• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.195-208
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• 2023

The nodular diaphragm wall (NDW) is a novel type of foundation with favorable engineering characteristics, which has already been utilized in high-rise buildings and high-speed railways. Compared to traditional diaphragm walls, the NDW offers significantly improved vertical bearing capacity due to the presence of nodular parts while reducing construction time and excavation work. Despite its potential, research on the vertical bearing characteristics of NDW requires further study, and the investigation and visualization of its displacement pattern and failure mode are scant. Meanwhile, the measurement of the force component acting on the nodular parts remains challenging. In this paper, the vertical bearing characteristics of NDW are studied in detail through the indoor model test, and the displacement and failure mode of the foundation is analyzed using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology. The principles and methods for monitoring the force acting on the nodular parts are described in detail. The research results show that the nodular part plays an essential role in the bearing capacity of the NDW, and its maximum load-bearing ratio can reach 30.92%. The existence of the bottom nodular part contributes more to the bearing capacity of the foundation compared to the middle nodular part, and the use of both middle and bottom nodular parts increases the bearing capacity of the foundation by about 9~12% compared to a single nodular part of the NDW. The increase in the number of nodular parts cannot produce a simple superposition effect on the resistance born by the nodular parts since the nodular parts have an insignificant influence on the exertion and distribution of the skin friction of NDW. The existence of the nodular part changes the displacement field of the soil around NDW and increases the displacement influence range of the foundation to a certain extent. For NDWs with three different nodal arrangements, the failure modes of the foundations appear to be local shear failures. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the performance and behavior of NDWs, which will aid in their effective utilization and further research in the field.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 RC 기둥-기초 접합부분을 중공형 및 확장형 강재 Base Plate로 보강한 실험체에 대한 하중 재하 실험을 실시하여, 강재 Base Plate가 부착된 RC 기둥-기초에서의 뚫림전단에 대한 보강효과를 정량화 하기 위한 구조해석 및 기초적 실험 연구를 수행하였다. 실험은 각 실험체별 부착된 Base Plate의 두께, 내민길이, 치수, 형식 등의 변수에 따라 수행하였으며 실험을 통하여 응력분산에 적합한 적정 Base Plate의 모양 및 치수를 확인하였고, 보강효과에 대하여 분석하였다. 실험을 통해 Base Plate가 기초에 전해지는 수직하중의 응력분산에 효과적이었으며 폐쇄형보다 중공형 보강이 효율적인 것을 확인하였다. 보강을 통해 변위연성 능력의 향상으로 기존의 기초두께보다 두께가 감소한 실험체에서도 기존보다 높은 성능을 나타냈다. 보강 후의 실험체로부터 구조물의 거동특성을 취성으로부터 연성으로 유도 할 수 있었으며, 실험체를 파괴시까지 가력함으로써 파괴시 보강 전, 후에 대한 균열 및 파괴양상을 확인 하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.896-905
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 이동통신 기지국 안테나로 활용하기 위한 구형 빔 패턴을 갖는 평면 배열 안테나 설계 및 제작 그리고 실험에 대하여 기술하였다. 원하는 구형 빔 패턴을 형성하기 위해 종래에 많이 사용하던 sin(x)/x 전류 분포를 사용하지 않고 급전 회로망의 설계 제작이 용이한 진폭과 위상 성분의 전류 분포로 최적화하였다. 본 논문에서 설계하는 평면 배열 안테나는 직사각형 격자 배열 구조를 가지며, 16${\times}$8 배열 소자로 구성된다. 각 방사 소자는 선형 수직 편파와 동축 여기 구조를 갖는 단일 마이크로스트립 소자이며, 월킨슨 전력 분배기와 180$^{\circ}$ 링 하이브리드 결합기를 기본 소자로 하는 급전 회로망이 설계된다. 평면 배열 안테나는 방위각 방향으로 는 0.55 λ$_{ο}$의 소자 간격을 갖는 16 배열 소자에 의해 90$^{\circ}$ 구형 빔 패턴을 형성하고, 양각 방향으로는 0.65 λ$_{ο}$의 소자 간격을 갖는 8 배열 소자에 의해 $10^{\circ}$의 일반적인 정형 빔 패턴을 형성한다. 또한, 16${\times}$8 배열 안테나는 좌우 상하 대칭적으로 네 부분으로 나뉘어져 있으며, 128개의 방사 소자, 32개의 1-4 행 분배기, 4개의 1-8 열 분배기 그리고 1개의 1-4 입력 전력 분배기로 구성된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 평면 배열 안테나 구조의 전기적인 특성을 검증하기 위하여 1.92～2.17 GHz(IMT2000 대역)에서 동작하는 평면 배열 안테나 실험 시제품을 제작하였으며, 실험 측정 성능들은 시뮬레이션 성능들과 매우 유사함을 보여 주었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.226-237
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• 2004

Purpose: Four finite element models were constructed in the mandible having a single implant fixture connected to the first premolar-shaped superstructure, in order to evaluate how the shape of the fixture and the implant-abutment connection would influence the stress level of the supporting tissues fixtures, and prosthethic components. Material and methods : The superstructures were constructed using UCLA type abutment, ADA type III gold alloy was used to fabricate a crown and then connected to the fixture with an abutment screw. The models BRA, END , FRI, ITI were constructed from the mandible implanted with Branemark, Endopore, Frialit-2, I.T.I. systems respectively. In each model, 150 N of vertical load was placed on the central pit of an occlusal plane and 150 N of $40^{\circ}$ oblique load was placed on the buccal cusp. The displacement and stress distribution in the supporting tissues and the other components were analysed using a 2-dimensional finite element analysis . The maximum stress in each reference area was compared. Results : 1. Under $40^{\circ}$ oblique loading, the maximum stress was larger in the implant, superstructure and supporting tissue, compared to the stress pattern under vertical loading. 2. In the implant, prosthesis and supporting tissue, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 3. In the superstructure and implant/abutment interface, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 4. In the implant fixture, the maximum stress was smaller with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) when compared to that of the external connection type (BRA & END). 5 The stress was more evenly distributed in the bone/implant interface through the FRI of trapezoidal step design. Especially Under $40^{\circ}$ oblique loading, The maximum stress was smallest in the bone/implant interface. 6. In the implant and superstructure and supporting tissue, the maximum stress occured at the crown loading point through the ITI. Conclusion: The stress distribution of the supporting tissue was affected by shape of a fixture and implant-abutment connection. The magnitude of maximum stress was reduced with the internal connection type (FRI) and the morse taper type (ITI) in the implant, prosthesis and supporting tissue. Trapezoidal step design of FRI showed evenly distributed the stress at the bone/implant interface.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2002

Seven finite element models were constructed in mandible having single screw-type implant fixture connected to the premolar superstructure, in order to evaluate how the length, diameter and platform shape of a screw-type fixture influence the stress in the supporting tissue around fixtures. Each finite element model was varied in terms of length, diameter, and platform shape of the fixture. In each model, 250N of vertical load was placed on the central pit of an occlusal plane and 250N of oblique load placed on the buccal cusp. The stress distribution in the supporting tissue and the other components was analysed using 2-dimensional finite element analysis and the maximum von Mises stress in each reference area was compared. Under lateral loading, the stress was larger at the abutment/fixture interface, and in the crestal bone, compared to the stress pattern under vertical loading. The amount of stress at the superstructure was similar regardless of the length, diameter and platform shape of a fixture. Around the longer fixture, the stress was decreased at the bone crest and subjacent cancellous bone and increased in the cancellous bone area apical to the fixture. Around the wider fixture, the stress was decreased at the abutment/fixture interface, and the bone crest and increased in the cancellous bone area apical to the fixture. Around the fixture having wider platform, less stress was produced at the abutment/fixture interface and the upper part of the cortical bone, compared to the fixture having standard platform. In conclusion, the stress distribution of the supporting tissue was affected by length, diameter, and platform shape of a fixture, and the fixture which was larger in diameter and length could reduce the stress in the supporting tissues at the bone-fixture interface and bone crest area.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.333-352
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• 2013

본 논문은 한 중 FTA로 농수산업의 피해가 가장 클 것으로 예상되는 전남의 농수산업에 대해 무역경쟁력을 분석하고 경쟁력 강화 방안을 제시하였다. 무역경쟁력 분석 결과 채소와 과일류에서는 수출특화, 식품가공품에서는 수입특화가 이루어지고 있었다. 중국 수입시장에서 전남의 해조류, 과실 견과류, 효모 등이 경쟁력 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전남의 대부분의 농수산업 품목에서 고품질 상품을 수출하고 저품질 상품을 수입하는 고품질 산업내 무역이 이루어지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 농업부문과 수산업부문의 생산체제의 혁신, 유통현대화, 부가가치 극대화, 한 중 간 협력 체계 구축 측면에서 경쟁력 강화 방안을 제시하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2012

앵커두부에서의 많은 문제점들은 앵커두부가 외부에 노출되어 풍화에 직접적인 영향을 받고, 진동이나 외력에 의해 물리적인 변형과 손상을 많이 받기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 수압판 방식의 파괴원인을 분석하여 앵커두부에서 발생하는 문제점 해결을 위해 앵커두부의 지표면 근입방식을 제시하였다. 앵커두부처리 방식의 안정성을 기존방식과 비교, 검토하기 위하여 범용해석프로그램인 ABAQUS로 3차원 정밀 수치해석을 수행하여 하중조건에 따른 변위 및 응력분포양상을 분석하였고, 현장 적용성 검증을 위한 시험시공과 계측을 통해 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 수치해석 결과는 최대수직응력이 9.73 MPa, 수직변위가 1.34 mm로 나타났고, 현장시험을 통하여 콘크리트 수압판의 변위가 근입형 지압판에 비해 3~4배의 큰 변위량을 보인다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1363-1386
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• 2015

The October 23 2011 Van Earthquake is studied from an earthquake engineering point of view. Strong ground motion processing was performed to investigate features of the earthquake source, forward directivity effects during the rupture process as well as local site effects. Strong motion characteristics were investigated in terms of peak ground motion and spectral acceleration values. Directiviy effects were discussed in detail via elastic response spectra and wide band spectograms to see the high frequency energy distributions. Source parameters and slip distribution results of the earthquake which had been proposed by different researchers were summarized. Influence of the source parameters on structural response were shown by comparing elastic response spectra of Muradiye synthetic records which were performed by broadband strong motion simulations of the earthquake. It has been emphasized that characteristics of the earthquake rupture dynamics and their effects on structural design might be investigated from a multidisciplinary point of view. Seismotectonic calculations (e.g., slip pattern, rupture velocity) may be extended relating different engineering parameters (e.g., interstorey drifts, spectral accelerations) across different disciplines while using code based seismic design approaches. Current state of the art building codes still far from fully reflecting earthquake source related parameters into design rules. Some of those deficiencies and recent efforts to overcome these problems were also mentioned. Next generation ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) may be incorporated with certain site categories for site effects. Likewise in the 2011 Van Earthquake, Reverse/Oblique earthquakes indicate that GMPEs need to be feasible to a wider range of magnitudes and distances in engineering practice. Due to the reverse faulting with large slip and dip angles, vertical displacements along with directivity and fault normal effects might significantly affect the engineering structures. Main reason of excessive damage in the town of Erciş can be attributed to these factors. Such effects should be considered in advance through the establishment of vertical design spectra and effects might be incorporated in the available GMPEs.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.303-316
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to analysis the stress distribution induced by three unit PFM bridges and various cantilever bridges replacing maxillary latersal incisor. The simplified two-dimensional photoelastic models used for this study was contructed in the folio- wing way. CR/R ratio was designed to be 1 : 1, 1 : 1.25 and 1 : 1.5. The pontics of cantilever bridge supported by maxillary canines consisted of wrap-around type, rest-extension type, and simple type. 3-unit PFM bridge was constructed with traditional method. 1kg vertical static load was applied on the center of the incisal edge of the pontic. The stress pattern was examined and recorded by photography. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The magnitude of stress on the abutment root apex area of a traditional 3-unit bridge was the lowest. 2. The model of cantilevered pontic with a rest showed the relatively well distributed stress around the abutment tooth. The model with simple pontic generated the greatest stress concentration in the supporting structure of the abutment tooth. 3. As the height of bone level reduced, the rotational and vertical force increased around the abutment tooth. 4. The stress concentration of the 3-unit bridges occured on the root apex and stress concentration of the cantilever briage occured on the root apex and cervix area, 5. In the case of the cantilever bridge, stress concentrated distally on the root apex area of the abutment tooth and additional stress was observed mesially on the upper part of the root. Especially in the case of the simple pontic, was phenomenon was more apparent than the others. 6. Force applied to cantilevered pontic was transmitted to the adjacent central incisor through the contact surface. Stress was markedly observed on the mesial cervix area in the case of simple pontic and on the root apex area in the case of wrap-around type and rest-extension type.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권5호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2000

본 연구는 토양 특성이 다른 30-40년생 독일가문비나무(Picea abies [L.] KARST) 임분에서 토양 깊이에 따른 뿌리구조 분석을 통하여 뿌리 발달의 차이점과 토양 상태의 상호관계 및 외부 형태적 특징 그리고 기계적 물리적 안정성에 대한 적응범위를 밝히고자 실시하였다. 조사된 3개 임분에 있어서 독일가문비나무의 뿌리구조는 다양한 형태로 관찰되었는데, Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분은 뿌리수가 많고 가늘며 토양 깊이까지 발달한 뿌리구조를 보였으며, Barbis 임분은 Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분에 비하여 그 수가 적으나 굵고 깊이까지 자라는 뿌리구조를 나타내었다. 그리고 Weidenbrunnen 임분은 반 수직 뿌리와 편평/접시형 뿌리구조를 나타내었다. 뿌리의 수는 Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분이 74개로 가장 많은 뿌리 수를 보여주었으며, Barbis 임분은 33개, Weidenbrunnen 임분은 57개이었다. Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분은 수직뿌리에서 평균 57개로 Barbis 임분이 21개이고, Weidenbrunnen 임분 36개에 비하여 월등히 많은 뿌리의 수를 나타내었다. 뿌리의 길이는 Weidenbrunnen 염분이 전체 뿌리길이가 다른 두 임분에 비하여 길게 나타났으며, 수형뿌리의 길이는 수직뿌리에 비하여 그 값이 107m로 매우 큰 값을 나타내었다. 수직뿌리에 대한 수평뿌리의 비는 Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분이 다른 두 임분(0.5)에 비하여 그 값이 1.2로 높게 나타났다. 전체 뿌리무게는 다른 두 임분에 비하여 Weidenbrunnen 임분이 매우 높은 값을 보여 주였으며, 수명뿌리에 대한 수직뿌리의 비는 0.16으로 다른 두 임분(0.40)에 비해 매우 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 독일가문비나무 임분에서 나타난 뿌리 발달의 현저한 차이점은 토양의 기계적 물리적 요인보다는 토양 산성화와 같은 화학적인 요인으로 인하여 정상적인 뿌리의 발달이 장애를 받아 수직뿌리생장이 저하되고 수분과 영양분의 스트레스로 언하여 상대적으로 수평뿌리가 발달된 결과로 사료된다.