.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2018

진동 스트레스에 따른 양식 메기 (Silurus asotus)의 산소소비량 및 암모니아 배설량을 분석하였다. 연구에 사용된 메기의 평균전장은 $22.9{\pm}0.9cm$ (${\pm}SD$, n = 30), 평균체중은 $100.7{\pm}11.7g$ (${\pm}SD$, n = 30) 이었다. 진동 자극은 특수 제작한 진동기를 이용하여 48, 58 및 68 dB (V)이었으며, 이때의 소음은 $77.6{\pm}1.8dB$ (A) 크기를 주었다. 진동은 타임머를 이용하여 주간(08:00-18:00)에 15분 간격으로 11일간 계속하여 스트레스를 가하였다. 메기의 산소소비량 변화는 58 dB (V) 그룹에서 진동 후 1, 5, 9 및 11일째에 각각 21.8, 30.2, 36.0 및 53.2% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 68 dB (V) 그룹에서는 1, 7, 및 11일째에 각각 22.7, 35.1 및 57.7% 감소하였다. 48, 58 및 68 dB 그룹에서 진동 자극 경과일수(D)에 따른 식은 각각 직선식으로 OC=0.374D + 90.762 ($r^2=0.048$), OC = -3.581D + 89.520 ($r^2=0.831$) 및 OC = -4.109D + 90.907 ($r^2=0.884$)이었다. 암모니아 배설량은 48, 58 및 68 dB (V) 그룹에서 진동후 1일째에 각각 34.8, 51.8 및 63.2% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 48 및 58 dB (V) 그룹은 진동 3일째부터 11일째까지 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면 68 dB (V) 그룹은 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 및 11일째에 진동전(0일째)과 비교하여 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 진동 48 dB, 58 dB 및 68 dB에서의 진동 경과 일수에 대한 암모니아배설량 감소율은 직선식으로 각각 AE=-1.646D + 115.915 ($r^2=0.265$), AE = -8.230D + 122.132 ($r^2=0.750$) 및 AE = -7.086D + 123.690 ($r^2=0.614$)로 나타났다.