• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2019

LID facilities do not consider environmental factors, and due to inappropriate vegetation planting causing degradation in efficiency due to plant damage and difficulty in maintenance. Therefore, in this study, assessment of impact environmental factor by seasonal variation of chlorophyll and growth of vegetation planted in LID technologies and change of pollutant reduction were conducted. In the case of B-SJ and B-RI, growth rate decreased after summer (August), and B-MG showed steady growth until autumn (September). Chlorophyll was found to increase during spring season while it decreased during autumn season. The chlorophyll concentration was found to affect the plant growth pattern. TN reduction efficiency was highest with greater than 80% efficiency in summer, and it was analyzed that plants were identified as the main factor affecting the seasonal reduction efficiency of TN. Also, temperature and relative humidity were analyzed to affect plant growth, activity and pollutant removal efficiency. Plant type and growth pattern are considered as factors to be considered in selection of appropriate plant types in LID technologies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.6
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• pp.453-461
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• 2005

Structural characteristics and successional trends of actual forest vegetation in Youngil soil erosion control district, South Korea, were studied and described by the phytosociological investigations and diameter measurement. And also the incremental growth pattern of the major trees for erosion control analyzed using increment core. Sixty-eight releves were sampled with $100m^2$ plots. Two main vegetation types (Lespedeza bicolor-Miscanthus sinensis-type and Alnus firma-Styrax japonica-type) have been distinguished and typified nine vegetation units. Constancy classes diagram showed that the higher species (${\geq}IV$) have only 2.6% and that most species occurred were rare and had low abundances. The successional trends of the actual forest vegetation would be mostly changed as Quercus serrata forest. Annual diameter growth was 3.0~3.4 mm in case of conifer (Pinus rigida and Pinus thunbergii), and the broad-leaved trees (Alnus firma, Robinia pseudo-acacia, and Alnus hirsuta) showed 4.3~4.9 mm. The incremental growth patterns showed to be decreased rapidly since twenty to twenty-five years regardless of the species of trees.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 1998

this study was focused on the effects of fire on spatial change of vegetation landscape in rural region. Fire types recognized as erown fire, severe surface fire and light surface fire in order of increasing intensity were described in a fire map. GIS was introduced to understand the relationship between fire types and topographic conditions or vegetation types. We also investigated land-use type and regeneration strategies after burning. Fire intensity depended on topographic conditions and vegetation types. Special land-use type in this area was collection of edible mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake). Mushrooms had been obtained from Pinus densiflora forests existing as edaphic climax or managed artificially. Regeneration strategy in burned areas was to make sprouts from burned oak stumps. A higher density and growth rate of sprouts, as compared to those on unburned areas, facilitated vegetation succession from P. densiflora forest to oak forest and consequently led to change of landscape pattern.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 1993

Stands profiles, yearly changes in growth of annual rings, age and diameter structure, and spatial distribution pattern of individuals in the Pinus densiflora stands around the Yeocheon industrial complex were investigated. Growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora, which survived when vegetation of this area was damaged by air pollutants, was suppressed for about 10 years since 1974 when factories in this area began to operate, but since then such suppressed growth tended to be recovered. It was supposed that the suppresed growth was originated from air pollution and that improvement of growth since the suppressed period was due to the release from competition with them by death of neighbouring trees and the resuction of the amount of air pollutants. Physiognomy of Pinus densiflora stands showed mosaic pattern composed of different patches. Spatial distribution pattern of individuals an stand profiles were similar to those of Pinus densiflora stands regenerated after natural and artificial disturbances. In an age distribution diagram, age of Pinus densiflora population ranged from 1 to 33 years, Among these individuals were recrited corresponded to the suppresed period of growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora survived when the vegetation was damaged by air pollution. On the other hand, from the result of analysis of frequency distribution diagram of diameter, it was postulated that even if whis Pinus densiflora community can be maintained as it is for the time being, it might be changed to Quercus community with the lapse of time.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2007

Annual vegetation growth patterns are determined by the intrinsic phenological characteristics of each land cover types. So, if typical growth patterns of each land cover types are well-estimated, and a NDVI time-series data of a certain area is compared to those estimated patterns, we can implement more advanced analyses such as a land surface-type classification or a land surface type change detection. In this study, we utilized Terra MODIS NDVI 250m data and compressed full annual NDVI time series data into several indices using the Harmonic Analysis of Time Series(HANTS) algorithm which extracts the most significant frequencies expected to be presented in the original NDVI time-series data. Then, we found these frequencies patterns, described by amplitude and phase data, were significantly different from each other according to vegetation types and these could be used for land cover classification. However, in spite of the capabilities of the HANTS algorithm for detecting and interpolating cloud-contaminated NDVI values, some distorted NDVI pixels of June, July and August, as well as the long rainy season in Korea, are not properly corrected. In particular, in the case of two or three successive NDVI time-series data, which are severely affected by clouds, the HANTS algorithm outputted wrong results.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1997

The taxonomic characteristics of Eupatorium rugosum were reviewed and growth responses under different light intensities were investigated. Changes of soil and vegetation environments at experimental plots on Mt. Namsan were surveyed and the distribution pattern examined. The distribution of E. rugosum was closely related to the content of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil. No competitors which could inhibit the growth of E. rugosum were present. Growth of E. rugosum was highest at a light intensity of 7, 500 lux, but dry weight was highest at a light intensity of 15, 000 lux followed by 30, 000 and 7, 500 lux. Growth in height of E. rugosum under a light intensity of 1, 500 lux continued even though the amount of growth was small. E. rugosum is found throughout the area of Mt. Namsan, and its density is higher at the roadside and in valley regions. E. rugosum appeared at 25 of 50 quadrats on Mt. Namsan, and the mean coverage of E. rugosum in survey quadrats was 12%.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 1993

Stands profiles, yearly changes in growth of annual rings, age and diameter structure, and spatial distribution pattern of individuals in the Pinus densiflora stands around the Yeocheon industrial complex were investigated. Growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora, which survived when vegetation of this area was damaged by air pollutants, was suppressed for about 10 years since 1974 when factories in this area began to operate, but since then such suppressed growth tended to be recovered. It was supposed that the suppresed growth was originated from air pollution and that improvement of growth since the suppressed period was due to the release from competition with them by death of neighbouring trees and the resuction of the amount of air pollutants. Physiognomy of Pinus densiflora stands showed mosaic pattern composed of different patches. Spatial distribution pattern of individuals an stand profiles were similar to those of Pinus densiflora stands regenerated after natural and artificial disturbances. In an age distribution diagram, age of Pinus densiflora population ranged from 1 to 33 years, Among these individuals were recrited corresponded to the suppresed period of growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora survived when the vegetation was damaged by air pollution. On the other hand, from the result of analysis of frequency distribution diagram of diameter, it was postulated that even if whis Pinus densiflora community can be maintained as it is for the time being, it might be changed to Quercus community with the lapse of time. Regeneration; Pinus densiflora; Air pollution; Annual ring; Age structure; Diameter structure; Quercus spp. In these analyses, factors for individual recognition and species recognition were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2006

Because of the phenological variation of vegetation growth in temperate region, it is often difficult to accurately assess the surface conditions of agricultural croplands, grasslands, and disturbed forests by multi-spectral remote sensor data. In particular, the spectral similarity between soil and dry vegetation has been a primary problem to correctly appraise the surface conditions during the non-growing seasons in temperature region. This study analyzes the spectral characteristics of the mixture of dry vegetation and soil. The reflectance spectra were obtained from laboratory spectroradiometer measurement (GER-2600) and from EO-1 Hyperion image data. The reflectance spectra of several samples having different level of dry vegetation fractions show similar pattern from both lab measurement and hyperspectral image. Red-edge near 700nm and shortwave IR near 2,200nm are more sensitive to the fraction of dry vegetation. The use of hyperspectral data would allow us for better separation between bare soils and other surfaces covered by dry vegetation during the leaf-off season.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been used to measure and monitor plant growth, vegetation cover, and biomass from multispectral satellite data. It is also a valuable index in forest applications, providing forest resource information. In this research, an approach for monitoring forest change using MODIS NDVI time series data is explored. NDVI difference-based approaches for a specific point in time have possible accuracy problems and are lacking in monitoring long-term forest cover change. It means that a multi-time NDVI pattern change needs to be considered. In this study, an efficient methodology to consider long-term NDVI pattern is suggested using a harmonic model. The suggested method reconstructs MODIS NDVI time series data through application of the harmonic model, which corrects missing and erroneous data. Then NDVI pattern is analyzed based on estimated values of the harmonic model. The suggested method was applied to 49 NDVI time series data from Aug. 21, 2009 to Sep. 6, 2011 and its usefulness was shown through an experiment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2009

A study on vegetation in the Mangyeong River and Dongjin River basins and the surrounding regions of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land was conducted in a series of efforts to determine the expected ecological changes in the salt marshes, to restore their vegetation, to explore the restoring force of halophyte, to examine the community mechanism and, ultimately, to rehabilitate marshy land vegetation along the lakeside, coastal dune and salt marshes of the Saemangeum Project Area. The findings of the study may be summed up as follows: Five species such as Suaeda japonica, Salicornia herbacea, Atriplex gmelini, Aster tripolium and Suaeda asparagoides that are mostly distributed in the estuary of the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land were analyzed to examine the mechanism of halophyte to maintain their community. To find out the strategies of plants for survival and the cause of forming community structure, a research was made as for appearance ratio of biomass, root lengths and germination. With regard to biomasses of halophyte, the biomass of Suaeda japonica increases rapidly, while Salicornia herbacea adopts a strategy of unstable growth pattern by which the biomass increases slowly in parallel with its slow speed of growth since initial appearance of young sapling. In contrast, Suaeda asparagoides, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium choose to adapt themselves to environment promptly by being transformed into life form of annual or biennial plant, a pattern that is presumed to be favorable and stable for survival in the later stage of growth. In short, there is a sharp distinction among the 5 species: i.e. Suaeda japonica that begins to grow fast in the length of surface and underground section but slows down from the mid-stage on; Salicornia herbacea that grows slowly in the beginning step but starts to step up from the middle onward; Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium growing slowly in the initial stage but fast later on; and Suaeda asparagoides that turns from the constant growth in the beginning to rapid growth in the later period. The outcomes of the analysis into status of growth and influencing factors of Suaeda japonica in the sowing field that is most widely prevalent in the Saemangeum Reclaimed Land as a sort of ecological pioneer in the salt marshes showed that the average size of grass lands, density and number of individuals increase in the natural sowing field as well as in the plowing field regardless of their physical as well as physico-chemical features of the soil as the season progresses from June to October of a year.