• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제106권2호
• /
• pp.169-185
• /
• 2017

산림식생은 분류방법에 따라 식생유형의 결과가 다를 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 세 종류의 식생분류 방법론을 적용하여 결과를 비교하기 위해 충남 오서산 산림식생을 대상으로 2016년 9월부터 10월까지 총 80개소의 식생조사를 수행하였다. 얻어진 자료를 토대로 상관우점종에 의한 군락유형분류, 종조성에 따른 군락유형분류, 종간연관 분석을 실시하였다. 상관우점종에 의한 군락유형분류를 실시한 결과, 소나무군락, 신갈나무군락, 느티나무군락, 상수리나무군락, 층층나무군락, 졸참나무군락, 일본잎갈나무군락, 리기다소나무군락, 밤나무군락, 백합나무군락의 총 10개의 군락유형으로 구분되었다. 종조성에 따른 유형분류를 실시한 결과, 총 4개의 식생단위와 8개의 종군 유형으로 분류되었다. 종조성 체계의 최상위 수준에서 비목나무군락군으로 대표되어졌으며, 비목나무군락군은 진달래군락(진달래전형군, 쪽동백나무군), 느티나무군락(일본잎갈나무군, 큰개별꽃군)으로 분류되어, 1개 군락군 2개 군락 2개 군의 분류체계를 나타냈다. 종간연관 분석 결과는 크게 두 개의 그룹으로 나누어졌으며, 종조성에 의한 군락유형과 종간연관에 의한 유형은 지형적인 영향이 크게 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다. 조사지의 산림식생은 상관우점종에 의해 10개의 군락유형, 종조성에 의해 8개의 종군단위와 4개의 식생단위, 종간연관에 의해 2개의 유형으로 분류되어, 상관우점종, 종조성(종군유형${\rightarrow}$식생단위), 종간연관 순으로 식생단위가 단순화되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 산림식생은 분류방법론에 따라 다양한 식생유형이 분류되었고 또한 많은 환경요인들의 영향이 작용하고 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제23권
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2005

Vegetation composition and structure of forest community at Mt. Bislsan, Dalseung-Gun, Daegu in Korea, were studied using a qualitative with a quantitative approach and its vegetation types and various ecological characteristics such as the importance values, species diversity of the major component species analyzed. The forest vegetation were classified into 2 community group, 14 community, 6 group, and total of 18 vegetation units. Pinus densiflora distributed mainly from lower at the sea level, while Quercus mongolica tended to distributed upper altitude in Physiognomical vegetation. the species diversity values showed mostly 0.8 and Quercus dentata, Quercus serrato and Cornus controversa Community and so on highly showed to 1.0 and 1.1. According to the results of importance value analysis, the I.V. of pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica highly showed in the tree and subtree layer, and Rhododendron mucronulatum and Lindera obtusiloba and so on highly showed in the shrub.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.62-71
• /
• 2020

Understanding vegetation structure and the relationship with environmental factors has been crucial for restoration and conservation of riparian zones. In this study, we conducted field survey in a riparian zone of Namhan River in South Korea both before and after flooding in order to understand temporal and spatial variations of riparian vegetation. There were significant temporal and spatial variations in species composition, and distribution patterns of vegetation were different along a gradient of elevation above the water level. At low elevation, Zizania latifolia was dominant throughout the field survey periods, and Bidens frondosa began to grow late and dominated both in post-flooding 1 and 2. Prior to flooding, Scirpus radicans and Polygonum thunbergii were widely distributed at middle elevation, while Artemisia vulgaris, Phragmites australis, and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were dominant at high elevation. After flooding, P. thunbergii was dominant at middle elevation with most other species decreasing, and more invasive or pioneer plants, including Artemisia princeps, H. scandens, and Sicyos angulatus, were observed at high elevation. Species composition and distribution patterns were homogeneous at low elevation, whereas dynamic variations of vegetation were observed both temporally and spatially at higher elevations. Elevation and distance from the water front were the most principal factors governing vegetation structure. Furthermore, soil physicochemical properties were also found to determine species composition and distribution patterns. These results indicate that vegetation structure in the riparian zones is formed by the combined effects of hydrological regime and soil physicochemical properties, inherent characteristics of species, and interspecific competition. Understanding of temporal and spatial variations of riparian vegetation may provide useful insights into ecological restoration and conservation of the vegetation within the riparian zones.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2009

Fragmentation due to land developments causes disturbances and changes of composition in forest vegetation. The purpose of the study was to develop the impact assessment model for quantitative distance or degree of disturbance by land developments. This study conducted a survey about structure and composition of forest vegetation to determine degree of impact from land developments. The results of field survey, there was a difference in structure and composition of forest vegetation such as tree canopy, herbaceous cover, and number of vine and alien species the distances from edge to interior area such as 0m, 10m, 20m, 40m, and over 60m. To assess the disturbance of forest vegetation, the factors selected were the rate of vine's cover and appearance of alien species. The impact assessment model about vine species explained by a distance, forest patch size, type of forest fragmentation, and type of vegetation ($R^2$=0.44, p<0.001). The other model about alien species explained by a distance, type of forest fragmentation, type of vegetation, and width of road (85.9%, p<0.005). The models applied to Samsong housing development in Goyang-si, Gyunggi-do. The vines and alien species in the study area have had a substantial impact on forest vegetation from edge to 20 or 40m. The impact assessment models were high reliability for estimating impacts to land developments. The impact of forest vegetation by development activities could be minimized thorough the adoption of the models introduced at the stage of EIA.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.453-460
• /
• 2000

The forest vegetation of Mt. seondal was classified into eight communities and one afforestation by the phytosocialogical method (Z-M method). In general, Quercus mongolica trees occupied most of the area, while afforestation forest was distributed on the lower slope, cultivated land, and at the vicinity of village. The vegetation on the top part of Mt. Seondal was comparatively well preserved, but that in the lower areas has been disturbed heavily by human activity and some had mixed forests composed of pine trees, oaks, ashes, and Rhododendron micrantum shrub. By cluster analysis method. nine groups were identified as follows : Quercus mongolica group, Q. mongolica - Pinus densiflora group, Q. mongolica - Rhododendron schlipen - bachii group, Q. mongolica - Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa group, P. densiflora group, Juglans mandshurica group, Fraxinus mandshurica group, Betula costata group and Larix leptolepis group. These groups showed differences in species composition, but Quercus mongolica, Q. mongolica - P. densiflora, Q. mongolica - R. schlippenbachii and Q. mongolica - S. chinensis for. pilosa groups among them showed very similar floristic composition to each other. In the relationship between polar ordination axes and environmental variables, altitude was the environmental factor determining variation in species composition along axis X and soil moisture was the environmental along axis Y. They were the main factors in determining forest vegetation. The result of cluster analysis and polar ordination for the forest vegetation were corresponded to those of phytosocialogical classification in classifying vegetation.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.42-57
• /
• 2011

We described the above-ground plant species composition and measured a range of soil physico-chemical properties and the composition and size of the soil seed bank in the remnant natural vegetations on the flood plains of the Han River within Seoul, South Korea. We used analysis of variance and multivariate analyses to analyse the data and S${\o}$rensen's similarity index to compare the composition of the vegetation and seed banks. The soils were circum-neutral and composed of mainly sand and silt fractions with a very limited clay component; a gradient based on sand/clay proportions was identified. The soil seed banks varied markedly between- and within-sites and had much greater species diversity than the above-ground vegetation. Two of the major dominants in the vegetation (Miscanthus saccariflorus and Phragmites australis) were found at very low densities in the seed bank. The site differences appeared to be correlated with the sand-clay gradient, suggesting that the soil properties differentially affected seed inputs into the soil, or that the processes than controlled sediment deposition during floods was also important in differentially affecting seed deposition. Lastly, there was relatively little similarity between the vegetation, dominated mainly by perennials, and the seed bank which contained a relatively large proportion of annuals and biennials. This result suggests that after disturbance caused by flooding there is the potential for many other species to colonize. This may impinge on the regeneration potential of the sites and cause concern for the future conservation of these important remnants of natural vegetation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.265-275
• /
• 2006

대구 인접지역 삼림식생에 대한 진행천이의 메카니즘과 잠재자연식생을 추정하였다. DCA 에 의한 요인 분석에서는 해발 고도 및 습도구배에 따라 각 군락의 특성이 결정되는 것으로 나타났으며, 토양의 수분 함량과 유기물 함량 및 전질 소량은 군락이 발달함에 따라 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 종관 연관분석에서는 2개의 종집단으로 크게 구분되었으며, 이들 두 집단의 유형을 결정하는 요인은 기온 및 토양의 수분 요인으로 판단되었다. 특히, 두 종집단은 천이의 진행에 따라 종조성이 달라지는 군락의 발달단계를 보여주는 것으로 보이며, 생활형 조성도 이를 뒷받침하였다. 입지요인 및 종조성에 따라 소나무 군락, 굴참나무군락, 상수리나무군락 및 떡갈나무군락은 졸참나무군락이나 신갈나무군락으로 각각 천이가 진행될 것으로 예측되었다. 본 조사지역의 잠재자연식생은 종조성, 토양환경 및 지형요인에 의하여 산지 중 상부의 신갈나무군락, 계곡부의 고로쇠나무-까치박달군락, 산지 중 하부는 졸참나무군락 의 3개 유형으로 구분되었다. 그리고 신갈나무군락과 고로쇠나무-까치박탈군락은 현존 식생이면서 잠재자연식생이며, 소나무군락은 현재의 종조성 및 해발 영역을 토대로 신갈나무군락과 졸참나무군락으로 각각 발달할 것으로 예측되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.205-215
• /
• 2016

In order to improve water quality in the Paldang Lake, a riparian vegetation belt, treatment wetland, and artificial floating island were designed for introduction in the upland field, the estuary of tributaries, and the section of water facing mountainous land, respectively. We synthesized vegetation information collected from a reference river and found that herbaceous, shrubby, and tree vegetation zones tended to be dominated by Phragmites japonica, Phalaris arundinacea, etc.; Salix gracilistyla, S. integra, etc.; and S. koreensis, S. subfragilis, and Morus alba, respectively. In our plan, the herbaceous vegetation zone, which is established on floodplains with a high frequency of disturbance, will be left in its natural state. A shrubby vegetation zone will be created by imitating the species composition of the reference river in the ecotone between floodplain and embankment. A tree vegetation zone will be created by imitating species composition on the embankment slope. In the treatment wetland, we plan to create emerged and softwood plant zones by imitating the species composition of the Zizania latifolia community, the Typha orientalis community, the P. communis community, the S. integra community, and the S. koreensis community. The floating island will be created by restoring Z. latifolia and T. orientalis for water purification purposes.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제110권4호
• /
• pp.530-542
• /
• 2021

백두대간 보호지역 일본잎갈나무림의 생태적 관리를 위한 기본 단위 설정을 위하여 총 119개 조사구에서 수집한 식생 정보를 바탕으로 TWINSPAN과 DCA ordination 분석을 통하여 현존식생의 유형을 분류하고 그 공간 배열 상태를 파악, 기술하였다. 현존식생 유형은 신갈나무-철쭉형, 신갈나무-조록싸리형, 층층나무-산뽕나무형, 신갈나무-까치박달형, 비목나무-찔레꽃형, 졸참나무-산초나무형, 졸참나무-조릿대형 등 총 7개 유형이 도출되었고 대개 위도, 해발고도, 성립 기간, 시업 이력, 주변 임분 특성, 교란 정도 등에 따른 종조성적 차이를 반영하고 있었다. 또한 일본잎갈나무림과 주변 잠재자연식생(신갈나무림와 졸참나무림)의 종구성적 유사성을 Jaccard 계수에 의해 비교한 결과, 식생유형 간 다소 차이가 있지만 신갈나무림과는 평균 0.21, 졸참나무림과는 평균 0.32로 나타나 아직 전반적으로 종구성이 이질적인 경향이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.363-369
• /
• 1999

Reconstruction of the past vegetational changes of Korea in connection with climate changes enables to understand the impacts of past and future global warming on alpine vegetation. Despite the early appearance of the cold-tolerant vegetation since the Mesozoic Era. the occurrence of warmth-tolerant vegetation during the Oligocene and Miocene implies that most of alpine and subalpine vegetations have been confined to the alpine and subalpine belts of northern Korean Peninsula. The presence of cold-episodes during the Pleistocene. however. might have caused a general southward and downslope expansions of cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation. But the climatic warming trend during the Holocene or post-glacial period eventually has isolated cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation mainly in the northern Korea. but also on scattered high mountains in the southern Korea. The presence of numerous arctic-alpine and alpine plants on the alpine and subalpine belts is mainly due to their relative degree of sensitivity to high summer temperatures. Global warming would cause important changes in species composition and altitudinal distributional pattern. The altitudinal migration of temperate vegetation upward caused by climatic warming would eventually devastate alpine plants.