• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 1994

Object of this study is to suggest the plan for natural vegetation restoration and management by ecological approach. The concept of biotope planting technique was introduced in order to restore the natural vegetation in the northern part of Mt. Nam in Seoul, and Quercus mongolica forests was surveyed so as to obtain the basic data. This study focused on the vegetational context between northern part of Mt. Nam and develop-reserved site. The results are following ; 1. It is suitable to plant 25~30 trees in $100\m^2$ with trees of DBH 10cm and below at intervals of about 2m in canopy layer. In the case of subtree layer of DBH 2cm, about 30 trees were planted at an Intervals of 1.5~2m around in $100\m^2$. 2. In the last step of nature vegetation restoration, it is desiable that canopy density is $5/100\m^2$ and 녀btree one is 10~20/$100\m^2$. 3. Management plans was proposed to use the native species of Mt. Nam around and to investigate the ecological situation once a year such as species introduce, dead-tree, soil, fauna etc.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand the vegetation structure of the Corylopsis coreana habitats in South Korea and their correlation with environmental factors, in order to provide basic data for preparing conservation. A total of 40 vegetation survey plots were established in around Southern region, Gangwon-do and Gyeonggi-do Province. The cluster analysis revealed four distinct clusters: Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora (QmPd), Castanea crenata (Cc), Quercus mongolica (Qm), and Pinus koraiensis (Pk). Among them, the QmPd cluster was selected as the representative community. Soil texture analysis that most areas consisted of loamy soil and were distributed on the northern aspects. The plantation, represented by Pk, exhibited a high content of exchangeable aluminum (5.227±0.342 mg/kg), suggesting the need for soil improvement and monitoring in these habitats. The canopy openness (forest gap) ranged from 11% to 21%, indicating a relatively closed canopy in many survey plots. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated heterogeneous species composition between the QmPd cluster and the Pk cluster (total R² = 0.608).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2012

GRS is an effective urban ecology restoration technique that can manage a variety of environmental functions such as ecological restoration, rainwater spill control and island heat effect from a low-impact development standpoint that can be utilized in new construction and retrofits. Recently, quantitative evaluation studies, both domestic and abroad, in the areas related to these functions, including near-earth surface climate phenomenon, heavy rainwater regulation, thermal environment of buildings, have been actively underway, and there is a trend to standardize in the form of technological standards. In particular, centered on the advanced European countries, studies of standardizing the specific insulation capability of buildings with green system that comprehensively includes the green roof, from the perspective of replacing the exterior materials of existing buildings, are in progress. The limitation of related studies in the difficulties associated with deriving results that reflect material characteristics of continuously evolving systems due in part to not having sufficiently considered the main components of green system, mechanisms of vegetation, soils. This study attempts to derive, through EnergyPlus, the effects that the vegetation-related indicators such as vegetation height, FCV, etc. have on building energy load, by interpreting vegetation and soil mechanisms through plant canopy model and using an ecological standard indicator LAI that represent the condition of plant growth. Through this, the interpretations that assume green roof system as simple heat insulation will be complemented and a more practical building energy performance evaluation method that reflects numerical methods for heat fluxes phenomena that occur between ecology restoration systems comprised of plants and soil and the ambient space.

• 대기
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.295-309
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• 2021

Diurnal variations of air temperature and relative humidity in the Urban Canopy Layer (UCL) of the Seoul metropolitan area are examined using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Seoul National University Urban Canopy Model. The canopy layer air temperature is higher than 2-m air temperature and exhibits a more rapid rise and an earlier peak in the daytime. These result from the multiple reflections of shortwave radiation and longwave radiation trapping due to the urban geometry. Because of the absence of vegetation in the UCL and the higher canopy layer air temperature, the canopy layer relative humidity is lower than 2-m relative humidity. Additional simulations with building height changes are conducted to examine the sensitivities of the canopy layer meteorological variables to the urban canyon aspect ratio. As the aspect ratio increases, net sensible heat flux entering the UCL increases (decreases) in the daytime (nighttime). However, the increase in the volume of the UCL reduces the magnitude of change rate of the canopy layer air temperature. As a result, the canopy layer air temperature generally decreases in the daytime and increases in the nighttime as the aspect ratio increases. The changes in the canopy layer relative humidity due to the aspect ratio change are largely determined by the canopy layer air temperature. As the aspect ratio increases, the canopy layer relative humidity is generally increased in the daytime and decreased in the nighttime, contrary to the canopy layer air temperature.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.72-86
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• 2022

본 연구는 거제도 학동 일대에 분포하는 상록활엽수림의 식물군집구조 특성을 파악하기 위하여 진행하였다. 조사구는 교목층, 아교목층, 관목층에 생달나무, 참식나무, 후박나무 등이 우점하거나 출현하는 식생군락 또는 입지환경의 변화가 있는 지역을 대상으로 52개의 방형구를 설정하였다. TWINSPAN에 의한 군락 분류 결과, 참식나무-생달나무군락, 생달나무-동백나무군락, 동백나무군락, 굴참나무-동백나무군락, 동백나무-생달나무군락, 구실잣밤나무군락, 곰솔군락, 굴피나무-예덕나무군락으로 구분되었다. 잠재자연식생을 반영한 난대림의 천이계열은 상록침엽수와 낙엽활엽수는 상록활엽수로 이행된다라는 연구 결과를 반영한다면, 곰솔, 굴피나무, 굴참나무 등이 우점하는 군락은 생달나무, 참식나무 등의 상록활엽수림으로 진행될 것으로 추정되었다. 교목층과 아교목층에서 생달나무, 참식나무, 구실잣밤나무의 세력이 우세한 지역은 인위적인 교란이 없다면 현상태를 유지할 것이다. 환경요인과 식생분포간의 관계를 살펴보면, 토양의 물리적 특성 중 점토가 직간접적으로 영향을 미쳤는데 이는 급경사지에 입지하였기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. 그 외에 토양산도(pH) 5~5.84, 전기전도도 0.047~0.139dS/m, 유기물함량 3.32~12.06%로 군락별 차이는 있었으나 전반적으로 낮았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2009

In order to determine air temperature difference by canopy layer in the forest, air temperatures were observed at Seolleung Park, Gahngnam-ku, Seoul. from November 9, 2007 to November 8, 2008 by 10 minute interval. The data were analyzed in terms of diurnal variation based on annual and monthly temperature difference. Using calm, less cloudy and no rainy weather data, average air temperature difference between forest and grass was observed as $0.8^{\circ}C$. The maximum air temperature difference was observed at 22:10, 23:20, 23:30 and 23:40 by $2.13^{\circ}C$ and the minimum one observed at 13:00 by $-0.84^{\circ}C$ in diurnal variation. The maximum temperature difference occurred at 19 : 50 on September by $3.67^{\circ}C$, Overall the air temperature in the forest was higher than that of grass at night and lower in midday.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.512-514
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• 2005

Accurate DEM surface of forest floor is very important to extract any meaningful information regarding forest stand structure, such as tree heights, stand density, crown morphology, and biomass. In airborne lidar data processing, DEM data of forest floor is mostly generated by interpolating those elevation points obtained from last laser returns. In this study, we try to analyze the property of the last laser return under relatively dense forest canopy. Airborne laser data were obtained over the study area in relatively dense pine plantation forest. Two DEM data were generated by using all the points in the last laser returns and using only those points after removing non-ground points. From the preliminary analysis on these DEM data, we found that more than half of points among the last laser returns are actually hit from canopy, branches, and understory vegetation that should be removed before generating the surface DEM data.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2009

A new polarimetric SAR image classification technique based on the degree of polarization (DoP) and the co-polarized phase-difference (CPD) is presented in this paper. Since the DoP and the CPD of a scattered wave provide information on the randomness of the scattering and the type of scattering mechanisms, at first, the statistics of the DoP and CPD are examined with measured polarimetric SAR image data. Then, a DoP-CPD diagram with appropriate boundaries between six different classes is developed based on the SAR image. The classification technique is verified using the JPL AirSAR and ALOS PALSAR polarimetric data. The technique may have capability to classify an SAR image into six major classes; a bare surface, a village, a crown-layer short vegetation canopy, a trunk-layer short vegetation canopy, a crown-layer forest, and a trunk-dominated forest.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.533-536
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• 2007

The LiDAR data structure has the potential for modeling in three dimensions because the LiDAR data can represent voxels with z value under certain defined conditions. Therefore, it is possible to classify the physical damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire as using the LiDAR data because the physical loss of canopy height and width by forest fire can be relative to an amount of points reached to the ground through the canopy of damaged forest. On the other hand, biological damage of vegetation by forest fire can be explained using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) which show vegetation vitality. In this study, we graded the damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun of South Korea using the LiDAR data for physical grading and digital aerial photograph including Red, Green, Blue and Near Infra-Red bands for biological grading. The LiDAR data was classified into 2 classes, of which one was Serious Physical Damaged (SPD) and the other was Light Physical Damaged (LPD) area. The NDVI was also classified into 2 classes which are Serious Biological Damaged (SBD) and Light Biological Damaged (LBD) area respectively. With each 2 classes ofthe LiDAR data and NDVI, the damaged area by forest fire was graded into 4 degrees like damaged class 1,2,3 and 4 grade. As a result of this study, 1 graded area was the broadest and next was the 3 grade. With this result, we could know that the burned area by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun was damaged rather biologically because the NDVI in 1 and 3 grade appeared low value whereas the LiDAR data in 1 and 3 grade included light physical damage like the LPD.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2015

The vegetation index is a crucial parameter in many biophysical studies of vegetation, and is also a valuable content in ecological processes researching. The OVIs (Optical Vegetation Index) that of using multispectral and hyperspectral data have been widely investigated in the literature, while the RVI (Radar Vegetation Index) that of considering volume scattering measurement has been paid relatively little attention. Also, there was only some efforts have been put to fuse the OVI with the RVI as an integrated vegetation index. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel FVI (Fusion Vegetation Index) that uses multispectral and full-PolSAR (Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. By fusing a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of RapidEye and an RVI of C-band Radarsat-2, we demonstrated that the proposed FVI has higher separability in different vegetation types than only with OVI and RVI. Also, the experimental results show that the proposed index not only has information on the vegetation greenness of the NDVI, but also has information on the canopy structure of the RVI. Based on this preliminary result, since the vegetation monitoring is more detailed, it could be possible in various application fields; this synergistic FVI will be further developed in the future.