• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.21-27
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• 2023

This paper discusses a deep learning-based road surface analysis system that collects data by installing vibration sensors on the 4-axis wheel bearings of a vehicle, analyzes the data, and appropriately classifies the characteristics of the current driving road surface for use in the vehicle's control system. The data used for road surface analysis is real-time large-capacity data, with 48K samples per second, and the A2B protocol, which is used for large-capacity real-time data communication in modern vehicles, was used to collect the data. CAN and CAN-FD commonly used in vehicle communication, are unable to perform real-time road surface analysis due to bandwidth limitations. By using A2B communication, data was collected at a maximum bandwidth for real-time analysis, requiring a minimum of 24K samples/sec for evaluation. Based on the data collected for real-time analysis, performance was assessed using deep learning models such as LSTM, GRU, and RNN. The results showed similar road surface classification performance across all models. It was also observed that the quality of data used during the training process had an impact on the performance of each model.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.233-262
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• 2024

Due to the rapid evolution of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), effective communication and security are now essential components in providing secure and reliable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. However, due to their dynamic nature and potential threats, VANETs need to have strong security mechanisms. This paper presents a novel approach to improve VANET security by combining the Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Network (VDTN) protocol with the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) technique known as the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm. A store-carry-forward method is used by the VDTN protocol to resolve the problems caused by inconsistent connectivity and disturbances in VANETs. The TD3 algorithm is employed for capturing and detecting Worm Hole Attack (WHA) behaviors in VANETs, thereby enhancing security measures. By combining these components, it is possible to create trustworthy and effective communication channels as well as successfully detect and stop rushing attacks inside the VANET. Extensive evaluations and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, enhancing both security and communication efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.526-531
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• 2014

Vehicular communications have been receiving much attention in intelligent transport systems(ITS) by combining communication technology with automobile industries. In general, vehicular communication can be used for vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure( V2I) communication by adopting IEEE802.11p/1609 standard which is commonly known as wireless access in vehicular environment(WAVE). WAVE system transmits signal in 5.835~5.925 GHz frequency band with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signaling. In this paper, after 32 bit processed the channel monitoring in MAC(Media Access Control) layer of WAVE system implemented according to IEEE 802.11p standard, data were received and we evaluated the performance, we built the test bed consisting of OBU(On Board Unit) in the real expressway. We transmitted WSM(WAVE Short Message) and received WSM between OBU wirelessly. And then, we calculated channel occupancy time per one frame and throughput, and evaluated the performance.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2018

In this paper, test-bed for the evaluation of wireless communication system on a small launch vehicle is proposed. The proposed test-bed consists of antenna test-coupler, RF attenuators, and RF switch modules. The antenna test-coupler isolates antennas for each band and transmits / receives wireless signals. The RF attenuator and switch are used for path selection of testing signal path. In design and measurement result of the antenna test-coupler, the antenna test-coupler has shielding effect higher than 39.3, 47.1, 56.1 dB at UHF-, S-, X-band. Through testing on small launch vehicle wireless communication system, we were able to successfully transmit and receive data between each test system and launch vehicle with antenna path switching.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.1857-1863
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• 2012

The VDS(Vehicle Detection System) collects and transfers information about traffic situations in real time, therefore it makes the traffic management effective. Recently, the VDSs have provided good stability and accuracy in regard to system reliability and functions but they also have showed problems such as raising costs and consuming times when a new system is installed and/or the environmental requirements for the system are set up. The reason of the problems is that up to now the collection of the data and information about the traffic situations has been achieved by the 1:1 information exchange between the traffic control surveillance center and the each traffic field, between equipments and centers, and among data processing equipments and also centers. The communication systems used in the VDS are generally composed of 1 : 1 connection of the lines because the communication protocols are different in the most of the cases mentioned above. Consequently, this makes the number of communication lines become larger and causes the cost for the whole traffic information systems to increase. In this paper, a development of a controller to unify the communication protocols for the VDS is peformed to solve the problems which were mentioned above. Specially, the controller developed in this paper was applied to a radar vehicle detector and tested to show its usefulness. In addition to that, the developed controller was also designed to include functions to transfer the information about weather conditions on the roads.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3138-3151
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• 2022

Traffic safety and congestion are becoming more and more serious, especially the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents, which have caused great casualties and economic losses. Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) can assist in safe driving and improve traffic efficiency through real-time information sharing and communication between vehicles. All vehicles communicate directly with Base Stations (BS), which will increase the base station load. And when the communicating vehicles are too far apart, too fast or there are obstacles in the communication path, the communication link can be unstable or even interrupted. Therefore, choosing an effective and reliable multi-hop relay-assisted Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication can not only reduce the base station load and improve the system throughput but also expand the base station coverage and improve the communication quality of edge vehicles. Therefore, a communication area division scheme based on regular hexagon segmentation technology is proposed, a relay-assisted V2V communication mechanism is designed for the divided communication areas, and an efficient communication link is constructed by selecting the best relay node. Simulation results show that the scheme can improve the throughput of the system by nearly 55% and enhance the robustness of the V2V communication link.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) is a special type of vehicle ad-hoc network (VANET), and known as a solution to provide communication among vehicles and reduce vehicle accidents. Geographical routing protocols as Greedy Perimeter Sateless Routing (GPSR) are very suitable for the V2V communication due to special characters of highway and device for vehicles. However, the GPSR has problem that appears local maximum by some stale neighbor nodes in the greedy mode of the GPSR. It can lose transmission data in recovery mode, even if the problem is can be solved by the recovery mode of the GPSR. We therefore propose a Greedy Perimeter Reliable Routing (GPRR), can provide more reliable data transmission, to resolve the GPSR problem in the V2V environment. Simulation results using ns-2 shown that the GPRR reveals much better performance than the GPSR by remarkably reducing the local maximum rate in the greedy mode.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

Smart Grid is a next-generation intelligent grid to optimize energy efficiency by integrating information and communication technologies to the existing power grid as a two-way exchange of information. HPGP communication standard for smart grid implementation has been developed for the emerging smart energy, home automation, electric vehicle communications applications. HPGP communication standard has the advantage of reducing cost and power consumption. Also, it can be interoperated with the previous HPAV communication standard. For the introduction of a new communication standard, the analysis of the reliability and interoperability verification is required. In this paper, we present sniffer test method as reliability test method about power line communication between PEV(Plug-in Electric Vehicle) and EVSE(Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment). Power line communication between PEV and EVSE is one of the most important Smart Gird applications. Also, we analyzed sniffer test results about power line communication based on HPGP between PEV and EVSE by using QCA7000 device, AVitar and Tool kit.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.865-882
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• 2017

To improve passenger convenience and safety, today's vehicle is evolving into a "connected vehicle," which mounts various sensors, electronic control devices, and wired/wireless communication devices. However, as the number of connections to external networks via the various electronic devices of connected vehicles increases and the internal structures of vehicles become more complex, there is an increasing chance of encountering issues such as malfunctions due to various functional defects and hacking. Recalls and indemnifications due to such hacking or defects, which may occur as vehicles evolve into connected vehicles, are becoming a new risk for automakers, causing devastating financial losses. Therefore, automakers need to make voluntary efforts to comply with security ethics and strengthen their responsibilities. In this study, we investigated potential security issues that may occur under a connected vehicle environment (vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and internal communication). Furthermore, we analyzed several case studies related to automaker's legal risks and responsibilities and identified the security requirements and necessary roles to be played by each player in the automobile development process (design, manufacturing, sales, and post-sales management) to enhance their responsibility, along with measures to manage their legal risks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 2000

An nonlinear observer-based longitudinal control law for vehicles is presented in this paper. It is assumed that for vehicle i knows only the distance between vehicle i and the preceding vehicle, i-1. An nonlinear state observer for vehicle I is developed to estimate the velocity and acceleration of the preceding vehicle, i-1. The communication of the position, velocity, and acceleration information is not used in the proposed method. It will be shown by mathematical analysis that the longitudinal control of vehicle can be implemented without an communication of the informations. It will be proven that the observation errors of the nonlinear states converge to zero asymptotically. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation results are presented for the longitudinal control of the vehicle.