• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2004

터널의 환기설계에 관련하여 종류식과 횡류식의 환기용량의 산정을 위해서 필요한 제반 가정들을 검토하였고, 종류식 설계에서의 최종 값인 임계유속 산정을 위한 몇 가지의 공식을 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 특정 공식을 개선하기 위한 방안을 실험결과를 토대로 제시하였다. 횡류식 설계에서 국제적으로 사용되고 있는 용량산정에 관한 지침은 화재공학적 의미가 전혀 없으며 관행적으로 적용되어 온 것임을 알 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 기존의 횡류식 환기설계에는 설계개념조차 명확하지 않음을 입증하였다. 즉 횡류식 시스템에서는 종류식에서의 "연기의 역류 방지를 위한 최소 유속의 유지"라는 개념조차 없이 환기용량이 결정되어 왔으며, 이것은 터널의 화재환기가 오염물질의 환기로부터 시작되어 정확한 화재공학적 분석이 결여되었기 때문이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 시도로 횡류식 환기의 설계개념으로서 연기전파거리와 연기축적을 제안하였다. 축소모델 터널을 이용하여 연기전파거리에 관한 실험결과를 제시하였고, 이를 이용하여 기존의 관행대로 설계된 유럽의 터널들에 적용하였을 때 안전성에 문제가 있음을 보였다.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 1996

The goal of this study is to develop a simulation model of the pollutant dispersion in vehicle tunnels, which can be utilized to optimize the tunnel ventilation system. Contaminant dispersion is modelled using a FDM solution of advective diffusion equation. Taking into consideration the local vehicle emission rates by year, it is user-oriented and its logic is generalized. Therefore, differences in the ventilation scheme can be easily adapted. The results of its application to a urban tunnel show that the relative errors are 1.1~6.8% for the natural velocity, 1.3% for the traffic-induced velocity and 2.9% for the total air quantity. Simulated CO concentrations along the entire tunnel show about 13% of the relative error.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.779-793
• /
• 2019

소요환기량은 터널단면을 결정하기 위한 기초적인 자료로, 터널 내 환기 시스템을 결정하기 위한 주요한 요소이다. 소요환기량은 터널 내 교통량 자료에 기초하고 있으며, 차량으로부터 배출되는 오염물질량과 터널 내 허용농도 기준에 의해 결정된다. 본 논문에서는 처음으로 국내 기준이 한국도로공사에 의하여 규정된 1997년 이후 20년간 변화한 도로터널 환기설계기준을 검토하고 최근의 환경부 '제작차 배출허용기준'과 세계도로협회(WRA) 2019년 설계권고기준 등을 바탕으로, 터널의 특성, 특히 길이 및 종단경사를 고려하여 소요환기량 차이 및 영향을 비교분석하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.588-597
• /
• 2012

In the present study, the dispersion characteristics of hydrogen leakage from a Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) were analyzed by numerical simulation in order to assess the risk of a hydrogen leakage incident in a long road tunnel. In order to implement the worst case of hydrogen leakage, the FCV was located at the center of a tunnel, and hydrogen was completely discharged within 63 seconds. The Leakage velocity of hydrogen was adopted sub-sonic speed because that the assumption of the blockage effect of secondary device inside a vehicle. The temporal and spatial evaluation of the hydrogen concentration as well as the flammable region in a road tunnel was reported according to change of ventilation operating conditions. The hydrogen was blended by supply air form a ventilation fan, however, the hydrogen was discharged to outside in the exhaust air. It is observed that the efficiency way to eliminate of hydrogen is supply air operating condition under the hazardous hydrogen leaking incident. The present numerical analysis can be provided useful information of ventilation under the hydrogen leaking situation.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2010

The vehicle oriented block box system based on the u-healthcare and the human-free guard functions is developed in this paper. We also suggested the design philosophies, ideas, and analyzed the performance of the suggested system. The developed vehicle oriented black box system has some characteristics such as; 1) detects the dangerous situation by ultrasonic sensor in advance, and stores the situation information of the neighborhood of the vehicle to the imbedded SD memory card if the dangerous situation may be occurred in the parked vehicle; 2) detects the present location and speed information of the vehicle by GPS receiver and 3-axes acceleration sensor, and stores the information to the SD memory card periodically if the vehicle is running; 3) measures the dioxide carbon in the vehicle inside using $CO_2$ sensor, and forces the ventilation motor of the vehicle to operate and maintains the driver's health if the measured level is more than standard health requirements; 4) provides the stored vehicle's operating information to the driver by GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch LCD monitor.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.561-573
• /
• 2018

도로 터널 내의 환기설계를 위해서는 먼저 각 차종별 교통량 구성 비율을 알아야 한다. 일반적인 도로터널의 경우 입구와 출구의 수가 동일하고 일방향이기 때문에 유입된 차종별 구성 비율이 출구에서 나올 때까지 달라지지 않는다. 반면에 네트워크 도로터널의 경우 터널 내의 연결이 복잡한 네트워크로 되어 있기 때문에 차종별 구성 비율이 달라진다. 이에 본 연구에서는 근접행렬을 이용하여 네트워크 도로터널에서 차종별 일교통량 구성 비율을 쉽게 계산할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1009-1013
• /
• 2011

Seoul Metro Line 1 to 4 guests per day to 4.5 million people have been using the subway. This is close to the city population, 57 percent of people use the subway and found that 57 percent of people use the subway and found that this is close to the city population. Motor vehicle indoor air quality, especially of the major factors affecting is passenger's clothing, cosmetics, adhesives and formaldehyde by the action and so are able to keep. Enclosure 30ppm formaldehyde during prolonged exposure at concentrations above the nose, bronchial cough and a burning can cause symptoms. It is necessary to introduce an appropriate ventilation system. 1-4 Line Press in 2008, leaving the subway, and normally the train measured in room air quality. Measurements in 2005, $19.3{\sim}83{\mu}g/m^3$, 2008 Year ND ~ $61.7{\mu}g/m^3$ is. When congestion(rush hour) to temporarily increase the formaldehyde can result in a higher number. Automatic detection of formaldehyde and improve ventilation to a practical system, and it is necessary to chatneun. In research since 2006, Removal of formaldehyde were analyzed for the study. the passengers on the effects of formaldehyde in rush hour, the plan for increasing the ventilation through the analysis of various factors, such as electric vehicle practical ways to improve air quality have been studied.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1238-1243
• /
• 2009

As Social Overhead Capital(SOC) has been expanded, the highway road construction has been accelerated and city road system has been more complicated. So, long road tunnels have been increased and traffic flow rate also has been raised. Accordingly, the exhausting gas of vehicle cars seriously deteriorates the tunnel inside air quality and driving view. In order to improve tunnel inside air quality, it is needed to introduce a compulsory ventilation system as well as natural ventilation mechanism. The former, that is, a special compulsory ventilation facility is very useful and helpful to prevent a tunnel of being contaminated by traffic in most case. In the case of obtaining clearer and longer driving view, the ventilation systems have to be considered in order to remove floating contaminants or exhaust gas from engines. In this paper, discharge electrode design technology will be discussed.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2003

국내의 경우, 지하철 승강장 제연설비는 전용설비로 구축되어 있지 않고 화재발생시 승강장환기설비 및 본선터널부의 환기설비를 제연모드로 절환하여 운영되고 있다. 제연효과는 이러한 까닭으로 환기설비의 위치, 용량 및 급배기방식에 종속된다. 따라서 본 연구는 승강장에 정차한 열차에서 화재가 발생하는 경우를 대상으로 승객의 대피 소요시간을 산출하고 지하철환경해석 프로그램인 SES(Subway Environmental Simulation)를 사용하여 터널부 환기설비의 제연절환운전으로 승강장부에 형성되는 기류의 해석 및 FDS(Fire dynamics Simulator)을 이용하여 화재해석을 제연방식별로 수행한다. 얻어진 가시도 및 승강장 의 온도로부터 본선 터널부 제연모드별 특성을 규명한다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.477-482
• /
• 2011

In the present study, the diffusion process of hydrogen leaking from a FCV (Fuel Cell Vehicle) in an underground parking lot was analyzed by numerical simulations in order to assess the risk of a leakage accident. The temporal and spatial changes of the hydrogen concentration as well as the flammable region in the parking lot were predicted numerically. The effects of the leakage flow rate and an additional ventilation fan were investigated to evaluate the ventilation performance in the parking lot to relieve the accumulation of the leaked hydrogen gas. The present numerical analysis can provide useful information such as the distribution of the leaked hydrogen concentration for safety of various hydrogen applications.