• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.962-974
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• 2016

We are concerned with whether a vertically integrated broadband and content provider can unreasonably advantage itself over competing content providers, either by selling quality-of-service (QoS) to content providers at unreasonably high prices, or by refusing to provide access to QoS to competing content. We address this question by modeling the competition between one such vertically integrated provider and one over-the-top (OTT) content provider. The broadband provider decides whether to deploy QoS, and if so it also determines the QoS price if sold to either the OTT content provider or directly to users. We analytically determine when the broadband provider will sell QoS and when the OTT content provider or users will purchase QoS. We characterize the optimal QoS and video service prices. The Internet service provider (ISP)'s market share increases with the difference in the value of the two video services and decreases with the difference in the corresponding costs. Numerical results illustrate the effect of QoS price on content price, the variation of prices and profit with QoS price, and the variation of prices and market shares with the benefit of QoS. The ISP may sell QoS to users at a lower price than when QoS is sold to the OTT provider.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내 음원 시장의 주요 특징인 수직계열화의 시기별 유형과 이것이 음원 시장에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 했다. 콘텐츠와 유통이 수직 계열화된 현상은 해외에서 유례를 찾아볼 수 없으며, 수직계열화의 주체가 후방 시장에 대한 지배력을 전이시킬 목적과 의도의 여부에 따라 해당 현상에 규제가 필요하다는 점에서 충분히 논란을 야기할 수 있다. 분석결과 국내 음원 시장은 이통사 및 일부 대기업을 중심으로 수직계열화된 시장임을 파악할 수 있었다. 2000년 디지털 음원 시장의 활성화부터 최근의 스트리밍 시장에 이르기까지 시기별 음원 시장을 주도했던 주체는 이통사, 대기업, 제작사, 기획사 등 다양해지고 있으며, 콘텐츠와 유통, 소비 단계에 걸쳐 계열사 및 특수관계사를 통해 수직계열화된 대기업이나 이통사가 음원 시장을 선도하는 것으로 나타났다. 이통사는 자사 플랫폼과 네트워크를 활용해서 제공한 다양한 결합서비스와 부가서비스, 요금 제도를 통해 국내 음원 시장에 주류 서비스로 자리매김했으며, CJ 등 콘텐츠 계열 대기업은 자사 콘텐츠 기획 제작력, 유통망 확보 등을 통해 온 오프라인 시장에서 막대한 영향력을 행사하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 현상은 인터넷 서비스 시장의 특성상 시장 지배력을 보유한 ISP 사업자나 콘텐츠 계열 대기업이 CP 시장에 지배력을 전이하는 행위로 파악할 수 있다.

• 문화경제연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.105-128
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• 2017

본 논문은 한국 영화시장을 중심으로 '흥행의 스크린 탄력성'을 배급사 그룹별로 비교하고, 이를 통해 영화의 상영 스크린 배분에 있어서 배급사간 유의한 차이가 있는지를 실증적으로 파악하고자 한다. 2014~2015년 동안 한국 영화시장에서 개봉한 전국관객 수 100만 명 이상의 흥행영화 94편의 주차별(weekly) 흥행 성적 및 스크린 수 등의 자료를 사용하여 패널분석을 실시하였고, 추정에는 설명변수의 내생성을 고려한 하우스만-테일러 추정량을 사용하였다. 분석결과, 헐리우드 직배사(워너브라더스 등), 수직결합 배급사(CJ E&M, 롯데엔터테인먼트), 비수직결합 국내 배급사(쇼박스, NEW)순으로 영화의 스크린 탄력성이 작게 나타났다. 이는 직배사와 수직결합 배급사 영화의 경우 상대적으로 관객 수 대비 더 많은 스크린에서 상영됨을 의미한다. 분석 기간 동안 배급사의 흥행성과가 헐리우드 직배사, 수직결합 배급사, 비수직결합 국내 배급사 순으로 높았다는 점을 고려할 때 이러한 결과는 배급사의 흥행 스크린 탄력성이 흥행성과로 표현되는 배급사의 시장성과와 관련 있음을 시사한다. 즉, 전반적인 시장성과가 좋은 배급사 영화일수록 관객 수 대비 더 많은 스크린에서 상영될 가능성이 높아진다. 수직결합 배급사의 경우, 스크린 탄력성이 더 작게 나타나는 배경이 계열 극장을 가지고 있다는 조직적 특성 보다는 시장성과가 비수직결합 배급사에 비해 더 좋았다는 점과 관련 있을 가능성이 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.258-260
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• 2007

MAS based market simulator has attracted the attentions of people who are interested in using or developing electricity market simulator. MAS based approach makes it possible to model each market participant's strategic behaviors. Traditional market simulators have used optimization formulation to model market operation, which has been used since vertically integrated system. Optimization mainly uses cost minimization or welfare maximization of entire system. Therefore it is somehow difficult to model the independently strategic behaviors of market participants. MAS is one of AI technology based on distributed intelligence which makes it possible to model independently acting entities in competitive market. This paper proposes the method to model strategic participants in electricity market based on MAS.

• 문화경제연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.3-20
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국 영화산업의 수직계열화 구조와 배급 및 상영시장의 집중도를 파악하고, 이 두 범주 간의 상호연관성에 대한 통합적인 맥락을 제시하고자 하였다. 한국영화 배급 및 상영시장의 집중성은 규모의 경제를 추구하고 수요의 불확실성을 방어하기 위한 산업 논리의 결과이다. 메이저 배급사는 대작영화에 자원을 집중하고 공급량을 조절함으로써 흥행위험을 방어하려는 경향이 강해지고 있으며, 최대한 많은 스크린을 확보하려는 배급 경쟁에 의해 멀티플렉스 체인의 협상력은 강화되고 있다. 수직결합 기업의 멀티플렉스는 계열관계에 따라 각 배급사의 영화에 차별적인 좌석수를 배정하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 수직계열화 기업마다 차별의 정도는 차이가 있으며, 상영 스크린수가 증가할수록 관객의 좌석점유율도 증가하고 있어서, 상영관이 계열관계에 따라 비합리적인 선택을 한다고 보기에는 무리가 있다. 따라서 수직결합구조가 스크린 독과점과 양극화의 원인이라는 일반화하기는 어려우며 유통시장의 집중성을 완화하고 중소영화를 지원하는 정책 방향이 요구된다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.553-581
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• 2014

This paper analyzes competition among service stations in the Korean gasoline market. We consider spatial differentiation as a source of product differentiation as well as the characteristics of the stations and vertical contracts between refiners and retailers as factors causing changes in equilibrium prices in the Korean gasoline retail market. The effect of the government's price disclosure policy on the retail market competition is also analyzed. Moran's I test indicates that the prices of neighboring gas stations are spatially correlated in the market. It is also found that gasoline prices for vertically integrated stations are much lower than those for independent stations. In addition, unbranded stations charge lower prices than branded stations but also induce branded stations to price more competitively. Meanwhile, the government's price disclosure policy did intensify price competition in the retail gasoline market. It is inferred that the price disclosure policy contributed to retailers gaining more bargain power in price negotiation with refiners, causing an eventual increase in retail prices.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.108-111
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• 2001

The electric power industries in Korea are launched into deregulation by introducing the CBP(Cost Based Pool), where generation sector of KEPCO was divided into six generation companies and the other sectors of KEPCO remains vertically integrated system. In deregulated market, participants are concerned with maximization of their profit rather than minimization of system-wide costs. Consequently, there are difficulties in applying the cost minimization for the scheduling of generation resources to CBP, because of the operation of pumped-storage hydroplants. This paper presents an operation method of pumped storage hydroplants which is helpful for the economic operation of power system considering the market in the CBP.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate how three factors--designer's capability, product market strategy, and product organization--supposed to determine the design process are related to each other. These factors influence Korean knitwear companies' market performances. For this purpose, we did not only library research on relevant theories such as the transaction cost economics but also empirical research largely based on a questionnaire. The respondents of the questionnaire were 59 designers, merchandisers(MDs), and top managers of knitwear companies located in Seoul. We analyzed the collected questionnaire data by using such statistical tools as χ²-test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Findings of this study were as follows. While there was a significant relation between organization form and designer's capability, no significant difference in designer's capability was found between trust enhanced network and unenhanced network. No significant relation was found between organization form and product market strategy, in discordance with Carney's arguments. Also, it appeared that there was no significant relationship between knitwear companies' product market strategies and their designers' capabilities.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1495-1506
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to investigate the formation and the change of apparel retail structure historically with the viewpoint that the retail structure is affected by the process of economic development. This study was done by literature research method and the result of this study is the following. The tailor and seamstress shops, the first clothing shops in Korea, were replaced by ready-made shops, because mass production system which had developed with the industrialization of Korea increased the advantage of economy of scale compared to handicrafts individual one. After that, the production system of apparel industry had been efficient continuously, while retail system had not. The retailing of famous brand apparel conducted by exclusive franchise store caused supplier oriented markets where the opinion and the desire of consumers were not reflected. While the retailing of the unknown brand apparel handled by small retail stores were inefficient. As the apparel industry matured in 1990s, various types of new stores appeared such as specialty stores, discount stores, TV home shopping, internet shopping, outlet malls, and big fashion stores in Dongdeamoon. These new stores have features of seeking profits in mass merchandising. As these large retail stores grow, the apparel retail structure of Korea is changing from a fragmented market to a vertically integrated one. This change is shown by the decrease of stores per inhabitants. With the change of environment, the apparel retail system which has lagged behind comparatively is expected to develop into more efficient system based on the large capital investment which raise the advantage of economy of scale.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제3A권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2003

The economic operation of a utility in a deregulated environment brings about optimization problems different from those in vertically integrated one［1］. While each utility operates its own generation capacity to maximize profit, the market operator (or system operator) manages and allocates all the system resources and facilities to achieve the maximum social welfare. This paper presents a sequential application of non-cooperative and cooperative game theories in analyzing the entire power transaction process.