• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2014

파이프 유동 내에서 일어나는 소음 및 진동현상의 경우 일반적으로 난류유동과 근처의 벽면사이의 유동유기진동에 의해 일어나게 된다. 복잡한 난류유동을 가지는 확장관의 단순한 경우에서 본 연구는 수행되었지만, 방사소음의 경우 주어진 모델에서 크기와 형상 그리고 두께 등에 상당히 영향을 받게 된다. 또한, 방사소음은 그 파가 퍼져나가면서 주위 시스템에 교란특성이나 불안정성을 야기시키게 되는데 결국 중요한 파단과 파손을 일으키게 된다. 본 연구는 다양한 상용프로그램들 (Fluent, NASTRAN, 그리고 VIRTUAL LAB)을 이용하여 이러한 현상을 파악하고자 하였다. 이 연구를 통해 유동소음에 있어 깔려있는 물리현상들을 이해하고자 하였다. 확장관의 경우 단면적의 급격한 변화에 의해 박리와 높은 압력강하를 겪게 되는데, 방사소음의 계산으로 이 방사소음의 크기가 100에서 500Hz영역에서 전체적으로 약 20dB정도 감소시킬 수 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2017

Recently, the transportation of dangerous explosive goods is increasing, which makes vehicle blasting accidents a potential threat for the safety of bridge structures. In addition, blasting accidents happen more easily when earthquake occurs. Excessive dynamic response of bridges under extreme loads may cause local member damage, serviceability issues, or even failure of the whole structure. In this paper, a new explosion-proof and aseismic system is proposed including cable support damping bearing and steel-fiber reinforced concrete based on the existing researches. Then, considering one 40m-span simply supported concrete T-bridge as the prototype, through scale model test and numerical simulation, the dynamic response of the bridge under three conditions including only earthquake, only blast load and the combination of the two extreme loads is obtained and the applicability of this explosion-proof and aseismic system is explored. Results of the study show that this explosion-proof and aseismic system has good adaptability to seism and blast load at different level. The reducing vibration isolation efficiency of cable support damping bearing is pretty high. Increasing cables does not affect the good shock-absorption performance of the original bearing. The new system is good at shock absorption and displacement limitation. It works well in reducing the vertical dynamic response of beam body, and could limit the relative displacement between main girder and capping beam in different orientation so as to solve the problem of beam falling. The study also shows that the enhancement of steel fibers in concrete could significantly improve the blast resistance of main beam. Results of this paper can be used in the process of antiknock design, and provide strong theoretical basis for comprehensive protection and support of girder bridges.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

터널과 같은 지하구조물의 경우에는 지반의 다양한 변동성과 불확실성으로 인하여 터널 시공단계에서의 위험이 계속적으로 종가하고 있으므로, 터널 설계단계에서 터널 안정성 및 환경성에 영향을 주는 위험요소에 대한 위험도 평가 및 관리가 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 터널굴착으로 인한 안정성에 대한 위험도 분석을 지반자체의 지보능력, 지반침하에 의한 인접구조물 손상, 막장내 지하수 유입량, 지진영향 등의 요소로 구분하여 평가하였다. 또한 환경성에 대한 위험도 분석을 발파로 인한 소음 진동, 운영중 열차운행으로 인한 소음 진동, 지하수위 저하로 인한 환경영향 등으로 평가하였다. 이와 같은 위험요소들에 대하여 위험도를 정량적으로 평가하고 터널 전구간에 걸친 위험도의 분포특성을 파악하였다. 또한 다양한 확률론적 기법과 통계자료를 사용하여 각각의 위험도에 대한 비용(cost)을 분석하므로서 위험도가 터널공사에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그리고 본 위험도 평가기법을 터널설계단계에서 적용하므로서 기존의 방법을 보완할 수 있는 보다 합리적인 위험도 평가방법으로서의 유용성을 검토하였다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.263-276
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• 2020

In this article, the acoustic responses of free vibrated natural fibre-reinforced polymer nanocomposite structure have been investigated first time with the help of commercial package (ANSYS) using the multiphysical modelling approach. The sound relevant data of the polymeric structure is obtained by varying weight fractions of the natural nanofibre within the composite. Firstly, the structural frequencies are obtained through a simulation model prepared in ANSYS and solved through the static structural analysis module. Further, the corresponding sound data within a certain range of frequencies are evaluated by modelling the medium through the boundary element steps with adequate coupling between structure and fluid via LMS Virtual Lab. The simulation model validity has been established by comparing the frequency and sound responses with published results. In addition, sets of experimentation are carried out for the eigenvalue and the sound pressure level for different weight fractions of natural fibre and compared with own simulation data. The experimental frequencies are obtained using own impact type vibration analyzer and recorded through LABVIEW support software. Similarly, the noise data due to the harmonically excited vibrating plate are recorded through the available Array microphone (40 PH and serial no: 190569). The numerical results and subsequent experimental comparison are indicating the comprehensiveness of the presently derived simulation model. Finally, the effects of structural design parameters (thickness ratio, aspect ratio and boundary conditions) on the acoustic behaviour of the natural-fibre reinforced nanocomposite are computed using the present multiphysical model and highlighted the inferences.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.412-422
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• 2009

This study was conducted to assess exposure to musculoskeletal disorder(MSD) risk factors in hospital personnel who performed non-routinized work tasks. A tool ("PATH-KOSHA" version) was newly revised from PATH(Posture, Activity, Tools and Handling) method and uploaded into a personal digital assistant(PDA). The version was used, on a basis of direct-observation, to collect PATH data at the 2 hospital settings in different regions. Job analysis was performed to get various information (e.g., work and rest time, task type) as well. The data collected were visually checked for data cleaning and stored for future data analysis. A total of 1,992 PATH observations were made for 37 hospital workers. Exposure levels varied across 18 items of the MSD risk factors. The highest percent time spent on non-neutral postures was 53% for wrist deviation, followed by 47%(pinch grip), 35%(trunk posture), 23%(neck posture), and 20%(shoulder/arm posture). The highest percent time spent among hand activity level(HAL) variables was 55% for HAL-cat2 (HAL: 3.3 - <6.7). The percent time of items with respect to both loads with more than 5kg and contact stress was less than 4%. Vibration was not exposed in the study workers. Different aspects were discussed for findings. The study results showed that wrist deviation was highest in percent time spent on awkward posture while HAL-cat2 was highest in hand repetition. The study suggests that distal upper extremity posture and HAL should be primarily addressed and controlled in non-routinized work including the hospital settings.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2018

High-speed rail (HSR) has been in operation and development in many countries worldwide. The explosive growth of HSR has posed great challenges for operation safety and ride comfort. Among various technological demands on high-speed trains, vibration is an inevitable problem caused by rail/wheel imperfections, vehicle dynamics, and aerodynamic instability. Ride comfort is a key factor in evaluating the operational performance of high-speed trains. In this study, online monitoring data have been acquired from an in-service high-speed train for condition assessment. The measured dynamic response signals at the floor level of a train cabin are processed by the Sperling operator, in which the ride comfort index sequence is used to identify the train's operation condition. In addition, a novel technique that incorporates salient features of Bayesian inference and time series analysis is proposed for outlier detection and change detection. The Bayesian forecasting approach enables the prediction of conditional probabilities. By integrating the Bayesian forecasting approach with time series analysis, one-step forecasting probability density functions (PDFs) can be obtained before proceeding to the next observation. The change detection is conducted by comparing the current model and the alternative model (whose mean value is shifted by a prescribed offset) to determine which one can well fit the actual observation. When the comparison results indicate that the alternative model performs better, then a potential change is detected. If the current observation is a potential outlier or change, Bayes factor and cumulative Bayes factor are derived for further identification. A significant change, if identified, implies that there is a great alteration in the train operation performance due to defects. In this study, two illustrative cases are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for condition assessment of high-speed trains.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2018

자동차 실내음에 대한 다양한 외부 공력 소음원들의 기여도 분석은 저소음 자동차를 개발하기 위해 단순히 외부 공력 소음원들을 파악하는 것보다 개발 효율성 측면에서 더 중요하다. 파악된 외부 공력 소음원들의 실내음 기여도를 분석하기 위하여 촐레스키 분리(Cholesky Decomposition, CD) 방법이라는 새로운 기법을 활용하여 전체 실내 소음 스펙트럼을 다수의 스펙트럼으로 분리하였다. 이를 통해 분리된 각각의 스펙트럼은 실내 소음에 대한 특정한 개별 소음원들의 기여도로 분석될 수 있다. 이 방법을 검증하기 위해 세가지 실험들이 수행되었다. 더 나아가 CD에 기초한 실내음 기여도 분석 방법은 실차 무향 풍동에서 마이크로폰 어레이를 통한 외부 소음원 가시화 결과와 결합하여 바람소리 개발 효율성을 향상시키는 데 활용이 가능한 지를 2개의 스피커 소음원 실험을 통해 검증하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.338-342
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• 2018

상하층 간 공동주택의 바닥충격음 문제를 해결하기 위해 국토교통부에서는 바닥충격음 레벨에 영향을 미치는 완충재에 대한 물성 기준도 함께 고시하고 있다. 완충재에 대한 물성 기준중 가열전후 동탄성계수, 손실계수는 특히 바닥충격음과 가장 연관되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기준에서 명시하고 있는 $70^{\circ}C$의 온도 조건을 기준으로 $10^{\circ}C$씩 증가시키고 $10^{\circ}C$씩 저감시켜 온도변화에 따른 동탄성계수 및 손실계수에 대하여 변화율을 검토하였다. 총 8가지 종류의 시료에 대하여 동탄성계수 및 손실계수 측정 방법은 펄스 가진법으로 수행되었으며 결과 산출방법은 감쇠 진동 파형을 이용한 시계열 해석법으로 산출하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.488-497
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a postpartum massage program on stress response in the Cesarean section mothers. The study focused on evaluating the effect of postpartum massage program on mood, anxiety, skin temperature and concentration of saliva and breast milk immunoglobulin A in the Cesarean section mothers. This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Twenty-eight Cesarean section mothers were selected as experimental group, whereas twenty- seven were control group. The postpartum massage program consisted of 20 minutes of warm-up, massage and ending phases and used once a day. During each program, there were 4 minutes of warm-up, 14 minutes of massage on back, axillary and breasts, and 2 minutes of ending. Massage were used for the experimental group by the same investigator 20 times per minute. The massage technique used were efflurage, petrissage, accupressure, kneading and vibration. Skin temperature was monitored with YSI Tele-thermometer(Simpson electric Co., USA) before and after massage program. The concentration of immunoglobulin A in saliva and breast milk was analyzed by immunoturbididimeter assay(Cobas INTEGRA, Swiss) before and after massage program. Also at this time mood and anxiety were measured by self-report. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 7.5 and hypothesis was tested with ANCOVA analysis and Pearson coefficient correlation. The results were as follows : 1) Score of mood increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 2) Level of anxiety decreased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 3) Skin temperature increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 4) Concentration of saliva immunoglobulin A increased significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 5) Concentration of breast milk immunoglobulin A did not change significantly after use of postpartum massage program. 6) After use of postpartum massage program, there was significant correlation between psychological stress response and physiological stress response.The results suggest that postpartum massage program can be effective nursing intervention to reduce stress response in the postpartum mothers under stress.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2003

The present condition of study on the wave-resonance for the bio-KI is observed. And the probroms of reception attendent on the stimulation of wave is observed centering around the sensory organ. The results is as follows: In the wave-resonant stand point, the tendency of studying on KI is showed in the several field all over the world. Because it is originated radionics, the wave-resonant tools of MRA insistenting minute-magnetism-resonance-apparatus need the more severe data in the side of electric circuit. The wave resonance apparatus according to the frequency occurance transmits low-frequency's vibration ratio to the electric stimulating aspect. The wave-water is considered on the application of wave-resonance transcription on the water, and needs the comprehension of torsion-field level. The wave-stimulation of the bio-KI and the reception of the sensory-organ is observed the connection of the sensory-organ and it's corresponding wave. The informations recorded in the wave are distinguished patternly. And the several shaping waves transmit the informations each other through the resonnance. The wave theory is explained the LEE(理) as the wave-pattern and the KI(氣) as the revelation of the patterned-wave in the LEE-KI theory(理氣論), moreover the SHIN(神) as the information of the wave-pattern and the KI as the energy of the wave and the JEUNG(精) as the material of the wave in the JEUNG-KI-SHIN theory(精氣神論). In this point, the study on the wave-resonance of bio-KI is thought that it is significantly in the study method for oriental medicine. The sum of the wave makes the moving body and forms the universe. It means that the several wave patterns gather and form new field. The pattern is a kind of the information and the information is not materially. The information of wave-pattern is the arrangement and the combination of the material source.