• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2006

As an important and relatively easy to implement technology for realizing Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS), Adaptive Cruise Control(ACC) automatically adjusts vehicle speed and distance to a preceding vehicle, thus enhancing driver comfort and safety. One of the key issues associated with ACC development is usability and user acceptance. Control parameters in ACC should be optimized in such a way that the system does not conflict with driving behavior of the driver and further that the driver feels comfortable with ACC. A driving simulator is a comprehensive research tool that can be applied to various human factor studies and vehicle system development in a safe and controlled environment. This study investigated driving behavior with ACC for drivers with different driving styles using the driving simulator. The ACC simulation system was implemented on the simulator and its performance was evaluated first. The Driving Style Questionnaire(DSQ) was used to classify the driving styles of the drivers in the simulator experiment. The experiment results show that, when driving with ACC, preferred headway-time was 1.5 seconds regardless of the driving styles, implying consistency in driving speed and safe distance. However, the lane keeping ability reduced, showing the larger deviation in vehicle lateral position and larger head and eye movement. It is suggested that integration of ACC and lateral control can enhance driver safety and comfort even further.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 가상현실 및 모션 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 무인차량용 영상 안정화 장치의 실내 시험환경을 구축하였다. 실제 주행 환경은 군용 탱크 시험을 위한 애버딘 시험장 범프 주행로의 가상 환경으로 대체하였다. 또한 무인 차량 모션은 모션 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 구현하였다. 가상 주행 환경은 모션 시뮬레이터 위에 설치된 영상안정화 장치의 앞에 구현하였다. 영상 안정화 장치의 카메라의 영상 및 카메라에 부착된 IMU 센서 데이터를 통해 안정화 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2011

HIL(Hardware-in-the-Loop) 개념을 적용하면 하이브리드 자동차용 부품의 자동차 환경에서의 특성을 부품을 차량에 장착하지 않고도 평가 할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서는 특정 전동기를 하이브리드 자동차용 전동기로 사용하였을 경우 자동차의 구동 특성을 분석할 수 있는 HIL 방식을 구현하기 위한 부품 특성 시험. 구동특성 시뮬레이션, 장치 구성 방법을 설명한다. 시험장치는 자동차 시뮬레이터, 부하장치로 구성되며 시뮬레이션에서 사용된 차량제어기를 직접 차량제어기로 사용하게 된다. 부하장치는 차량의 동적 특성을 모의하게 된다. 특히 기존의 차량의 관성을 모의하기 위한 기계적 관성부하를 사용하지 않고 부하장치를 능동적으로 제어 하여 차량에 적용되었을 경우의 전동기 특성을 구할 수 있다. 시험 전동기가 병렬방식 하이브리드 자동차에 적용되었을 경우의 전동기의 실제 특성을 구할 수 있다. 제안된 방식은 하이브리드 자동차의 구동 특성을 교육하기 위한 교육매체로 사용 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2003

In the virtual environment, reality can be enhanced by offering the motion based on a motion simulator in harmony with visual and auditory modalities. In this research the Stewart-Gough-platform-based motion simulator has been developed. Implementation of vehicle dynamics is necessary in the motion simulator for realistic sense of motion, so bicycle dynamics is adopted in this research. In order to compensate for the limited range of the motion simulator compared with the real vehicle motion, washout algorithm composed of high-pass filter, low-pass filter and tilt coordination is usually employed. Generally, the washout algorithm is used with fixed parameters. In this research a new approach is proposed to tune the filter parameters based on fuzzy logic in real-time. The cutoff frequencies of the filters are adjusted according to the workspace margins and driving conditions. It is shown that the washout filter with the fuzzy-based parameters presents better performance than that with the fixed ones.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate driving performance of normal subjects for controlling the steering wheel by using foot operated steering devices in the driving simulator. Many people with complete bilateral loss or loss of use of upper limbs but with normal lower limbs are frequently left without use and/ or control of their hands, arms, or the upper extremities of their bodies. As a result, persons disabled in this manner have problems in operation an automobile because they cannot grasp and manipulate a conventional steering wheel. Therefore, if foot operated steering devices are used for controlling the vehicle on in people with disabilities, the disabled people could improve their community mobility by driving a car safely. Ten normal subjects were involved in this research to evaluate steering performance by using three types of steering devices(conventional steering wheel, pedal type foot steering, circular type foot steering) in driving simulator. STISim Drive 3 program was used for testing the driving performance in two road scenarios: straight road and curved road at low and high speed of vehicle (40 km/h and 80 km/h). This study used two-way ANOVA to compare the influences of two factors(type of foot steering device and road scenario) in the three dependent variables of steering performance(standard deviation of lateral position, the lateral position of vehicle and the number of line crossing). The average values of the three dependent variables(standard deviation of lateral position, lateral position and the number of line crossing) of driving performance were significantly smaller for conventional steering wheel or pedal type foot steering than circular type foot steering.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

Electronic control technologies that have long been developed for passenger cars spread to construction equipment and agricultural vehicles because of its outstanding performance achieved by embedded software. Especially, system program of transmission control unit (TCU) plays a crucial role for the superb shift quality, driving performance and fuel efficiency, etc. Since the control algorithm is embedded in software that is rarely analyzed, development of such a TCU cannot be conducted by conventional reverse engineering. Transmission simulator is a kind of electronic device that simulates the electric signals including driver operation command and output of various sensors installed in transmission. Standalone TCU can be run in normal operation mode with the signals provided by transmission simulator. In this research, transmission simulator for the tracked vehicle TCU is developed for the analysis of shift control algorithm from the experiments with standalone TCU. It was confirmed that shift experimental data for the simulator setup conditions can be used for the analysis of control algorithms on proportional solenoid valves and shift map.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate high technology adaptive driving controls, such as mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, for the people with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The drivers with severe physical disabilities have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of reduced muscle strength and limited range of motion. Therefore, if the remote control system with driver-by-wire technology is used for adaptive driving controls for people with physical limitations, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Method: We developed the remotely controlled driving simulator with drive-by-wire technology, e.g., mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, in order to evaluate driving performance in a safe environment for people with severe physical disabilities. STISim Drive 3 software was used for driving test and the customized Labview program was used in order to control the servomotors and the adaptive driving devices. Thirty subjects participated in the study to evaluate driving performance associated with three different driving controls: conventional driving control, mini steering wheel-lever controls and joystick controls. We analyzed the driving performance in three different courses: straight lane course for acceleration and braking performance, a curved course for steering performance, and intersections for coupled performance. Results: The mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system developed in this study showed no significant statistical difference (p>0.05) compared to the conventional driving system in the acceleration performance (specified speed travel time, average speed when passing on the right), steering performance (lane departure at the slow curved road, high-speed curved road and the intersection), and braking performance (brake reaction time). However, conventional driving system showed significant statistical difference (p<0.05) compared to the mini steering wheel-lever system or joystick system in the heading angle of the vehicle at the completion point of intersection and the passing speed of the vehicle at left turning. Characteristics of the subjects were found to give a significant effect (p<0.05) on the driving performance, except for the braking reaction time (p>0.05). The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency of relatively slow acceleration (p<0.05) at the straight lane course and intersection. The steering performance and braking performance were confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) according to the characteristics of the subjects. Conclusion: The driving performance with mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick control system showed no significant statistical difference compared to conventional system in the driving simulator. Application: This study can be used to design primary controls with driver-by-wire technology for adaptive vehicle and to improve their community mobility for people with severe physical disabilities.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.409-421
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• 2023

In order to develop navigation systems, simulators that provide navigation sensors data are required. A trajectory generator that simulates vehicle motion is needed to generate navigation sensors data in the simulator. In this paper, a trajectory generator for evaluating navigation system performance is proposed. The proposed trajectory generator consists of two parts. The first part obtains parameters from the motion scenario file whereas the second part generates position, velocity, and attitude from the parameters. In the proposed trajectory generator six degrees of freedom, halt, climb, turn, accel turn, spiral, combined, and waypoint motions are given as basic motions with parameters. These motions can be combined to generate complex trajectories of the vehicle. Maximum acceleration and jerk for linear motion and maximum angular acceleration and velocity for rotational motion are considered to generate trajectories. In order to show the usefulness of the proposed trajectory generator, trajectories were generated from motion scenario files and the results were observed. The results show that the proposed trajectory generator can accurately simulate complex vehicle motions that can be used to evaluate navigation system performance.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

In this paper, a simulator hardware and control design for an electronic parking brake (EPB) are proposed for emergency vehicle braking when the hydraulic break and anti-lock brake systems (ABS) fail to function. EPB systems are designed specifically for park braking and are usually installed on the rear wheels. However, in an emergency situation when all vehicle brake systems fail, the EPB can be utilized to stop the vehicle and track the target slip ratio as the ABS. This paper analyzed the non-linear EBP of the type of motor on caliper (MoC) based on experiments. A simulator hardware is also designed to validate the performance of the designed EPB controller in terms of braking distance and performance in tracking the target slip ratio. Through the experimental analysis, it is confirmed that a sliding mode controller can be applied on a non-linear EPB to track the target slip ratio.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

In this paper, an operation algorithm and a performance simulator are developed for a 42-volt ISG vehiclewhich consists of 5 kW ISG, 2500cc IC engine, torque converter and 4 speed automatic transmission. Modularapproach using MATLAB Simulink is used to construct a dynamic model of the vehicle powertrain which is obtainedfrom each component such as engine, battery, ISG, torque converter, etc.. An operation strategy for a 42-volt ISG vehicle including the function such as engine idle stop and regenerative braking is proposed. Performance simulator is developed based on the dynamic models of the powertrain. It is found from the simulation results that fuel economy can be improved as much as 6 percent for FTP75 driving cycle mostly owing to the engine idle stop.