• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.617-629
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• 2020

기후변화와 지구환경변화에 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 해수면온도는 인공위성 적외선 센서가 관측하는 피층 수온과 측기들이 관측하는 표층 수온으로 나누어질 수 있다. 국외 여러 기관에서 보급되고 있는 해수면온도 관측 자료들은 각각 서로 다른 깊이의 수온을 나타내고 있어서 해양 피층과 표층 수온 사이의 관계를 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 적외선 라디오미터를 해양조사선에 장착하기 위한 시스템을 설계하고 부착하고 운용하여 국내에서 처음으로 해양 피층 수온을 산출할 수 있는 관측 환경을 구축하였다. 선박 관측 전에 실험실에서 라디오미터 기기의 검보정을 실시하여 보정 계수를 산출하였다. 관측된 해수면에서 방출된 복사에너지와 하늘 복사에너지를 피층 수온으로 산출하는 일련의 과정을 적용하였다. 산출된 피층 해수면온도를 현장 관측 표층 수온자료와 비교하여 표층과 피층 수온 차이를 정량적으로 조사하고자 하였으며, Himawari-8 정지궤도 위성 해수면온도 자료와의 비교를 통해 해양 상층 연직구조의 특성을 이해하고자 하였다. 2020년 4월 21일부터 5월 6일까지 남해안의 장목항과 동해 남부를 관측한 해양 피층 수온은 전체적으로 표층 수온과 0.76℃ 정도의 차이를 보였다. 또한 이 두 수온 차이의 평균제곱근오차는 약 0.6℃에서 0.9℃까지의 일간변화를 가지고 있었으며, 하루 중 1-3시에 0.83-0.89℃로 가장 크게 나타났으며, 15시에 0.59℃로 최소의 차이를 가지고 있었다. 또한 편차도 0.47-0.75℃의 일간변화를 나타내었다. 해양 피층 관측 수온과 위성 해수면 온도 간 차이는 약 0.74℃의 평균제곱근오차, 0.37℃의 편차를 나타냈다. 본 연구의 분석을 통해 관측 수심에 따른 피층-표층 수온의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 피층-표층 수온 차의 계절적 변화를 정량적으로 이해하고 또 변동 요인과의 관련성을 연구하기 위하여 연구조사선을 이용한 추가적인 연안 및 대양 관측이 지속적으로 진행되어야 함을 시사한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.859-871
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 염분과 온도차에 의한 밀도류를 해석하기 위하여 기존의 3차원 파동장 모델(LES-WASS-3D ver. 1.0)을 토대로 염분과 온도에 관한 상태방정식 및 3차원 이류-확산 방정식을 도입하여 새로운 수치모델(LES-WASS-3D ver. 2.0)을 개발하였다. 새롭게 개발한 수치모델의 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 기존의 수리모형실험결과와 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 이류-확산하는 해수의 형태 및 연직 염분농도 뿐만 아니라 방출하는 온수의 유속 및 온도를 매우 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 이로써 본 연구에서 개발한 수치모델의 타당성 및 유효성이 검증되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.392-404
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• 2020

The focus of this study was to quantify the thermal stratification and analyze the relationship between the stratification structure and the tributaries to understand flow variations in the Paldang Reservoir. The vertical distribution of the temperature and density gradients, and the depth and thickness of the thermocline were quantitatively calculated using a lake physics tool (rLakeAnalyzer) and high-frequency monitoring data. Based on a density gradient of 0.2 kg/㎥/m, the thermocline was formed from mid-May to early-September 2019 and the other periods were weakly stratified or mixed. The thickness of the thermocline was developed until 4.7 m and the depth of the thermocline was formed at a depth of 3 - 6 m at the front of the Paldang Reservoir. During the formation of the thermocline, the Namhangang and Gyeongancheon tributaries with relatively high water temperature (low-density) flowed into the upper layer of the reservoir, and the Bukhangang tributary with low water temperature (high-density) mainly affected the lower layer of the reservoir. This is because the density currents were formed due to the difference in the water temperature of the tributaries. The findings of this study may be used for constructing high-frequency monitoring and quantitative data analyses of reservoirs.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.725-733
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 Raju등의 연구의 확장으로 일정한 온도로 유지되는 경사진 평 판에 대하여 혼합대류 전 영역에 유효한 부력계수(.xi.)로서 (1+Gr$^{2}$$_{x}$cos.gamma./ Re$^{4}$$_{x}$)$_{-1}$를 적용하여 비상사 경계층 방정식을 유도하였다. 또한 적분 형 경계조건을 가진 편미분 경계층방정식을 유한차분법으로 Keller와 Cebeci의 Box scheme을 6차로 적용하여 수치해석하였다. 부력계수가 큰 영역에서 Mucoglu등의 해 석적 연구결과는 일정한 온도와 45˚의 경사를 유지하는 평판에 대한 Ramachandran의 실험적 연구결과와 약 10%정도 벗어난다. 이에 Ramachandran의 실험적 연구를 해석 적으로 재고찰하였다.하였다.

• 대기
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2016

Heavy rainfall (over $80mm\;hr^{-1}$) system associated with unstable atmospheric conditions occurred over the Seoul metropolitan area on 27 July 2011. To investigate the heavy rainfall system, we used three-dimensional data from Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS) reanalysis data and analysed the structure of the precipitation system, kinematic characteristics, thermodynamic properties, and Meteorological condition. The existence of Upper-Level Jet (ULJ) and Low-Level Jet (LLJ) are accelerated the heavy rainfall. Convective cloud developed when a strong southwesterly LLJ and strong moisture convergence occurring around the time of the heavy rainfall is consistent with the results of previous studies on such continuous production. Environmental conditions included high equivalent potential temperature of over 355 K at low levels, and low equivalent potential temperature of under 330 K at middle levels, causing vertical instability. The tip of the band shaped precipitation system was made up of line-shaped convective systems (LSCSs) that caused flooding and landslides, and the LSCSs were continuously enhanced by merging between new cells and the pre-existing cell. Difference of wind direction between low and middle levels has also been considered an important factor favouring the occurrence of precipitation systems similar to LSCSs. Development of LSCs from the wind direction difference at heights of the severe precipitation occurrence area was also identified. This study can contribute to the identification of production and development mechanisms of heavy rainfall and can be used in applied research for prediction of severe weather.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1982

유한요소법에 의한 고체내부 사각열원 주위 열전도특성은 실험에서 구한 결과와 거의 일치하였으며 열전도특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사각열원의 중심거리 이동에 따른 열전도에 미치는 중심방향의 영향은 열원 사이의 거리가 가까울수록 낮은 온도분포를 보이며 x=16cm 일 때 model 4에서 $\theta$=0.698 model 3에서는 $\theta$=0.401이다. 그리고 내부로 감에 따라 그 차는 감소한다. x=40cm에서 model 4은 $\theta$=0.907이고 model 6은 $\theta$=0.895이다. 2. 높이방향의 영향은 공기와 접하므로 대류현상이 일어나므로 열원의 크기를 벗어나는 구역은 model 1~3에서는 y=8~12cm model 4~6에서는 y=4~8cm이다. 그리고 두 곳의 온도의 차는 $\theta$≒0.009이다. 3. 열전도도의 변화에 따른 열전도의 영향은 그 값이 클수록 강하게 나타나며 model 2에 대해서 높이 방향의 전 경계에 대한 무차원온도의 변동은 k=7 일 때 $\theta$=0.079~0.054 k=0.3일 때 $\theta$=0.0036~0.0025의 값을 나타낸다

• 대기
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2018

In this study, the accuracy of ocean analysis data, which are produced from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean/Variational Data Assimilation (NEMO/NEMOVAR, hereafter NEMO) system and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model/Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM/NCODA, hereafter HYCOM) system, was evaluated using various oceanic observation data from March 2015 to February 2016. The evaluation was made for oceanic thermal environments in the tropical Pacific, the western North Pacific, and the Korean peninsula. NEMO generally outperformed HYCOM in the three regions. Particularly, in the tropical Pacific, the RMSEs (Root Mean Square Errors) of NEMO for both the sea surface temperature and vertical water temperature profile were about 50% smaller than those of HYCOM. In the western North Pacific, in which the observational data were not used for data assimilation, the RMSE of NEMO profiles up to 1000 m ($0.49^{\circ}C$) was much lower than that of HYCOM ($0.73^{\circ}C$). Around the Korean peninsula, the difference in RMSE between the two models was small (NEMO, $0.61^{\circ}C$; HYCOM, $0.72^{\circ}C$), in which their errors show relatively big in the winter and small in the summer. The differences reported here in the accuracy between NEMO and HYCOM for the thermal environments may be attributed to horizontal and vertical resolutions of the models, vertical coordinate and mixing scheme, data quality control system, data used for data assimilation, and atmosphere forcing. The present results can be used as a basic data to evaluate the accuracy of NEMO, before it becomes the operational model of the KMA providing real-time ocean analysis and prediction data.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 The 9th KACG Technical Annual Meeting and the 3rd Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.522-522
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• 1996

An investigation of the effects of transverse magnetic field and Peltier effect on melt convection and macrosegregation in vertical Bridgman crystal grosth of Te doped InSb was been carried out by means of microstructure observation, Hall measurement, electrical resistivity measurement and X-ray analysis. Before the experiments, Interface stability, convective instability and suppression of convection by magnetic field were calculated theoretically. After doping 1018, 1019 cm-3 Te in InSb, the temperature of Bridgman furnace was set up at $650^{\circ}C$. The samples were grown in I.D. 11mm, 100mm high quartz tube. The velocity of growth was about 2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/sec. In order to obtain the suppression of convection by magnetic field in the middle of growth, 2-4KG magnetic field was set on the melt. For searching of the shape of solid-liquid interface and the actual velocity of crystal growth, let 2A current flow from solid to liquid for 1second every 50seconds repeatedly (Peltier effect). The grown InSb was polycrystal, and each grain was very sharp. There was no much difference between the sample with and without magnetic field at a point of view of microstructure. For the sample with Peltier effect, the Peltier marks(striation) were observed regularly as expected. Through these marks, it was found that the solid-liquid interface was flat and the actual growth velocity was about 1-2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/sec. On the ground of theoretical calculation, there is thermosolutal convection in the Te doped InSb melt without magnetic field in this growth condition. and if there is more than 1KG magnetic field, the convection is suppressed. Through this experiments, the effective distribution coefficients, koff, were 0.35 in the case of no magnetic field, and 0.45 when the magnetic field is 2KG, 0.7 at 4KG. It was found that the more magnetic field was applied, the more convection was suppressed. But there was some difference between the theoretical calculation and the experiment, the cause of the difference was thought due to the use of some approximated values in theoretical calculation. In addition to these results, the sample with Peltier effect showed unexpected result about the Te distribution in InSb. It looked like no convection and no macrosegregation. It was thought that the unexpected behavior was due to Peltier mark. that is, when the strong current flew the growing sample, the mark was formed by catching Te. As a result of the phenomena, the more Te containing thin layer was made. The layer ruled the Hall measurement. The values of resistivity and mobility of these samples were just a little than those of other reference. It was thought that the reason of this result was that these samples were due to polycrystal, that is, grain boundaries had an influence on this result.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Relatively being economical in installation and easy in operation, hot-air heating system has been generally used in greenhouse for heating system regardless of high cost in maintenance and uneven distribution of air temperature. Therefore to overcome the disadvantages in maintenance and in distribution of air temperature and to improve efficiency of heating system, this experimental study is performed. This experimental study aims to improve the character of uneven temperature distribution in vertical direction and to reduce energy consumption for heating in a greenhouse. The experiment had been performed to investigate change of thermal environment and effects on reducing energy consumption for heating in greenhouse by additional surface insulation and reduction of indoor-air volume that come by installing transparent vinyl membranes with different height in each house. The results show that there is a wide difference in oil-energy consumption between houses according to condition of surface insulation and change of indoor-air volume. Furthermore, the results show that the efficiency of dual surface is higher than that of change of indoor-air volume in terms of energy saving.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.498-505
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 Living Concrete의 품질특성 평가결과 유동성은 황토 혼합율 증가에 따라 테이블 플로우가 감소하는 경향이 나타났으며, 압축강도는 황토 혼합율 증가에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 경량화를 위하여 밀도 특성 평가를 실시하였으며, 비교군으로 시멘트를 사용한 패널과 비교한 결과 시멘트 패널의 밀도에 비해 약 20 % 낮은 밀도가 측정되어 하중에 영향을 적게 받아 구조물에 설치가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 패널온도 저감성을 평가한 결과 시간에 따른 온도 저감의 차이가 나타났으며, 이끼가 착근된 패널이 이끼가 착근되지 않은 패널보다 온도의 저감이 나타나 수직형 녹화시스템에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.