• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.27-30
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• 2016

PURPOSE : The effect of the vestibular caloric stimulation with ice water on the autonomic nervous system was investigated using pulse oximetry. METHOD : Thirty-four healthy men and women were subject to a 2-minute vestibular caloric stimulation with ice water, and autonomic nervous activities (low frequency, high frequency, and total power) were measured before and after the vestibular caloric stimulation. Data were analyzed separately for men and women. RESULT : Low frequency, high frequency, and total power in the men and low frequency in the women were statistically significantly higher after vestibular caloric stimulation. High frequency and total power in the women were higher but not significantly different after vestibular caloric stimulation. CONCLUSION : Vestibular caloric stimulation with ice water increases autonomic nervous activities, with the variation being within the normal range. The test can be considered safe for use.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

In experimental method, this study was that galvanic vestibular stimulation in vestibular system influenced the excitability of spinal neuron through. H-reflex was measured by galvanic vestibular stimulation of binaural(right-negative pole and left-positive pole) at left head turning and prone position in sixteen normal subjects in their twenties age were selected. The summary of the comparison results were obtained below. 1. In the change of H reflex according to galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS), Hmax amplitude(p<.05) increased significantly after stimulation. 2. In the change of H reflex according to galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS), Hmax/Mmax ratio(p<.05) increased significantly after stimulation. In the conclusion, galvanic vestibular stimulation influenced the excitability of vestibulospinal tract and spinal neuron.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aims to examine the influences of galvanic vestibular stimulation on autonomic reaction of normal adults. Methods : Participants in this research totaled 28 (14 men and 14 women). Galvanic vestibular stimulation was conducted with a binaural electrode configuration for 60 sec. Galvanic vestibular stimulation measurements were conducted with the subjects in a prone position. Measured items included skin conductance, blood flow, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. Measurements were repeated for a total of five times, before application, during application, after application, 5 minutes after application and 10 minutes after application. Results : Skin conductance reaction showed statistically significant differences in changes depending on time after galvanic vestibular stimulation and there were statistically differences in changes of blood flow, pulse rate and respiratory rate after galvanic vestibular stimulation. Conclusion : Blood flow, pulse rate and respiratory rate of autonomic reactions were not influenced by galvanic vestibular stimulation, but skin conductance reaction was influenced by it and it was found that it was reduced during and after stimulation rather than before stimulation. Consequently, it was considered that galvanic vestibular stimulation affected the autonomic reaction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to determine if any differences exist in eye contact before and after vestibulaar stimulation in mentally retarded children. The subjects of this study were 20 mentally retarded children with a mean age of 9 years and 8 months and a mean intelligence quotient of $30.4{\pm}9.1$. Vestibular stimulation was given for 15 minutes, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks from September 1 to September 30, 1989. Equipment used included a rocking-horse, see-saw and scooter board. Two testers used a digital watch calibrated to 1/100 second to measure object-eye contact duration and the Blocks and Shapes test for determining frequency of object-eye contact in the subjects. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was a significant prolongation in the duration of eye contact after 15 minutes of vestibular stimulation (p<0.005). 2. There was no significant difference in duration of eye-object contact between the first and last vestibular stimulation. 3. There was no significant difference in the length of time of attention paid to objects (frequency of eye-object contact) before and after 15 minutes of vestibular stimulation on the first vestibular stimulation. 4. There was no significant difference in the frequency of eye-object contact between the first and first vestibular stimulation. In conclusion, there was u significant improvement in duration of eye-object contact on intrasession measurement in mentally retarded children. However, there was no significant improvement over time after 4 weeks of vestibular stimulation on intersession measurement. Nor was there any statistically significant improvement in frequency of eye-object contact over time during the study period.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.71-76
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• 2011

Purpose: We investigated a better method to enhance the vestibular system including balancing by comparing the vestibular stimulation exercise (VSE) and galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). Methods: The study was performed with 40 subjects randomized into four groups, including a control group, a VSE group, a GVS group, and a VSE with GVS group. The subjects of VSE performed a forward and backward roll, a right side and left side roll, and an equilibrium board in vestibular stimulation training. GVS was applied for 10 minutes and the cathode and anode side were then changed and GVS was then applied for the remaining 10 minutes. GVS was applied for 20 minutes to the subjects of this group after completion of the VSE program. Results: In the control group, all conditions were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the VSE with GVS group. Also, the center of pressure (CoP) surface was more significantly decreased (p<0.01) and the CoP speed was significantly decreased in the one legged stance (p<0.05) in the control group compared to the GVS group. Conclusion: These findings suggested that GVS training increases balance ability in a narrow width. VSE with GVS training is therefore recommend as the superior method. Using GVS or VSE with GVS training is considered to clinically improve balance ability by stimulating the vestibular system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation, which is the recovery of vestibular symptoms following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), intermittent electrical stimulation was applied to the injured vestibular portion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal reflexes, electrical activity and expression of c-Fos protein in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) were measured with time following UL. Spontaneous nystagmus occurred with frequency of $2.9{\pm}0.2$ beats/sec at 2 hours after UL and disappeared after 72 hours. Electrical stimulation decreased the frequency of nystagmus significantly till 24 hours after UL. Roll head deviation was $107{\pm}9.7^{\circ}$ at 2 hours after UL and the deviation was maintained till 72 hours, but electrical stimulation decreased the deviation significantly 6 hours after UL. Resting activity of type I neurons in ipsilateral MVN to the injured vestibular side decreased significantly compared with control at 6 and 24 hours after UL, but the activity of type I neurons was recovered to control level by electrical stimulation at 24 hours after UL. Gain of type I neurons induced by sinusoidal rotation of 0.1 Hz decreased significantly till 24 hours after UL, but electrical stimulation restored the activity at 24 hours. The gain of type II neurons decreased significantly at 6 hours after UL, but electrical stimulation restored the activity. Expression of c-Fos protein was asymmetric between bilateral MVN till 24 hours after UL, but the asymmetry disappeared by electrical stimulation 6 hours after UL. These results suggest that electrical stimulation to the injured vestibular portion facilitates vestibular compensation following UL by restoration of symmetry of neuronal activity between bilateral vestibular nuclei resulting from increased activity in ipsilateral vestibular nuclei to the injured side.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to determine whether providing auditory and vestibular stimulation to preform infants would have an effect on stress hormones. Methods: The design was a nonequivalent control group protest-posttest design in a quasi-experimental study Seventy-nine preform infants were assigned either one of two experimental groups or to a control group: 27 in the auditory stimulation group, 25 in the vestibular stimulation group and 27 in the control group. The criteria for inclusion in this study were 1) gestational age of less than 37 weeks, 2) birth weight of less than 2,500g, 3) the absence of congenital anomalies or specific diseases, 4) recovering physiological weight loss, and 5) weaned from ventilatory assistance or oxygen. The data were collected from March 2002 to May 2003. The auditory stimulation, a music audiotape, was provided 20 minutes twice a day for 10 days and the vestibular stimulation, an infant waterbed, was provided for 10 days. On day 1 and day 10 of the study, 24 hour urine sample was collected for norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol assays. In the data analysis SPSSWIN 10.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test. Results: General characteristics of the three groups showed no significant differences, thus three groups were found to be homogenous. The 24 hour urine cortisol for the auditory (t=3.489, p=.001) and for the vestibular (t=2.638, p=.013) stimulation group were significantly reduced compared to the control group after 10 days. Conclusions: The results suggest that auditory and vestibular stimulation can be used to reduce 24 hour urine cortisol in preform infants. Therefore, music audiotapes and waterbeds provided in incubator are be recommended for reduction of the stress in preform infants who are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of a vestibular stimulation training program on the walking ability of chronic stroke patients over a six month period. METHODS: Forty stroke patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided randomly into a control group (n=20) and experimental group (n=20). A general exercise program was applied to Group I and vestibular stimulation training was applied to Group II(30 min, three times a week for six weeks). The changes in straight walking ability, curved walking ability, and functional walking ability were measured using a 10 m walking test figure-of-eight-walking test, and dynamic gait index, respectively. The measures before and after the program were compared using a paired t-test for a comparison of each group and an independent t-test for a comparison between groups. RESULTS: The changes in each group were examined according to the measurement period. The Experimental group showed significant functional improvement in all three tests after the vestibular stimulation training program, but the control group did not show significant improvement in any of the tests after the general exercise program. A comparison of the changes between groups revealed the experimental group to show significantly higher improvement than the control group in all tests. CONCLUSION: The vestibular stimulation training program helps improve the gait function of stroke patients. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that various vestibular stimulation training programs will be developed and applied in a range of places.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.243-248
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• 1999

There is substantial evidence that anatomical connections and functional interactions exist between vestibular and autonomic systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) including mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), power spectrum was analyzed for evaluation of the physiological role of the vestibular system on control of heart rate in rabbits. In anesthetized rabbits, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by increasing HF. On the cervical sympathetic nerve increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF. Atropine, cholinergic blocker, increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by reducing HF, and propranolol, ${\beta}$-adrenergic blocker, decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by reducing LF> In unanesthetized rabbits, stimulation of the vestibular system induced by rotation or caloric increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF> Also electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve produced the same of effects as rotation or caloric in anesthetized rabbits. These results suggest that Stimulation of the vestibular system increased heart rate not by inhibiting the parasympathetic nerve but by activating the sympathetic nerve.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was conducted to examine the effects of unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation on balance and proprioception. Methods : 4-week training was applied to 40 normal adults in their twenties (unstable surface training group 10, galvanic vestibular stimulation group 10, unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation group 10, control group 10). Balance and proprioception was measured before the experiment, after two weeks, and after four weeks. Repeated ANOVA was used for balance and proprioception analysis. Results : As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in double support, a significant difference was found in open sight in interaction among groups and periods (p<0.05). As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in double support, there was a significant difference in closed sight and interaction among groups and periods (p<0.05). As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in proprioception, there was no statistically significant difference in interaction among groups and periods. Conclusion : In conclusion, both unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation had positive effect on balance control and proprioception improvement, and their excellence was not greatly different. Thus, it is possible to use unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation for physical therapy intervention to improve balance and proprioception. Since the results showed that simultaneous application of two methods had greater effects on difference compared with a single application, it is suggested to use this intervention in the clinical field.