• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.541-563
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• 2014

This paper investigates the topographic effects on wind characteristics over hilly terrain, based on wind data recorded at a number of meteorological stations in or near complex terrain. The multiply data sources allow a more detailed investigation of the flow field than is normally possible. Vertical profiles of mean and turbulent wind components from a Sodar profiler were presented and then modeled as functions of height and wind speed. The correlations between longitudinal and vertical wind components were discussed. The phenomena of flow separation and generation of vortices were observed. The distance-dependence of the topographic effects on gust factors was revealed subsequently. Furthermore, the canyon effect was identified and discussed based on the observations of wind at a saddle point between two mountain peaks. This study aims to further understanding of the characteristics of surface wind over rugged terrain. The presented results are expected to be useful for structural design, prevention of pollutant dispersion, and validation of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) models or techniques over complex terrains.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

In this study, the status of global advanced air mobility (AAM) was investigated to derive information and communications technologies (ICTs) that should be prepared according to directions of domestic AAM development. AAM is an urban air traffic system for moving from city to city by electric vertical take-off and landing or personal aircraft. It is expected to establish a three-dimensional air traffic system that can solve ground traffic congestion caused by the rapid global urbanization. With the full-scale commercialization of AAM solutions, high-density air traffic is expected, and with the advent of the personal air vehicle (PAV), the flight space usage is expected to expand. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe AAM service through early research on core ICTs for autonomous flight.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

By limiting population and land resources, a high-density urban form has become the inevitable choice for central cities in the rapid growth of many large cities in China. Due to the shift in urban growth and focus, high-density urban areas require restoration and improvement. This study intends to combine ancient and new districts, establish strategies for enhancing urban function, spatial utility, industry, and transportation, and thus enhance regional holistic effectiveness, by performing in-depth research.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2017

This paper discusses several topics associated with the densification caused by supertall buildings and their impact on city systems. The paper covers five key areas where a supertall tower creates a concentration of needs and effects. First, the paper comments on population shifts towards the city and how they affect carbon footprint, utilities infrastructure and transport. The effect of single- and mixed-use towers is discussed in the context of population density. The second section brings the issues of transit, accessibility and master planning into focus. The use and criticality of public transport, cycling and walking is described. Servicing and deliveries using freight consolidation and shared systems is also discussed along with their contribution to the culture of sustainable travel. In the third section the paper reflects on supertall buildings' below-ground utilities and drainage provision, particularly the challenges faced in established city infrastructures. The utilities issues associated with supertall concentration (in land-use terms) compared to equivalent low-rise distribution is also commented on in the context of surface water runoff. In the fourth section, the topic of supertall sustainability is discussed and how city systems need to respond to create desirable and affordable space for occupiers. The changing need for vertical communities, 'stacked neighbourhoods' and the notion of a micro-city is described. Finally, the paper considers the energy consumption and resilience of supertall buildings in the context of basic geometry, façade design, climate and mixed-use benefits as they impact city systems.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2002

This study investigates the effects of sediment on the flow characteristics such as velocity distribution, friction velocity, turbulent intensities, Reynolds stress, etc. Particle tracking velocimetry (PTY) is used to measure the vertical flow field. Results show that flow over the high bed-load concentration region has larger values of mean velocity and friction velocity and smaller values of turbulence intensities, compared to those for flow over the low bed-load concentration region.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.75-81
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• 2021

(Research background and purpose) Urban development has also had a significant impact on the eco-friendly industry. In the public environment, citizens are stressed in many areas, which has really made them need a natural ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the environment into an eco-friendly urban public facility that breathes the urban environment space inside the building with plants. To this end, we want to show that the urban environment can be improved through vertical gardens. And through this, we want to contribute to the popularization of vertical gardens. (Research Methodology) we will analyze the problems of the current public environment in the city and look at the supplementation around vertical gardens. (Result) A study of the public environment in the city found problems such as gloomy environment, poor use of space, dim color, and poor air quality, and wanted to create a vertical garden to provide a pleasant shelter. These vertical gardens have influenced urban public places with improved aesthetics, increased social value, insulation and soundproofing effects of buildings, reduced urban heat island effects, and increased urban green appearance. (Conclusion)This study uses vertical gardens in public spaces to design public spaces that are more comfortable and share mental and physical health together.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1053-1068
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• 2008

This study aims to produce fundamental database for Environment Impact Assessment by monitoring vertical structure of the atmosphere due to the mountain valley wind in spring season. For this, we observed surface and upper meteorological elements in Sangin-dong, Daegu using the rawinsonde and automatic weather system(AWS). In Sangin-dong, the weather condition was largely affected by mountains when compared to city center. The air temperature was low during the night time and day break, and similar to that of city center during the day time. Relative humidity also showed similar trend; high during the night time and day break and similar to that of city center during the day time. Solar radiation was higher than the city, and the daily maximum temperature was observed later than the city. The synoptic wind during the measurement period was west wind. But during the day time, the west wind was joined by the prevailing wind to become stronger than the night time. During the night time and daybreak, the impact of mountain wind lowered the overall temperature, showing strong geographical influence. The vertical structure of the atmosphere in Dalbi valley, Sangin-dong had a sharp change in air temperature, relative humidity, potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature when measured at the upper part of the mixing layer height. The mixing depth was formed at maximum 1896m above the ground, and in the night time, the inversion layer was formed by radiational cooling and cold mountain wind.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.92-96
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• 2001

Although the problem of seawater intrusion at the coastal aquifer was recognized before over one hundred years at the coastal aquifer, much groundwater keep on being salinitized by several reasons such as groundwater exhaustion, coastalline change, and human activities. The horizontal and vertical electrical soundings and geostatistical methods were used to define the local characteristics of saltwater intrusion and to estimate the saltwater interface in the southeastern area of the Pusan City. The 24 points of the Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings(VES) to loom depth and the 2 lines of dipole-dipole horizontal soundings are peformed. The resistivity data have lognormal distributions. The horizontal extents of saline water intrusion were estimated from the inversion of horizontal prospecting data. Lognormal ordinary kriging is used in A-A' resistivity profiles on May and July because the data have stationary models in semivariograms. Lognormal IRF-k kriging is used for the isopleth maps using vertical resistivity data. The 10 ohm-m resistivity line on the isopleth maps of 21m, 30m, 50m, and 70m depth using resisitivity data measured in July is sifted to the east, cpomparing that of the isopleth maps measured in May. The kriged vertical and horizontal resistivity isopleth maps suggested that the geostatistical methods can be used to define the variation of earth resistivity distribution at the saltwater interface.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2017

Safety, livability, and efficiency are the three prominent problems of tall buildings, which are also the severe challenges to designers. We proposed the idea of building the sky town to solve these problems, which can be summarized in two sentences, one is tall building multi-storised, and another one is vertical facilities municipal-infrastructurised. The tall building can be horizontally cut into several multi-storey buildings by some large platforms. The platform extends a certain width to block the fire from spreading. Tall buildings are connected together as a group. One of them is a traffic core, which is used for vertical transportation and MEP. It connects to traffic center such as metro, while most of the other tall buildings' cores can be very much released, so as to achieve maximum efficiency of floor usable area and to give good traffic organization. By combining traffic core, platforms, and multi-storey buildings' inner traffic, a transportation network is formed. Finally, we refer to the design of Raffles City Chongqing to make a sketch of sky town.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

Over the past 30 years, the tall building has seen unprecedented global support. With advanced innovation and many regions around the world discovering increasing growth rates, the tall, supertall, and megatall buildings continue to drastically alter the vertical urbanism of the cities they inhabit. For centuries, urban conditions in most major territories were predominately defined by the street wall and the spaces it shapes. Giambattista Nolli's 1748 Map of Rome most clearly illustrates this significance and possibly solidifies what generations would understand to be the predominant urban condition. As architects, it has been a city's lower vertical wall fabric that has often been the primary focus of efforts to craft an urban experience, and for good reason. Through recent examples of built and unbuilt KPF projects, this paper will explore an upper vertical wall fabric, an urbanism that not only exists at the ground but also within the troposphere.