• 천문학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 1997

We investigate the velocity distribution of dark matter in the disk of a galaxy like the Milky Way at the solar radius. Using N-body simulations with the total mass and z-component of angular momentum conserved, we calculate the response of a dissipationless dark matter galactic halo during the dissipational collapse of the baryonic matter in spiral galaxy formation. The initial distribution of dark matter and baryonic particles is assumed to be a homogeneous mixture based on a King model. The baryonic matter is assumed to contract, forming the final luminous components of the galaxy, namely the disk and, in some cases, a bulge and central point. Both slow and fast growth of the luminous components are considered. We find that the velocity distribution of dark matter particles in a reference frame rotating slowly about the galaxy center in the plane of the disk is similar to a Maxwellian, but it is somewhat boxier, being flatter at the peak and truncated in the tails of the distribution. We tabulate parameters for the best-fitting Maxwellian and modified-Maxwellian distributions. There is no significant difference between slow collapse and fast collapse for all these results. We were unable to detect any effect of disk formation on the z-dependence of the dark matter density distribution.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.567-570
• /
• 2008

내경 0.109 m의 유동층에서 다입자경 모래에 대한 압력요동의 표준편차와 유속간의 선형회귀분석을 이용한 최소유동화속도 측정법의 적용성을 조사하였다. 다입자경 모래를 평균입자크기가 같은 Gaussian 분포에서 입자분포의 표준편차에 따른 최소유동화속도를 측정하고, 측정치를 타 연구자들의 식과 비교 검토하였다. 압력요동의 표준편차 값 선형회귀분석법과 층내 압력강하로부터 구한 최소유동화속도를 구하였다. 최소유동화속도 결정에서 유속 범위는 혼합도가 낮은 유속범위와 free bubbling 영역 이상을 제외한 범위값 이어야 하며, 이 유속범위에서 측정위치는 혼합이 양호한 층 중앙이 가장 적절하다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.139-152
• /
• 1998

In the present study, the flow characteristics of developing laminar oscillatory flows in a square -sectional 180 deg. curved duct are investigated experimentally. The experimental study using air in a square-sectional 180 deg. curved duct is carried out to measure velocity distributions with a data acquisition and LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimetry) processing system. In this system, Rotating Machinery Resolver (RMR) and PHASE program are used to obtain the results of unsteady flows. The major flow characteristics of developing oscillatory flows are found by analyzing velocity curves, mean velocity profiles, time-averaged velocity distribution of secondary flow, wall shear stress distributions, and entrance lengths. In a lower dimensionless angular frequency, the axial velocity distribution of laminar oscillatory flow in a curved duct shows a convex shape in a central part and axial symmetry. The maximum value of wall shear stress in a lower dimensionless angular frequency is located in an outside wall, but according to increasing the dimensionless angular frequency, the maximum of wall shear stress is moved to inner wall. The entrance lengths of laminar oscillatory flows in a square-sectional 180 deg. curved duct is obtained to 90 deg. of bended angle of duct in this experimental conditions.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.204-212
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of calibration rounds on the statistical distribution of the muzzle velocity in acceptance test of propelling charge. It is shown that the normal distribution fits best among statistical distributions from goodness-of fit test. The 3p-Weibull distribution is also acceptable because the shape of the probability density function curve is similar to that of normal distribution and it also has near zero skewness value. Muzzle velocities of test rounds uncompensated by calibration rounds showed high variation and had comparatively higher skewness. Because the skewness of normal distribution is defined to be zero, calibration rounds make the normality of data higher.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 수자원 기초자료 중 매우 중요하고 효과적인 유량측정방법을 위해 가장 먼저 결정하여야할 평균유속을 어떻게 결정할지를 제안코자 하며, 이를 위하여 현재까지 가장 널리 응용되고 있는 평균유속공식인 Manning공식과 최근에 그 효용성이 입증된 Chiu의 유속공식과의 상호관계에 대하여 분석 검토하여, 수로경사가 변화하는 경우나 유사유무에 관계없이 주어진 단면에서의 엔트로피 값, 즉 평형상태를 유지하려는 경향이 있음을 증명하였다. 따라서 인공수로에 관련된 간단한 수리입력 자료만 있다면 그동안 취득하기 어려운 $u_{max}$와 전체유속분포 산정에 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제14권12호
• /
• pp.1386-1395
• /
• 2000

The mear field structure of round turbulent jets with initially asymmetric velocity distributions is investigated experimentally. Experiments are carried out using a constant temperature hot-wire anemometry system to measure streamwise velocity in the jets. The measurements are undertaken across the jet at various streamwise stations in a range starting from the jet exit plane and up to a downstream location of twelve diameters. The experimental results include the distributions of mean and instantaneous velocities, vorticity field, turbulence intensity, and the Reynolds shear stresses. The asymmetry of the jet exit plane was obtained by using circular cross-section pipes with a bend upstream of the exit. There pipes used here include a straight pipe, and 90 and 160 degree-bend pipes. Therefore, at the upstream of the upstream of the pipe exit, secondary flow through the bend mean streamwise velocity distribution could be controlled by changing the curvature of pipes. The jets into the atmosphere have two levels of initial velocity skewness in addition to an axisymmetric jet from a straight pipe. In case of the curved pipe, a six diameter-long straight pipe section follows the bend upstream of the exit. The Reynolds number based on the exit bulk velocity is 13,400. The results indicate that the near field structure is considerably modified by the skewness of an initial mean velocity distribution. As the skewness increases, the decay rate of mean velocity at the centerline also increases.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.439-445
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to suggest the improvement strategies for exhaust performance in composite kitchen hoods. The Exhaust only hood, the 2-way compensating hood and the 3-way compensating hood were selected, and the laboratory experiments were performed to compare the local exhaust efficiency and the indoor temperature distributions according to the variations of the hood type and supply/exhaust air velocity. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The compensating hood has better performance than exhaust only hood in the aspect of local exhaust efficiency and temperature distribution. The 3-way compensating hood shows the best performance when the supply air velocity is about 2.7 m/s, and the 2-way compensating hood at the supply air velocity of 3.5 w/s. In the same exhaust rate condition, if the exhaust area of the hood is increased and therefore the exhaust velocity is lowered, the supply air velocity is also lowered to get the optimum performance. The optimum exhaust velocity range of the commercial kitchen hood which derived from this study is 0.48 ∼ 0.55 m/s.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.252-257
• /
• 2007

The present study investigated the effect of air velocity on frost formation of slit fin-and-tube heat exchanger under frosting condition. The slit fin-and-tube heat exchanger with outer tube diameter 7.0mm and 1 row was used. Air side pressure drop, photographs of frost distribution, frost accumulation and frost thickness were presented with respect to the frosting time. In the early stage of experiment, the case with air velocity of 1.5m/s showed 403% higher for the air pressure drop than the case with the air velocity of 0.5m/s. As the frost was accumulated, the effect of air velocity on air pressure drop was decreased. In the end stage of test, air pressure drops of two cases were very close and air pressure drop for the air velocity of 0.5m/s was higher than that of 2.0m/s. It was also shown in the photographs of frost distribution, frost accumulation and frost thickness. From frost thickness, fanning friction factor was presented.

• 대기
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.435-444
• /
• 2016

In spite of considerable progress in the recent decades, there still remain large uncertainties in numerical cloud models. In this study, effects of uncertainty in terminal velocity of graupel on cloud simulation are investigated. For this, a two-dimensional bin microphysics cloud model is employed, and deep convective clouds are simulated under idealized environmental conditions. In the sensitivity experiments, the terminal velocity of graupel is changed to twice and half the velocity in the control experiment. In the experiment with fast graupel terminal velocity, a large amount of graupel mass is present in the lower layer. On the other hand, in the experiment with slow graupel terminal velocity, almost all graupel mass remains in the upper layer. The graupel size distribution exhibits that as graupel terminal velocity increases, in the lower layer, the number of graupel particles increases and the peak radius in the graupel mass size distribution decreases. In the experiment with fast graupel terminal velocity, the vertical velocity is decreased mainly due to a decrease in riming that leads to a decrease in latent heat release and an increase in evaporative cooling via evaporation, sublimation, and melting that leads to more stable atmosphere. This decrease in vertical velocity causes graupel particles to fall toward the ground easier. By the changes in graupel terminal velocity, the accumulated surface precipitation amount differs up to about two times. This study reveals that the terminal velocity of graupel should be estimated more accurately than it is now.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.167-178
• /
• 2007

강우분포형에 따라 이동강우가 지표면유출에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 지배방정식으로 운동파방정식을 적용하였다. 이동강우의 강우분포형은 균등분포형, 전진형, 지연형, 중앙집중형을 사용하였으며, 이동강우에 상응하는 정지강우의 경우와 유출을 비교하였다. 본 연구에 적용한 강우의 이동속도는 0.125-2.0m/s이며, 이동방향은 지표면의 상류와 하류방향을 고려하였다. 이동강우의 강우분포형과 이동강우의 특성은 지표면 유출수문곡선의 모양과 첨두유량에 현저하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 모든 강우분포형에서 하류방향의 이동강우에 의하여 가장 큰 첨두유량이 발생함을 알 수 있으며, 강우분포형에 의한 유출량 민감도는 강우이동 속도가 증가함에 따라 감소하고 있다. 강우이동속도가 빠르면 첨두시간이 짧아지고 수문곡선의 모양이 급격히 얇아진다.