• 제목/요약/키워드: Vertically coupling

검색결과 24건 처리시간 0.02초

분포결합 수직광결합기 집적을 이용한 협대역 4채널 파장역다중기 (Narrowband four-channel wavelength demultiplexer using integrated distributed coupling vertical couplers)

  • 한상국
    • 전자공학회논문지D
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    • 제35D권9호
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    • pp.93-99
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    • 1998
  • 수직 방향성결합기 구조에서 결합파장 및 결합분포를 달리하는 결합기 4개를 포함하는 헙대역 파장역다중기를 제안하고 동작특성을 모의실험 하였다. 너비가 다른 네 개의 ridge 광도파로를 동일한 strip상에 집적하여 수직결합시킴으로써 각각의 ridge 광도파로가 개별 파장여과기로 동작한다. 각 채널에서 발생하는 부엽(side-lobe)을 억제하기 위해 두 광도파로 간의 결합계수를 광파 진행방항으로 변화시켰다. 모의실험 결과 1.55 ㎛ 중심파장 대역에서 채널간격은 7 nm 이고 각 채널은 1.7 nm의 3-dB 통과대역폭, 20dB의 부엽억제비 및 약 90%의 광전력 전달효율을 보이면서 각 채널이 균일한 광여과 응답특성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

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Hydrodynamic coupling distance between a falling sphere and downstream wall

  • Lin, Cheng-Chuan;Huang, Hung-Tien;Yang, Fu-Ling
    • Coupled systems mechanics
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.407-420
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    • 2018
  • In solid-liquid two phase flow, the knowledge of how descending solid particles affected by the presence of downstream wall is important. This work studies at what interstitial distance the velocity of a vertically descending sphere is affected by a downstream wall as a consequence of wall-modified hydrodynamic forces through a validated dynamic model. This interstitial distance-the hydrodynamic coupling distance ${\delta}_c-is$ found to decay monotonically with the approach Stokes number St which compares the particle inertia to viscous drag characterized by the quasi-steady Stokes' drag. The scaling relation ${\delta}_c-St-1$ decays monotonically as literature below the value of St equal to 10. However, the faster diminishing rate is found above the threshold value from St=10-40. Furthermore, an empirical relation of ${\delta}_c-St$ shows dependence on the drop height which clearly indicates the non-negligible effect of unsteady hydrodynamic force components, namely the added mass force and the history force. Finally, we attempt a fitting relation which embedded the particle acceleration effect in the dependence of fitting constants on the diameter-scaled drop height.

3차원 전도체의 공간적 위치 및 크기에 따른 차이 지시자의 특성 연구 (A study on the characteristics of difference arrow using three-dimensional MT(Magneto-Telluric) modeling)

  • 양준모;오석훈;이덕기;권병두;윤용훈
    • 지구물리
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.305-319
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    • 2002
  • 지자기수직탐사(GDS; Geomagnetic Depth Sounding)에서의 차이 지시자(difference arrow)의 유용성을 조사하기 위하여 3차원 MT(Magneto-Telluric)모델링을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 전도체와 해양의 공간적 위치 및 전도체의 크기에 따른 차이 지시자의 특성을 조사하였다. 전도체가 지표에 존재할 때 본 연구에서 사용된 모델의 경우 사용된 주기가 장주기(40분 이상)거나 해양과의 거리가 멀어지면(150 km 이상) 상호결합이 무시할 정도로 약해 차이 지시자가 유의미하였다. 그러나 전도체가 심부에 매몰된 경우 차이 지시자의 유용성은 그 크기에 의존적이며 전도체가 충분히 큰 경우 상호결합이 장주기까지 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 수직적으로 확장된 전도체의 경우 전 주기에서 상호결합이 강화되어 장주기에서도 차이 지시자의 유용성을 확신할 수 없었다. 따라서 획득된 유도 지시자로부터 해양처럼 이미 알고 있는 전도체의 효과를 제거하기 위해서는 전도체 간의 상호 결합에 대한 정보가 요구되며 유용성이 확인된 차이 지시자는 물리적 지지를 바탕으로 지하 구조에 대한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

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Study on the water bursting law and spatial distribution of fractures of mining overlying strata in weakly cemented strata in West China

  • Li, Yangyang;Zhang, Shichuan;Yang, Yingming;Chen, Hairui;Li, Zongkai;Ma, Qiang
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.613-624
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    • 2022
  • A study of the evolution of overburden fractures under the solid-fluid coupling state was conducted based on the geological and mining characteristics of the coal seam depth, weak strata cementation, and high-intensity mining in the mining areas of West China. These mining characteristics are key to achieving water conservation during mining or establishing groundwater reservoirs in coal mines. Based on the engineering background of the Daliuta Coal Mine, a non-hydrophilic simulation material suitable for simulating the weakly cemented rock masses in this area was developed, and a physical simulation test was carried out using a water-sand gushing test system. The study explored the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of the fractured zone in the mining overburden under the coupling of stress and seepage. The experimental results show that the mining overburden can be vertically divided into the overall migration zone, the fracture extension zone and the collapse zone; additionally, in the horizontal direction, the mining overburden can be divided into the primary fracture zone, periodic fracture zone, and stop-fracture zone. The scope of groundwater flow in the overburden gradually expands with the mining of coal seams. When a stable water inrush channel is formed, other areas no longer generate new channels, and the unstable water inrush channels gradually close. Finally, the primary fracture area becomes the main water inrush channel for coal mines. The numerical simulation results indicate that the overlying rock breaking above the middle of the mined-out area allows the formation of the water-conducting channel. The water body will flow into the fracture extension zone with the shortest path, resulting in the occurrence of water bursting accidents in the mining face. The experimental research results provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of water conservation mining or the establishment of groundwater reservoirs in western mining areas, and this theoretical basis has considerable application and promotion value.

Design of a Taper-Underlaid Spot-Size Converter with an Offset

  • Choi, Jun-Seok;Oh, Jin-Kyong;Lee, Dong-Hwan;Lee, Hyung-Jong;Kim, Sang-Duk
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.40-43
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    • 2007
  • We propose a taper-underlaid spot-size converter (TU-SSC) with an offset which consists of two vertically stacked taper layers. The designed TU-SSC reduces coupling loss of a high index-contrast waveguide with $1.5%{\Delta}$ to a single mode fiber from 1.5 dB to 0.27 dB. We also considered the effects of mask misalignment in the fabrication process of TU-SSC, and optimized the design of TU-SSC so that the additional loss of TU-SSC for the mask misalignment of $3{\mu}m$ in the photo-lithography process was as low as 0.13 dB.

방사개구면에 역 L형 기생소자를 세운 GPS용 이중대역 마이크로스트립 안테나 설계 (A Design of Dual-band Microstrip Antenna Loading Inverted-L-shaped Parasitic Elements Vertically at Radiation Apertures for GPS Applications)

  • 최윤선;우종명
    • 한국ITS학회 논문지
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 2015
  • 본 논문에서는 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나의 방사개구면에 역 L형 기생소자를 수직으로 세운 이중대역 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계 및 제작하였다. 제안된 안테나는 GPS $L_1(1.575 GHz)$$L_2(1.227 GHz)$ 대역을 수용하도록 설계하였다. 먼저, GPS $L_1$ 대역은 반파장 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 이용하여 수용하였고, 섭동법을 이용하기 위해 방사개구면에 수직으로 세워 역 L형 기생소자를 패치안테나와 커플링시켜 공진시킴으로써 GPS $L_2$ 대역을 수용하였다. 다음으로 두 대역에서 모두 원형편파를 발생시키기 위해서 급전점 반대편 방사개구면에 각각의 편파에 해당하는 방사개구면에 역 L형 기생소자를 각각 세웠고, 패치 안테나의 급전점을 대각선으로 옮겨 이중대역 원형편파 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계하였다. 이렇게 설계된 원형편파 안테나의 크기는 $88.5{\times}79{\times}10.4mm^3$ ($0.36{\lambda}_L{\times}0.32{\lambda}_L{\times}0.04{\lambda}_L$, ${\lambda}_L$은 1.227 GHz의 공기 중 파장)의 크기를 가지며, 단층으로 저자세를 유지한다. -10 dB 대역폭은 GPS $L_1$대역에서 116.3 MHz(7.4%), GPS $L_2$대역 64.3 MHz(5.2%)로 측정되어 GPS $L_1$$L_2$ 대역의 요구대역폭(각각 24 MHz)을 만족하였다. 3 dB 축비 대역폭은 11.7 MHz(0.74%)와 14 MHz(1.14%)로 각각 측정되었으며, 방사패턴은 두 대역에서 모두 브로드 사이드 방사패턴을 형성하였다.

수직형 폴리머 마이크로링 공진기 기반의 글루코스 바이오 센서 (Refractometric Glucose Biosensor Incorporating a Vertically Coupled Microring Resonator in Polymeric Waveguides)

  • 김건덕;손근식;이학순;김기도;이상신
    • 한국광학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.127-131
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문에서는 굴절률 감지 방식의 수직 결합형 폴리머 마이크로링 공진기 기반 글루코스 바이오 센서를 제안하고 구현하였다. 이 센서에서 상부 클래딩 역할을 하는 글루코스 분석 대상물의 농도 변화는 링 공진기의 공진파장 이동을 측정함으로써 얻어진다. 특히, 센서의 감도를 향상시키기 위해 다음과 같은 방법을 사용하였다. 첫째로, 분석 대상물에 근접한 유효굴절률을 갖는 폴리머 도파로 구조를 공진기 센서에 도입하였다. 둘째로, 분석 물질의 접촉면적을 확대하기 위해 측면 클래딩층이 충분히 식각된 pedestal 링 도파로 구조를 사용하였다. 제안된 공진기 센서는 빔전파 방법을 사용하여 설계하고 분석하였다. 사용된 코어 및 클래딩용 폴리머의 굴절률은 각각 1.430과 1.375였으며, 링 반경은 $400\;{\mu}m$였다. 이 때 얻어진 도파로의 유효굴절률은 ${\sim}1.390$였으며 글루코스 수용액의 굴절률 1.333와 매우 근접하였다. 제작된 소자의 기본적인 전달특성은 FSR(free spectral range) 0.66 nm, 대역폭 ${\sim}0.15\;nm$, Q 값 10,000 이었다. 1550 nm 광파장 대역에서 얻어진 측정 결과를 살펴보면, 센서 감도는 ${\sim}0.28\;pm$/(mg/dL)였으며, 이에 따른 굴절률 변화 감도는 ${\sim}200\;nm/RIU$였다.

Low-Loss Compact Arrayed Waveguide Grating with Spot-Size Converter Fabricated by a Shadow-Mask Etching Technique

  • Jeong, Geon;Kim, Dong-Hoon;Choi, Jun-Seok;Lee, Dong-Hwan;Park, Mahn-Yong;Kim, Jin-Bong;Lee, Hyung-Jong;Lee, Hyun-Yong
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 2005
  • This paper describes a low-loss, compact, 40-channel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) which utilizes a monolithically integrated spot-size converter (SSC) for lowering the coupling loss between silica waveguides and standard single-mode fibers. The SSC is a simple waveguide structure that is tapered in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The vertically tapered structure was realized using a shadow-mask etching technique. By employing this technique, the fabricated, 40-channel, 100 GHz-spaced AWG with silica waveguides of 1.5% relative index-contrast showed an insertion-loss figure of 2.8 dB without degrading other optical performance.

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접합요소를 이용한 복합기초지반의 변형해석

  • 박병기;정진섭;이문수
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 1987년도 학술발표회 발표강연집
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    • pp.51-80
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    • 1987
  • In this studys a numerical analysis on the defomation of foundation layer was carried out by indroducing joint element. The method using the joust element between adj assent different materials has been originally developed for rock behavior(Goodman, et al. 1968) . The application of this method to the interface between the footing and soil layer proved satisfactory(Ghaboussi p et at. 1973). Authors tried to obtain the deformation of rrcompound foundation layerg", which vertically or horizontally or both consists of the natural(or intact) soft clay layer and the layer improved artificially in order to get high stiff-fness with replacement or chemical treatment to reduce the excessively detrimental settlemellt or lateral displacement in case of banking or building the civil structure on the soft layer. The joint conditions were classified into three categories : contacts sliding and separation. By coupling "JOINT" as a subroutine into multi-purpose code for the finite element method of the foundatlion daveloped by authors on the assumption that shearing and normal displacement can not be coupledl which terms pinon-dilatant" and by selecting modified Cam-clay modeIP the deformation analysis was performmed. The results using joint element were compared with those secured without introduction of joint element Nain results analized are as follows : 1. For the prediction of settlement and lateral desplacement, the result due to joint element was evaluated larger, which was regarded safe. 2. For the determination of ultimate bearing capacetyi the value using joint element appeared smaller by 20%, which was also safe.

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Influence of Tether Length in the Response Behavior of Square Tension Leg Platform in Regular Waves

  • El-gamal, Amr R.;Essa, Ashraf
    • International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.19-28
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    • 2014
  • The tension leg platform (TLP) is a vertically moored structure with excess buoyancy. The TLP is regarded as moored structure in horizontal plan, while inherit stiffness of fixed platform in vertical plane. In this paper, a numerical study using modified Morison equation was carried out in the time domain to investigate the influence of nonlinearities due to hydrodynamic forces and the coupling effect between surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch and yaw degrees of freedom on the dynamic behavior of TLP's. The stiffness of the TLP was derived from a combination of hydrostatic restoring forces and restoring forces due to cables and the nonlinear equations of motion were solved utilizing Newmark's beta integration scheme. The effect of tethers length and wave characteristics such as wave period and wave height on the response of TLP's was evaluated. Only uni-directional waves in the surge direction was considered in the analysis. It was found that for short wave periods (i.e. 10 sec.), the surge response consisted of small amplitude oscillations about a displaced position that is significantly dependent on tether length, wave height; whereas for longer wave periods, the surge response showed high amplitude oscillations about that is significantly dependent on tether length.