• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권5호
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• pp.487-500
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• 2020

Stiffeners can be utilised to enhance the strength of thin-walled wind turbine towers in engineering practise, thus, structural performance of wind turbine towers by means of different stiffening schemes should be compared to explore the optimal structural enhancement method. In this paper two alternative stiffening methods, employing horizontal or vertical stiffeners, for steel tubular wind turbine towers have been studied. In particular, two groups of three wind turbine towers of 50m, 150m and 250m in height, stiffened by horizontal rings and vertical strips respectively, were analysed by using FEM software of ABAQUS. For each height level tower, the mass of the stiffening rings is equal to that of vertical stiffeners each other. The maximum von Mises stresses and horizontal sways of these towers with vertical stiffeners is compared with the corresponding ring-stiffened towers. A linear buckling analysis is conducted to study the buckling modes and critical buckling loads of the three height levels of tower. The buckling modes and eigenvalues of the 50m, 150m and 250m vertically stiffened towers were also compared with those of the horizontally stiffened towers. The numbers and central angles of the vertical stiffeners are considered as design variables to study the effect of vertical stiffeners on the structural performance of wind turbine towers. Following an extensive parametric study, these strengthening techniques were compared with each other and it is obtained that the use of vertical stiffeners is a more efficient approach to enhance the stability and strength of intermediate and high towers than the use of horizontal rings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2012

Finite element buckling analysis of insulated transition flue ducts is carried out to determine the critical buckling load multipliers when subjected to axial compression for design process. Through this investigation, the results of numerical computations to examine the buckling strength for different possible duct shapes (cylinder, and circular-to-square) are presented. The load multipliers are determined through detailed buckling analysis taking into account the effects of geometrical construction and duct plate thickness which have great influence on the buckling load. Enhancement in the buckling capacity of such ducts by the addition of horizontal and vertical stiffeners is also investigated. Several models with varying dimensions and plate thicknesses are examined to obtain the linear buckling capacities against duct dimensions. The percentage improvement in the buckling capacity due to the addition of vertical stiffeners and horizontal Stiffeners is shown to be as high as three times for some cases. The study suggests that the best location of the horizontal stiffener is at 0.25 of duct depth from the bottom to achieve the maximum buckling capacity. A design equation estimating the buckling strength of geometrically perfect cylindrical-to-square shell is developed by using regression analysis accurately with approximately 4% errors.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2002

This paper presents the tensile behavior of a Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular (CFT) column to H-beam welded connections. These connections were externally reinforced with T-shaped stiffeners at the junction of CFT column and beam. The tensile loading tests of eighteen tee-joint connections and finite element analysis using ANSYS were carried out. The main parameters of tests are as follows: 1) the thickness of Square Steel Tubular Column : 6 mm, 9 mm, 2) the strength ratios of tensile strength of horizontal stiffeners to tensile strength of beam flange : 70 %, 100 %, 150 %, 3) the strength ratios of shear strength of vertical stiffeners to tensile strength of beam flange : 80 %, 115 %, 160 %. The results of the tests demonstrate that overall behavior and failure modes of all the specimens are governed mainly by the horizontal stiffeners rather than the vertical stiffeners, and the vertical stiffener played only a role in transferring load introduced from beam to column.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2023

In piping systems, trapeze hangers are subjected to vertical and horizontal seismic loads and stiffeners are used. In this study, monotonic compression tests were conducted with the removable stiffeners using three variables: stiffener clamp fixing position, section length, and installation direction. The maximum load reinforced with stiffeners could withstand a compressive load of 11kN by applying a safety factor of 10%. It could be estimated that the fixing clamp spacing or the length of shape and load had a proportional relationship. And the stiffener must be fixed in the direction of the strong axis on hinge parts. Also the stiffener buckiling load design proposes to use a method of calculate the flexural buckling compressive strength of and unreinforced full threaded bolt.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.297-313
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• 2022

Composite steel plate shear wall (CSPSW) is a relatively novel structural system proposed to improve the performance of steel plate shear walls by adding one or two layers of concrete walls to the infill plate. In addition, the buckling of the infill steel plate has a significant negative effect on the shear strength and energy dissipation capacity of the overall systems. Accordingly, in this study, using the finite element (FE) method, the performance and behavior of composite steel shear walls using T-shaped stiffeners to prevent buckling of the infill steel plate and increase the capacity of CSPSW systems have been investigated. In this paper, after modeling composite steel plate shear walls with and without steel plates with finite element methods and calibration the models with experimental results, effects of parameters such as several stiffeners, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and a combination of T-shaped stiffeners located in the composite wall have been investigated on the ultimate capacity, web-plate buckling, von-Mises stress, and failure modes. The results showed that the arrangement of stiffeners has no significant effect on the capacity and performance of the CSPSW so that the use of vertical or horizontal stiffeners did not have a significant effect on the capacity and performance of the CSPSW. On the other hand, the use of diagonal hardeners has potentially affected the performance of CSPSWs, increasing the capacity of steel shear walls by up to 25%.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.183-201
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• 2016

Perforated steel beams can be optimised by increased beam depth and the moment of inertia combined with a reduced web thickness, favouring the use of original I-section beams. The designers are often confronted with situations where optimisation cannot be carried out effectively, taking account of the buckling risk at web posts, moment-shear transfers and local plastic deformations on the transverse holes of the openings. The purpose of this study is to suggest solutions for reducing these failure risks of tested optimal designed beams under applying loads in a self-reacting frame. The design method for the beams is the hunting search optimisation technique, and the design constraints are implemented from BS 5950 provisions. Therefore, I have aimed to explore the strengthening effects of reinforced openings with ring stiffeners, welded vertical simple plates on the web posts and horizontal plates around the openings on the ultimate load carrying capacities of optimally designed perforated steel beams. Test results have shown that compared to lateral stiffeners, ring and vertical stiffeners significantly increase the loadcarrying capacity of perforated steel beams.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2001

이 논문은 T-스티프너보강된 GFT기둥-H형강보 실대형 접합부의 거동을 나타낸다. 수직요소와 수평요소로 구성된 6개 실험체의 T-스트프너는 보의 전소성모멘트에 대한 강도비를 주요변수로 하여 제작되었다. 실험을 통하여 얻은 주요 내용은 강도, 강성과 소성회전능력이다. 모든 실험체는 대체로 안정된 이력거동을 나타내었으며, 특히 수평요소는 수직요소보다 강도와 강성에 더욱더 큰 영향을 준다. 보의 소성회전성능에 있어서, 조기에 파단한 TS-2를 제외한 실험체들의 평균 보소성회전각은 2.97% rad.이다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호통권69호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2004

기둥-보 약축 접합 디테일 개발을 위해서 접합부의 거동을 파악하는 것이 선행되어야한다. 약축 접합부의 형식에 따른 강축 접합부의 거동을 파악하기위하여 기존 브라켓타입 용접접합부의 각 요소들 즉 패널존, 수평스티프너의 유무 및 위치를 변수로 고려하였다. 본 연구에서는 접합부에 수평스티프너가 있는 경우는 접합부를 수직스티프너로 보강한 단순보로 치환하여 접합부의 내력을 산정하였으며, 수평스티프너가 없는 경우는 기둥플랜지의 국부휨강도, 기둥 웨브의 국부인장강도, 기둥 웨브의 크립플링강도 및 기둥웨브의 최대 좌굴강도를 고려한 내력 평가식을 사용하였고 이론해석결과와 실험결과를 비교 분석하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.601-613
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• 2007

연약지반에 보강토옹벽을 시공 시 거동에 영향을 주는 인자로 기본적인 물성뿐만 아니라 보강토옹벽에 의한 하중증가와 압밀기간, 간극수압 등의 영향을 받는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 보강토옹벽과 연약지반의 거동해석에 지반해석 프로그램인 SAGE CRISP를 이용하여 수행하였다. 첫 번째로 보강토옹벽의 과도변위를 개선하기 위한 치환공법의 거동 개선 효과를 검토하였으며, 두 번째로 치환공법을 적용 후 보강토옹벽의 배면에 보강재 수직설치간격이 지반의 거동에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 마지막으로 치환공법을 적용 시 적정 치환 폭과 깊이를 제안하고자 하였다. 치환공법이 보강토옹벽의 거동 개선에 상당한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 보강재 수직설치간격은 옹벽상단의 수평변위 개선효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 하단의 수평변위와 옹벽배면의 수직변위 개선효과는 미소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 치환폭의 증가에 따른 수평 수직변 개선효과는 크지 않은 것으로 나타나 치환폭의 증가는 불필요함을 알 수 있었으며, 적정 치환깊이는 연약층의 두께에 대한 옹벽높이의 비(H/T)에 따라 옹벽높이에 대한 치환깊이의 비(D/H)로 제안하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.793-803
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• 2019

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) beam-columns are widely used owing to their good performance. They have high strength, ductility, large energy absorption capacity and low costs. Externally stiffened CFST beam-columns are not used widely due to insufficient design equations that consider all parameters affecting their behavior. Therefore, effect of various parameters (global, local slenderness ratio and adding hoop stiffeners) on the behavior of CFST columns is studied. An experimental study that includes twenty seven specimens is conducted to determine the effect of those parameters. Load capacities, vertical deflections, vertical strains and horizontal strains are all recorded for every specimen. Ratio between outer diameter (D) of pipes and thickness (t) is chosen to avoid local buckling according to different limits set by codes for the maximum D/t ratio. The study includes two loading methods on composite sections: steel only and steel with concrete. The case of loading on steel only, occurs in the connection zone, while the other load case occurs in steel beam connecting externally with the steel column wall. Two failure mechanisms of CFST columns are observed: yielding and global buckling. At early loading stages, steel wall in composite specimens dilated more than concrete so no full bond was achieved which weakened strength and stiffness of specimens. Adding stiffeners to the specimens increases the ultimate load by up to 25% due to redistribution of stresses between stiffener and steel column wall. Finally, design equations previously prepared are verified and found to be only applicable for medium and long columns.