• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.581-587
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• 1992

Tracheoesophageal fistula[TEF] is a rare but life-threatening lesion that may occur from ventilation with a cuffed tube. It occurs most frequently when an inlying esophageal tube is also being used-usually for feeding purposes. The mechanism of injury appears to be pressure experted on the tracheal wall by the cuff, which then compresses the "party wall" of the trachea and esophagus against the foreign body that lies in the esophagus. The patient was 32 years old female who had been receiving a treatment of respiratory failure induced by postoperative sepsis with assist ventilator and nasogastric tubal feeding. Sudden attack of abdominal gas distention and massive drainage of gas through N-G tube were developed during assist ventilation in that patient, so we diagnosed as tracheal stenosis with a tracheoesophageal fistula induced by prolonged endotracheal intubation We performed tracheal reconstruction and primary closure of perforated esophagus after weaning ventilator. The postoperative course was uneventiful.eventiful.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2005

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon found in glues, cements, and solvents. It is known to be toxic to the nervous system, hematopoietic system, and causes acid-base and electrolyte disorders. Acute respiratory failure with hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure should be considered as potential events in protracted glue sniffing. We reported the case of 26-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with the development of respiratory failure and altered mentality due to hypokalemia after chronic glue sniffing. She was weaned from the ventilator 3 days later after potassium and sodium bicarbonate replacement and was discharged without respiratory symptoms and other complications.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.106-107
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• 1998

To minimize the failure rate of medical devices, the maintenance records for general X-ray, R/F X-ray, mobile X-ray, artificial dialyzer, ventilator, and automatic chemistry analyzer was analysed with regard to the cause of the failure. The parts responsible for the most frequent system failure was then worked intensively during the preventive maintenance. After this procedure, the faliure of the systems in a month decreased from 1.8 on average to 0.3.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 1994

A retrospective study of 737 consecutive patients surviving the first 24 hours who underwent valve replacement surgery from July 1980 to June 1993 was undertaken to determine the prevalence, variables that could be used to predict outcome and results of therapy for postoperative acute renal failure[ARF]. Twenty-one patients[2.8 %] developed acute renal failure. Positive risk factors noted in the development of postoperative renal failure included age, New York Heart Association class III & IV, endocarditis and elevated preoperative concentration of serum creatinine. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping and the total duration of the operation also closely correlated with the incidence of ARF. The mortality rate for established ARF was 38.1% and ARF was associated with a significant increase in the length of hospitalization, ventilator support and intensive care unit stay. The incidence and mortality rate of oliguric renal failure was 38.1% and 85.7%. The highest mortality rate was associated with two or more postoperative complications and serum creatinine value exceeded 5 mg/dl. We concluded that therapy should be aimed at prevention of oliguric renal failure, or at least its conversion to nonoliguric renal failure, and early institution of renal replacement therapy with intensive support probably gives the best chance for survival.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2005

목 적 : 급성 호흡부전증, 호흡중추장애, 신경근 질환 등으로 인한 만성 호흡부전 환자들이 가정용 인공 호흡기의 도입으로 가정에서 기계 환기를 받을 수 있게 되어 생명을 연장시키고, 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있어 그 사용하는 예가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 임상자료가 거의 없어 저자들은 인공 호흡기를 장착한 환아들을 대상으로 임상실태를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 1997년부터 2003년까지 서울아산병원 소아 중환자실에 입원 후 가정용 인공 호흡기를 장착한 21명의 환아들을 대상으로 하여 후향적으로 의무기록을 분석하고 전화면담을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아들은 21명으로 남아 15명, 여아 6명이었다. 인공 호흡기를 장착하였을 때 중간 연령은 31개월(범위 : 2-150개월)이었으며, 호흡기를 장착한 중간 기간은 25개월(범위 : 2-68개월)이었다. 환아들의 원인 질환으로는 호흡중추장애를 포함한 신경근 질환이 16례, 급성 호흡곤란을 포함한 폐질환이 4례, 유전성 대사질환이 1례였다. 인공 호흡기 양식은 압력 조절 양식이 16례(76%), 용적 조절 양식이 5례(24%), 산소가 필요한 경우는 13례(62%)였고, 인공 호흡기를 조금이라도 이탈할 수 있었던 경우는 3례(14%)였다. 기계고장은 19개월마다 1회 발생하였고, 인공 호흡기 장착 후 평균 입원 횟수는 매년 1.7회, 그 원인으로는 폐렴(68%)이 가장 많았다. 추적 관찰한 결과 사망한 환아는 9명(43%)이었고, 사망원인은 기관지 튜브 폐쇄가 4례였다. 인공 호흡기 대여, 산소발생기, 영양식, 진찰 및 치료비용 등을 포함한 모든 의료비용은 월간 평균 111만원이었다. 결 론 : 최근 가정용 인공 호흡기 사용이 증가하고 있으며, 사망원인으로 기관지 튜브 폐쇄가 많아 주의 및 관리를 필요로 하고 인공 호흡기를 장착한 가정에 경제적 어려움이 있어 사회적 관심과 제도적 지원이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.951-954
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• 1995

Diagnostic procedures in pregnant wowen is limited and is usually delayed, especially so if she is on mechanical ventilation. A 28-year-old pregnant woman with severe dyspnea was referred to our hospital under the impression of miliary tuberculosis. The respiratory failure was so severe that patient had to be managed with mechanical ventilator under clinical impression of overwhelming pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis. But the patient's conditions deteriorated. Bronchoscopy and blind transbronchial lung biopsy performed to determine the nature of the etiology, and to our surprise, revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2013

Purpose: Prolonged ventilation leads to a higher incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), resulting in weaning failure and increased medical costs. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical results and prognostic factors of VAP in patients with blunt chest trauma. Methods: From 2007 to 2011, one hundred patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours were divided into two groups: a VAP-negative group, (32 patients, mean age; 53 years, M:F=25:7) and a VAP- positive group, (68 patients, mean age; 60 years, M:F=56:12). VAP was diagnosed using clinical symptoms, radiologic findings and microorganisms. The injury severity score (ISS), shock, combined injuries, computerized tomographic pulmonary findings, transfusion, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), ventilation time, stay in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays, complications such as sepsis or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and microorganisms were analyzed. Chi square, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysies were used with SPSS 18 software. Results: Age, sex, ISS, shock and combined injuries showed no differences between the VAP - negative group and - positive group (p>0.05), but ventilation time, ICU and hospital stays, blood transfusion and complications such as sepsis or DIC showed significant differencies (p<0.05). Four patients(13%) showed no clinical symptoms eventhough blood cultures were positive. Regardless of VAP, mortality-related factors were shock (p=0.036), transfusion (p=0.042), COPD (p=0.029), mechanical ventilation time (p=0.011), ICU stay (p=0.032), and sepsis (p=0.000). Microorgnisms were MRSA(43%), pseudomonas(24%), acinetobacter(16%), streptococcus(9%), klebsiela(4%), staphillococus aureus(4%). However there was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Conclusion: VAP itself was not related with mortality. Consideration of mortality-related factors for VAP and its aggressive treatment play important roles in improving patient outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.791-798
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• 2021

Objective : The period of mechanical ventilator (MV)-dependent respiratory failure after cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) varies from patient to patient. This study aimed to identify predictors of MV at hospital discharge (MVDC) due to prolonged respiratory failure among patients with MV after CSCI. Methods : Two hundred forty-three patients with CSCI were admitted to our institution between May 2006 and April 2018. Their medical records and radiographic data were retrospectively reviewed. Level and completeness of injury were defined according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standards. Respiratory failure was defined as the requirement for definitive airway and assistance of MV. We also evaluated magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the cervical spine. These characteristics included : maximum canal compromise (MCC); intramedullary hematoma or cord transection; and integrity of the disco-ligamentous complex for assessment of the Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification (SLIC) scoring. The inclusion criteria were patients with CSCI who underwent decompression surgery within 48 hours after trauma with respiratory failure during hospital stay. Patients with Glasgow coma scale 12 or lower, major fatal trauma of vital organs, or stroke caused by vertebral artery injury were excluded from the study. Results : Out of 243 patients with CSCI, 30 required MV during their hospital stay, and 27 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 48.1% (13/27) of patients had MVDC with greater than 30 days MV or death caused by aspiration pneumonia. In total, 51.9% (14/27) of patients could be weaned from MV during 30 days or less of hospital stay (MV days : MVDC 38.23±20.79 vs. MV weaning, 13.57±8.40; p<0.001). Vital signs at hospital arrival, smoking, the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Associated injury with Injury Severity Score, SLIC score, and length of cord edema did not differ between the MVDC and MV weaning groups. The ASIA impairment scale, level of injury within C3 to C6, and MCC significantly affected MVDC. The MCC significantly correlated with MVDC, and the optimal cutoff value was 51.40%, with 76.9% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MCC >51.4% was a significant risk factor for MVDC (odds ratio, 7.574; p=0.039). Conclusion : As a method of predicting which patients would be able to undergo weaning from MV early, the MCC is a valid factor. If the MCC exceeds 51.4%, prognosis of respiratory function becomes poor and the probability of MVDC is increased.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.995-1005
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• 2000

This study was performed to identify the physiological and psychological variables related to successful weaning from a mechanical ventilator. The subjects of this study were 22 patients who received mechanical ventilation therapy for more than 3 days in intensive care units. Before the weaning trial, baseline data for following physiologic variables were obtained: spontaneous respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, PaO2, PaCO2, PEEP, static compliance, minute ventilation, tidal volume, rapid shallow breathing index(f/VT), SaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and mean arterial pressure. During spontaneous breathing, physiologic and psychologic variables such as vital signs, ABG, perspiration, chest retraction, paradoxical respiration, dyspnea, anxiety, confidence and efficacy were measured. Successful weaning was defined as sustaining spontaneous respiration over 24 hours after extubation. Weaning failure was defined as the development of more than one of following signs: (1) hypoxemia, (2) CO2 retention or (3) perspiration, tachypnea, chest retraction, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypotension or hypertension. Subjects (N=18) who successfully weaned from mechanical ventilator were compared with subjects (N=4) who failed. The results are as follows; Eighteen percents of the subjects failed during the weaning trial. Most subjects in the failed group were mechanically ventilated for long-time. This result shows that the success of weaning is more difficult in long-term ventilation patients. In the baseline data that was measured before weaning trial, the mean score of PaO2 in the successfully weaned group was 121mmHg. This is significantly higher than the mean score of PaO2 in the failed group(95mmHg). However, the scores of pH, tidal volume, f/VT, pulse rates, blood pressure, mean airway pressure, SaO2, and PaCO2 were similar between the two groups. Specially the scores of f/VT index as a predominant predictor for successful weaning were not significant (f/VT=44.4) and (f/VT=47). During spontaneous breathing, the scores of dyspnea and anxiety level in the successfully weaned group were less than those of the failed group. On the contrary, the scores of confidence and efficacy in the successful group were greater than those of the failed group. In conclusion, the baseline data that were measured before weaning trial were similar between the both groups, therefore future studies are needed to focus on searching other variables besides physiological parameters related to weaning outcome.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

호흡부전을 동반한 말기 폐림프관 평활근종증은 가임기 여성에서 발병하는 매우 드문 질환으로서 폐이식이 유일한 치료법으로 알려져 있다. 이런 환자에서 폐이식을 시행하는 경우 단측 폐이식이 추천되고 있으나 이식한 폐의 기능부전이나 이식하지 않은 폐에서 원발질환의 악화가 문제점으로 제시되고 있다. 본원에서는 폐림프관 평활근종증을 앓고 있던 말기 호흡부전의 36세 여자 환자에게 우측 단일 폐이식술을 시행한 이후 이식폐의 폐허탈로 인한 기능부전으로 인하여 내과적 또는 외과적 치료에도 불구하고 호전이 없어 반대쪽의 단측폐 재이식수술을 시행한 후 좋은 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.