• 제목/요약/키워드: Vegetable oils

검색결과 305건 처리시간 0.026초

$Al_2O_3$ 지지 CaO촉매에 의한 식물유와 혼합지방의 바이오디젤화 (Conversion of Vegetable Oils and Mixed Fat into Biodiesel Using $Al_2O_3$-Supported CaO Catalyst)

  • 현영진
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.421-426
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    • 2010
  • The transesterification of rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and mixed fat were conducted at $65^{\circ}C$ with $Al_2O_3$-supported CaO, 0.8 wt% KOH, 1 wt% NaOH and mixed catalyst. The overall conversion(%) of rapeseed oil indicated to be 96% at the 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 8 wt% CaO and 2 wt% water. The pH ranges of biodiesel for mixed fat using four catalysts and for three fats using 8wt% CaO were 7.3-9.1, 7.3-7.5, respectively. The volumes of water needed to wash biodiesel from rapeseed oil using 0.8 wt% KOH and 8 wt% CaO were 15 mL and 3 mL.

Molecular Strategy for Development of Value-Added Sesame Variety

  • Chung, Chung-Han
    • 동아시아식생활학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 동아시아식생활학회 2004년도 참깨과학 국제학술대회 발표 논문집
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    • pp.13-30
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    • 2004
  • There are two groups of significant functional constituents in sesame seeds on the whole; one is the vegetable oils and another is the anti-oxidative compounds. However, although high amounts of major fatty acids are synthesized in sesame seeds, their composition is unfavorable because the contents of alpha- and gamma-linolenic acid, the essential fatty acids, are very low or do not produced in sesame seeds. So, to increase these fatty acids in sesame seeds, one strategy is to overexpress their genes, ${\omega}$-3 fatty acid desaturase for alpha-linolenic acid and delta-6 fatty acid desaturase for gamma-linolenid acid, in them. Another molecular target is to enhance alpha-tocopherol, vitamin E, because its content is very low in sesame seeds. The enzyme, gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase, catalyzes the conversion of gamma-tocophero to alpha-tocopherol. Overexpression of this enzyme in sesame seeds could be also a good molecular breeding target. Reduction of phytic acid is also another molecular target in sesame seeds because phosphorus pollution may be caused by its high content in sesame seeds. Accordingly, to do so, one of target enzymes could be myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase which is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of phytic aicd biosyntheses. In this lecture, a molecular strategy for development of value-added sesame crop is described in association with some results of our experiments involved in the molecular characterizations of the genes mentioned above.

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Transesterification Using the Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate of Photobacterium lipolyticum Lipase M37

  • Han, Jin-Yee;Kim, Hyung-Kwoun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제21권11호
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    • pp.1159-1165
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    • 2011
  • Biodiesel is methyl and ethyl esters of long-chain fatty acids produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. Lipase enzymes have occasionally been used for the production of this biofuel. Recently, biodiesel production using immobilized lipase has received increased attention. Through enhanced stability and reusability, immobilized lipase can contribute to the reduction of the costs inherent to biodiesel production. In this study, methanol-tolerant lipase M37 from Photobacterium lipolyticum was immobilized using the cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) method. Lipase M37 has a high lysine content (9.7%) in its protein sequence. Most lysine residues are located evenly over the surface of the protein, except for the lid structure region, which makes the CLEA preparation yield quite high (~93%). CLEA M37 evidences an optimal temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, and an optimal pH of 9-10. It was stable up to $50^{\circ}C$ and in a pH range of 4.0-11.0. Both soluble M37 and CLEA M37 were stable in the presence of high concentrations of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and n-butanol. That is, their activities were maintained at solvent concentrations above 10% (v/v). CLEA M37 could produce biodiesel from olive oil and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. Additionally, CLEA M37 generated biodiesel via both 2-step methanol feeding procedures. Considering its physical stability and reusability, CLEA M37 may potentially be used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, including the biodiesel production reaction.

Single Cell Oil Production from Undetoxified Arundo donax L. hydrolysate by Cutaneotrichosporon curvatus

  • Di Fidio, Nicola;Liuzzi, Federico;Mastrolitti, Silvio;Albergo, Roberto;De Bari, Isabella
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.256-267
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    • 2019
  • The use of low-cost substrates represents one key issue to make single cell oil production sustainable. Among low-input crops, Arundo donax L. is a perennial herbaceous rhizomatous grass containing both C5 and C6 carbohydrates. The scope of the present work was to investigate and optimize the production of lipids by the oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon curvatus from undetoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysates of steam-pretreated A. donax. The growth of C. curvatus was first optimized in synthetic media, similar in terms of sugar concentration to hydrolysates, by applying the response surface methodology (RSM) analysis. Then the bioconversion of undetoxified hydrolysates was investigated. A fed-batch process for the fermentation of A. donax hydrolysates was finally implemented in a 2-L bioreactor. Under optimized conditions, the total lipid content was 64% of the dry cell weight and the lipid yield was 63% of the theoretical. The fatty acid profile of C. curvatus triglycerides contained 27% palmitic acid, 33% oleic acid and 32% linoleic acid. These results proved the potential of lipid production from A. donax, which is particularly important for their consideration as substitutes for vegetable oils in many applications such as biodiesel or bioplastics.

A Microbial Consortium for the Bioremediation of Sulfate-Rich Wastewater Originating from an Edible Oil Industry

  • Pascual, Javier;Rodriguez, Alejandro;Delgado, Clara Elena;Rizo-Patron, Alejandra;Porcar, Manuel;Vilanova, Cristina
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.110-121
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    • 2022
  • The effluents from industries processing vegetable oils are extremely rich in sulfates, often exceeding the maximum concentration allowed to release them to the environment. Biological sulfate reduction is a promising alternative for the removal of sulfates in this type of wastewater, which has other particularities such as an acidic pH. The ability to reduce sulfates has been widely described for a particular bacterial group (SRB: sulfate-reducing bacteria), although the reports describing its application for the treatment of sulfate-rich industrial wastewaters are scarce. In this work, we describe the use of a natural SRB-based consortium able to remove above 30% of sulfates in the wastewater from one of the largest edible oil industries in Peru. Metataxonomic analysis was used to analyse the interdependencies established between SRB and the native microbiota present in the wastewater samples, and the performance of the consortium was quantified for different sulfate concentrations in laboratory-scale reactors. Our results pave the way towards the use of this consortium as a low-cost, sustainable alternative for the treatment of larger volumes of wastewater coming from this type of industries.

지방산 유래 유해물질 관리 동향 (Trends for the management of hazardous substances derived from fatty acids)

  • 신재욱;장길웅
    • 식품과학과 산업
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    • 제55권1호
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    • pp.33-44
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    • 2022
  • More than 500 different compounds have been identified in the cooking process of frying oil as a result of chemical reactions such as oxidation, polymerization, hydrolysis and pyrolysis, 3-MCPDe(3-Monochloropropane -1,2-diol ester) and GE(glycidyl ester) are also included in these compounds. When MCPDe and GE derivatives are absorbed into the body, they are converted into free forms by lipase enzymes, which turn into 3-MCPD and glycidol(2,3-epoxy-1-propanol), respectively. These exhibit genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. As the toxicity of 3-MCPDe and GE is known worldwide, the health risk is being researched. However, regulations have not been established in countries other than the European Union(EU). Several studies for the analysis of 3-MCPDe and GE are being conducted, and direct methods and indirect methods are applied. As a result of analyzing 3-MCPDe and GE contained in commercially available foods by various analysis methods, the content of 3-MCPDe in baby food/infant formula was ND~600 ㎍/mL and GE was ND~750 ㎍/mL. and purified vegetable oils and fats showed <250-8,430 ㎍/mL and 1,880-9,530 ㎍/mL. Thus, 3-MCPDe and GE were detected in various food types, several studies for the reduction of 3-MCPDe and GE are being conducted around the world.

식용유, 카제인 및 칼슘, 마그네슘 첨가식이가 토끼의 혈청 Cholesterol 치에 미치는 영향 (Influence of Edible Oil, Casein, Calcium and Magnesium on Serum Cholesterol Level in Rabbit)

  • 남현근
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.122-136
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    • 1983
  • 식용유 , 카제인 및 칼슘, 마그네슘 첨가식이가 토끼의 혈청 cholesterd치에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 단백질 68.47%, 탄수화물 15.35%, 지방 16.18%, 비타민 A, D, E, C, $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_{12}$, Niacin 등이 포함된 기본사료에 식물성식용유 10%, 카제인 10%, 칼슘, 마그네슘 일정량을 첨가한 사료를 급여하면서 체중변화 및 혈청내의 각종 성분을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 체중증가는 대조군에 비하여 식물성 기름만을 첨가한 군에서는 모두 낮았으나, 참깨기금과 들깨기름에 카제인을 더 첨가한 군에서는 체중증가가 좋았고, 한편 칼슘과 마그네슘을 더 첨가하여 사육한 군에서는 모든 군이 대조군보다 성적이 좋았다. 2. 실험식이 급여 기간에 식이효율, 단백질효율 및 열량효율 등은 들깨기름 첨가군에서 양호하였고, 특히 여기에 칼슘을 첨가한 군에서는 더욱 양호하였다. 3. 혈청 총단백질량은 모든 군에서 별 차이가 없었으나 혈청알부민에 있어서는 카제인을 첨가군이 높았고, ${\alpha}$-글로불린에 있어서는 같은 경우 칼슘 첨가군에서 낮았다. 그러나 들깨기름 첨가군과 여기에 카제인을 첨가한 군에서 가장 높았다. 4. 리포알부민은 모든 실험군에서 큰 차이가 없었으나 콩기름과 칼슘을 첨가한 군에서 낮았다. 그러나 콜레스테롤 함량이 많은 식이군에서 베타리포단백질의 양이 증가하였으나, 들깨기름을 첨가한 군에서 낮았다. 한편 배타리포단백질과 리포알부민의 비는 첨가식이 조성에 따라 0.11~0.26 범위에 있었다. 리포알부민과 리포단백질의 비는 칼슘과 콩기름을 첨가한 군의 값이 크고, 마그네슘과 들깨기름을 첨가한 군의 값이 작았다. 5. 트리글리세리드의 경우에는 참깨기름과 들깨기름을 첨가한 군에서 대조군보다 높은 값을 나타냈으나, 여기에 카제인, 칼슘 및 마그네슘을 더 첨가한 군에서 현저히 저하되었다. 6. 콜레스테롤의 경우에는 식물성기름을 첨가하여 사육한 실험군과 여기에 카제인을 더 첨가한 군에서는 트리글리세리드 함량이 높을 경우 콜레스테롤 함량도 증가하였으나, 콩기름과 칼슘, 들깨기름과 마그네슘을 첨가한 군에서 콜레스테롤량이 현저하게 낮았다. 7. 기본식이에 칼슘을 첨가한 군에 있어서는 혈청칼슘의 양이 증가되었으나 마그네슘의 경우는 낮았다. 혈당치의 경우는 식물성기름을 첨가군에서는 다소 감소되었고, 여기에 칼슘을 첨가한 군에서는 증가하고 마그네슘을 첨가한 군에서는 감소하였다. 8. 실험군별 분석치간의 상관관계는 베타리포단백질, 칼슘, 마그네슘 및 트리글리세리드간에는 상관계수 $${\gamma}{\sim_=}1$$을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 토끼의 혈청콜레스테롤의 양을 감소시킬 수 있는 인자로서 트리글리세리드와 베타리포단백질량을 감소시킬 수 있는 불포화도가 큰 들깨기름과 칼슘과 마그네슘이 2:1의 범위를 벗어나지 않은 조성식이가 좋은 것을 알았다.

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고로쇠나무(Acer mono Max.) 씨앗 기름과 목련나무(Magnolia denudata) 씨앗 기름의 섭취가 마우스의 혈중 지질 수준에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Goroshoe (Acer mono Max.) Seed Oil, and Magnolia denudata Seed Oil on the Lipid Profile in Serum in Mice)

  • 최경순;신경옥;정근희;김용환;허선민
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.770-778
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the effects of intake of Acer mono Max. seed oil, and Magnolia denudata seed oil on the lipid levels of mouse blood were compared to those of commercially available vegetable oils. Five ICR mice were each fed a corn oil, Acer mono Max. seed oil, and Magnolia denudata seed oil supplemented diet for a total of 8 weeks. The serum profiles of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil were high in palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. The saturated fatty acid contents of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil were 3.95% and 0.88%, whereas the unsaturated fatty acid contents were 8.71% and 4.60%, respectively. The liver and spleen weights of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil were higher than those fed corn oil (p<0.05). Total cholesterol level was highest in mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil (p<0.05), whereas there were no significant changes in the cholesterol levels of mice fed Magnolia denudata seed oil and corn oil. The HDL-cholesterol levels in mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil ($175.80{\pm}27.66mg/d{\ell}$) and in those fed Magnolia denudata seed oil ($145.20{\pm}19.10mg/d{\ell}$) were higher compared to those of mice fed corn oil (p<0.05). In conclusion, there were no significant differences in fatty acid composition between mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil. Future study on the antioxidant effects of seed oils should be carried out.

유지의 가열 및 저장에 따른 Trans지방산 생성에 관한 연구 -제2보 ; Trans지방산 함량 및 조성 변화를 중심으로- (The Formation of Trans Fatty Acids with Heat Treatment and Storage of Fats and Oils (II) -The contents and the kinds of Trans fatty acids-)

  • 김덕숙;구본순;안명수
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제6권3호통권12호
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 1990
  • In this study, the cis to trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids were investigated about Soybean oil (SBO), Corn germ oil (CGO), Cottonseed oil (CSO), Margarine (MG), Shortening (ST) incubated at $40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 35 days and heated at $185{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The contents and kinds of trans fatty acids in each sample were determined by GLC after seperating by HPLC. The results were obtained as follows; 1. When samples were incubated at $40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 35 days, the contents of total trans fatty acids were increased from $0.5{\sim}12.3%$ to $0.8{\sim}20.5%$. The kinds of trans fatty acids found were $t-C_{18:1},\;t,c-C_{18:2},\;t,t-C_{18:2},\;t,c,c-C_{18:3}$ in $SBO,\;t-C_{18:1},\;t,c-C_{18:2}$ in $CGO,\;t-C_{16:1},\;t-C_{18:1},\;t,c-C_{18:2},\;t,t-C_{18:2}$ in CSO. Processed oil such as MG and ST showed more complicated composition of trans fatty acids than SBO, CGO and CSO. $t-C_{18:1},\;t,c-C_{18:2},\;t,t-C_{18:2},\;t,c,t-C_{18:3},\;t-C_{20:1}$ were detected in ST. 2. In the case of heating at $185{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, the contents of total trans fatty acid were $1.6{\sim}37%$. 2% in all samples. Heating made more remarkable isomerization than incubation $(40{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$. Specially, $c,c,t-C_{18:3}$ in $SBO,\;t,t,t-C_{18:3}$ in $MG,\;t,c,t-C_{18:3},\;t,t,t-C_{18:3}$ in ST were detected. 3. The total contents of trans fatty acids of processed oil were higher than vegetable oils. During incubation, trans fatty acids increased in the order of MG>ST>CGO>SBO>CSO, and during heat treatment, MG>ST>SBO>CGO>CSO.

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고체산 촉매를 이용해 합성한 diglycerol ester의 전기절연 특성 및 평가 (Insulation Properties and Evaluation of Diglycerol Ester Synthesized by Solid Acid Catalysts)

  • 권미성;백재호;김명환;박대원;이만식
    • 공업화학
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.254-261
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    • 2014
  • 변압기 내부에서 발생한 열의 냉각과 절연의 목적으로 채워지는 전기절연유는 광유가 널리 이용되고 있지만, 유출 시야기되는 환경오염 문제와 열적 불안정성 등의 문제가 있다. 친환경적이고 넓은 온도 범위에서 사용 가능한 전기절연유를 합성하기 위해, 디글리세롤과 두 종류의 지방산을 반응시켜 diglycerol ester를 합성하였다. 서로 다른 특성을 가진 올레산과 카프릴산의 몰비에 따른 절연특성을 분석한 결과, 지방산의 몰비가 Oleic acid:Caprylic acid = 1:3일 때 유동점은 $-50^{\circ}C$, 인화점은 $306^{\circ}C$로 가장 우수한 절연특성을 보였다. 또한, 합성물은 지방산의 전환율이 상승할수록 인화점은 상승하고 유동점은 감소하였다. $SO_4{^{2-}}/ZrO_2$의 소성온도에 따른 촉매특성 및 전환율을 살펴본 결과, $600^{\circ}C$에서 소성한 $SO_4{^{2-}}/ZrO_2$가 결정성을 가지면서 비표면적 당 산점의 밀도가 높아 가장 높은 전환율을 보였다. 합성한 diglycerol ester는 식물성 절연유와 비교했을 때 전반적으로 식물성 절연유보다 우수한 특성을 보였다.