• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.1
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to classify forest communities and to aggregate forest cover types for the complex and diversified natural forest areas of Guryongsan, Sobaeksan, Baekhwasan, Sokrisan, and Baekhaksan in the middle part of Baekdudaegan. The vegetation data were collected by point-centered quarter sampling method. One thousand one hundred fourteen sample points were subjected to cluster analysis to classify 27 forest communities, which were aggregated into 7 representative forest cover types on the basis of community similarity from composition of canopy species. They were Quercus mongolica forest cover type, mixed mesophytic forest cover type, Q. variabilis forest cover type, Pinus densiflora forest cover type, the others deciduous forest cover type, Q. serrata forest cover type, and subalpine forest cover type. The Q. mongolica forest cover type was most widely distributed in the study areas. It was assumed that abundance of Q. mongolica might be negatively associated with species diversity. Mixed mesophytic forest cover type and the others deciduous forest cover type were commonly distributed in the areas of valley, on the other hand, Q. mongolica cover type and P. densiflora cover type tended to be distributed in the areas of ridge.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.62-71
• /
• 2017

In this study, in order to examine the change of soil animals by vegetation restoration types, experimental sites with biotope restoration method, forest topsoil paving method, small diameter trees planting method and multi-layer community planting method were applied and the control site was selected. The naturalness of soil animals was analysed by studying the change of soil animals. It was confirmed that the control site has a high level of the naturalness of soil animals as it includes a mixture of fauna sensitive and insensitive to environment distributed widely over the site. The experimental site with biotope restoration method showed a similar level of the naturalness of soil animals as the control site. Furthermore, the naturalness of soil animals in the experimental sites with small diameter trees planting method and multi-layer community planting method also showed a progressive restoration although the level of the naturalness of soil animals is lower than the experimental site with the biotope restoration method. Therefore, it is confirmed that the experimental site with biotope restoration method shows a faster recovery of soil animal than other sites. This is because this method uses the portion of topsoil and subsoil that were dug from the intact forest during transplantation.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.126-135
• /
• 2016

The surveys of weed species in pastures were conducted in Jeju Island, Pyeongchang Gangwon, and Seosan Chungnam throughout 2013, 2014, and 2015 in order to understand the current status of the weed flora in Korean pastures and to utilize the survey data for basic measure of them. From the surveys, 275 species of 52 families including 83 exotic species were identified and classified into 77 species of annuals, 55 species of biennials and 143 species of perennials. Looking regionally, 207 species of 49 families, 62 species of 14 families, and 136 species of 36 families were occurred in Jeju, Pyeongchang and Seosan, respectively. Based on the importance values, the most dominant species was Rumex obtusifolius followed by Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens, Digitaria ciliaris, Rumex acetosella etc. in order. The dominance of exotic species was the highest in Rumex obtusifolius followed by Trifolium repens, Rumex acetosella, Erigeron annuus etc. According to the surveys of past and present a pasture weed community has been changed, i.e., Erigeron annuus, Artemisia princeps, and Potentilla fragarioides var. major were dominant in 1990 and Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens and Rumex acetosella were dominant in 2004. On the other hand, the dominant species at the pastures were changed into Rumex obtusifolius, Artemisia princeps, and Trifolium repens in 2015.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.13
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1995

This research was conducted to investigate morphological and genetic variation of Allium victorialis val. platyphyllum which growed wild in Mt. Hambaek, Mt. Odae, and Ullungdo. The tree layer of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum community in Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae was dominated by Quercus mongolica. The tree layer of Ullungdo generally consist of Fagus crenata var. multinervis, Acer triflorum, Sorbus commixta, and Tilia insularis. In the herb layer, Rumohra standishii, Trillium tschonoskii, and Lilium hansonii are common at Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum community in Ullungdo. The vegetation in Ullungdo was widely different from those in Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae by species composition. The result of Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Canonical Discriminent Analysis of by the 8 characters showed that Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum could be classified into 2 groups: (one ; Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae, the other ; Ullungdo). In PCA, the major factors in the first principal component group was angle of leaf apex. Variation of band by isozyme GOT(glautamate oxaloaccetate transaminase) is similar between Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae. However, Ullungdo differed from Mt. Hambaek and Mt. Odae in variation of bands.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.29-46
• /
• 1991

Benthic marine algal community of a sea bank at Joomoonjin, in the eastern coast of Korea, was investigated monthly in view of floristic composition and seasonal periodicity during from August, 1989 to July 1990. Total number of benthic alga identified were 70 taxa, which composed of 7 species of Chlorophyta, 21 species of Phaeophyta and 42 species of Rhodophyta. The dominant species were Sargassum horneri, Underia pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica and Pachymeniopsis sp.. Vegetation, from the point of phygiognomy, was a mosaic type by these dominant species. The flora was compared with similarity index using S${\phi}$rensen coefficient and grouped by a cluster analysis. As a result, the algal community of this area could be divided into two clusters at similarity level 45% : Flora of water temperature-ascending period(January-July) and flora of water temperature-descending period(August-December). And also, the former flora was subdivided into two clusters at point of the $14^{\circ}C$ sea water temperature : winter flora(January-April) and spring-summer flora(May-July). The flora of this area was characterized as a mixed flora of cold and temperature zone by Cheney's index.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.127-142
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to understand the interrelationships between tree species in plant communities through Plant Social Network (PSN) analysis using a large amount of vegetation data surveyed in an island area belonging to a warm-temperate boreal forest. The Machilus thunbergii, Castanopsis sieboldii, and Ligustrum japonicum, which belong to the canopy layer, Pittosporum tobira and Ardisia japonica, which belong to the shrub layer and Trachelospermum asiaticum and Stauntonia hexaphylla, which belong to the vines, appearing in evergreen broad-leaved climax forest community, showed strong positive association(+) with each other. These tree species had a negative association or no friendly relationship with deciduous broad-leaved species due to the large difference in location environments. Divided into 4 group modularizations in the PSN sociogram, evergreen broad-leaved tree species in Group I and deciduous broad-leaved tree species in Group II showed high centrality and connectivity. It was analyzed that the arrangement of tree species (nodes) and the degree of connection (grouping) of the sociogram can indirectly estimate environmental factors and characteristics of plant communities like DCA. Tree species with high centrality and influence in the PSN included T. asiaticum, Eurya japonica, Lindera obtusiloba, and Styrax japonicus. These tree species are common with a wide range of ecological niches and appear to have the characteristics and survival strategies of opportunistic species that commonly appear in forest gaps and damaged areas. They will play a major role in inter-species interactions and structural and functional changes in plant communities. In the future, long-term research and in-depth discussions are needed to determine how these species actually influence plant community changes through interactions

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.86 no.4
• /
• pp.509-520
• /
• 1997

This is a report on the early vegetation, plant community structure, and secondary succession of cut and uncut sites of burned areas in Mt. Gumo-sun. The forest fire occurred on April, 1994 and the pine forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The investigation was carried out from April, 1995 to October, 1996. The results are summarized as follows : The floristic composition of cut and uncut sites of burned area and unburned area were composed of 32, 36, and 34 kinds of vascular plants respectively. The biological spectra showed the $H(G)-D_1-R_5-e$ type, $H(M)-D_1-R_5-e$ and $M(N)-D_1-R_5-e$ in cut, uncut, and unburned site respectively. The dominant species based on $SDR_3$ of the cut site were Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(100.00). Caret humilis(52.27), Quercus serrata(51.19) and Lysimachia clethroides(39.40), however, in the uncut sites the dominant species were Quercus acutissima(56.91), Pinus densiflora(26.83) in the tree layer, Quercus serrata(50.43), Lindera glauca(40.51), Lespedeza bicolor(37.85) in the shrub layer, and Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(72.27), Pteridium aquilium var. latiusculum(60.92), Carex humilis(63.63) in the herb layer. Pinus densiflora(99.88), Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(82.74), Quercus serrata(77.47) and Carex humilis(74.02) were dominant in the unburned site. The species diversity(H) and evenness index(e) were 1.05, 0.70 and 1.32, 0.85 in the cut and uncut site, respectively and 0.22, 0.63 in the unburned site. Dominance index(C) was 0.15, 0.06 and 0.96 in the cut, uncut site and unburned site, respectively. Degree of succession(DS) was 345.19, 747.47 and 674.34 in cut, uncut and unburned site, respectively. The index of similarity(CCs) was 0.66 between cut and uncut sites, 0.50 between unburned and cut sites and 0.61 between unburned and uncut sites. The amount of exchangeable sodium, calcium, magnesium and soil pH were increased, but the amount of organic matter, available phosphous, total nitrogen, total carbon and exchangeable potassium were decreased in cut site after fire.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.29-44
• /
• 1999

Vegetation structure and distribution of the vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes, and the growth pattern, standing crop and amounts of nutrient uptake by Salix species were investigated in the upper stream wetlands of the Namgang-Dam, Chinju-city, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea from April to November in 1997. The flora was composed of 43 hydrophytes and 241 hygrophytes, or total 284 vascular plants. The life forms of the hydrophytes were classified as 27 kinds of emergent plants, 4 floating-leaved plants, 3 free-floating plants, and 9 submersed plants. In the herb layer, the dominant species was Persicaria hyciropiper, and the ranges of the species diversity indices (H'), equitabilities, (J') and community similarity indices (CCs) were 1.59~1.89, 0.87~0.96, and 0.35~0.83, respectively. In the shrub and subtree layers, 17 kinds of Salix species were supposed to the pioneer plants at the early stage of the succession. The number of branches per main stem of Salix species was 5.0. The DBH class-frequency histograms of Salix species were the reverse J type, and the natural regeneration of the Salix community was expected. Basal area of Salix species per square meter was $24.87cm^2$. Volume of Salix species per square meter was $12,008cm^3$ and total phytomass of the Salix species was estimated as 12,894 ton. Biomass distribution of Salix species in the stem, the branch and twig, and the leaf was 64.1%, 28.1%, and 7.8%, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by Salix species were 68,022 and 19,823 kg. It was recommended that application and conservation of the wetland and other counterplans are indispensable to reduce the adverse effects of water pollution and to preserve the wetland ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.98 no.1
• /
• pp.94-105
• /
• 2009

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) stand is representative lowland exotic plantation with low ecological quality and arrested succession in South Korea. To facilitate succession and restore natural vegetation, small canopy gaps (${\sim}57m^2$), which can modify minimally structural variables and reduce restoration related disturbances on stand, was established in the black locust stand, and oak (Quercus serrata) seedlings were introduced in the gap. Two types of varying levels were introduced for gap creation; cutting (C) and girdling (G) on canopies. Understory removal (CU and GU) treatment was applied as subtypes of structural modification. Growth (diameter, height and leaf area) of target species and responses (species composition, diversity and coverage) of understory community were monitored during study years (2007~2008). Canopy openness was different significantly among treatments but not for light availability. Based on the result of logistic regression, growth of height and leaf area of seedlings were significant variables on seedling survival. Height and leaf area of seedlings were increased during study years, although radial growth was reduced. During study years, there were no significant differences in species composition and diversity, and total coverage increased about 20%. Increase of resources by gap creation and understory removal likely affect growth of target species. Small gap creation was effective to reduce understory responses in composition and diverstiy. Synthesized, growth of target species and responses of understory community to small canopy gap creation exhibited, in short term, possibility of utilization in alternative forest restoration and management option. Long-term monitoring is necessary to certificate effect of artificial gap creation on forest restoration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.78 no.2
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 1989

The habitat typing method of classification based on community has been developed on many forested areas in the ROCKY MOUNTAINS of WESTERN NORTH AMERICA, and is being used in providing an objective principle of guide for classification of forest sites, land classification, vertical distribution and multipurpose management of forest. I actually made a trial of forest habitat type classification - The methodology can be segmented into a number of tasks including reconnaissance, selection of stands to be sampled, location of plots, data gathering, preliminary and computer analysis, preparation of key- and map of habitat type and description for each habitat type in a view of forest management - on UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA FORESTS in order to examine whether its application is fit or not in korean forest circumstances : these are composed mainly of artificial forest and forest in the early stage of succession. The main results obtained from this study were summarized as follows 1. A hierarchical classification-Climax, Habitat type and Phases-of forest sites was developed using the habitat typing method of classification. 2. A diagnostic key is provided for field identification of the types based upon presence and number of indicator species, and forest managers could prepare a map of habitat type and classify forest habirat types by reference to it. 3. The classified habitat types were considered to be effective on providing an objective principle of guide for multipurpose management of forest including potential productivity for timber, feed productivity of forage and wildlife, selection of the right species in the right sites, application of method of treatment and so forth. 4. Forest habitat type classifications based upon extrapolation which used relict species and associated stands is considered to be suitable for korean forest circumstances and objective in studying potential vegetation, vertical and horizontal distribution of forest.