• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2017

Purpose - This study proposes the impact of the US and Korean economic policy uncertainty on macroeconomy, and its effect on Korea. The economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea is used to represent the economic policy uncertainty on Korean economy. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, we collect the eight variables to find out the interrelationship among the US and Korean economic policy uncertainty index of the US and macroeconomic indicators during 1990 to 2016, and use Vector Error Correction Model. Result - The distribution industry stock index in Korea is influenced by the economic policy uncertainty index of the US rather than of Korea. All variables are related negatively to the economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea from Vector Error Correction Model. This study shows that the economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea has the dynamic relationships on the Korean economy. Conclusions - A higher economic policy uncertainty shows a greater economy recession of a country. Finally, the economic policy uncertainty of the Korea has an intensive impact on Korea economy. Particularly, the economic policy uncertainty of the US has a strong impact on distribution industry stock market in Korea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2018

This study aimed to analyze the causality of hairtail prices among import and domestic distribution channels using a Vector Error Correction Model(VECM). The results are as follows. First, since the ADF unit-root test suggests that each of the price variables, apart from retail price, has a unit root, the price variables should be 1st-differenced to secure the stability of the prices. Next, through the Johansen co-integration test, it was discovered that there are long-term relationships among the price variables. On the basis of the co-integration test, VECM analysis shows that the producer price has a long-run balance with the import and wholesale prices. In particular, when the prices deviate from the balance, the producer price dynamically adjusts to return to the long-term relationship among prices. It also indicates that the producer price has an impact on the import, wholesale, and retail prices in the short-term, and the import price has an influence on the producer and wholesale prices. In addition, the impulse response analysis demonstrates that the impulse of import and producer prices has a lasting impact on each of the prices.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.8
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2020

This study investigates the short-run and long-run causal behavior of the Philippine stock market index volatility under vector error correction environment. The variables were tested first for stationarity and then long-run equilibrium relationship. Moreover, an impulse response function was estimated to examine the extent of innovations in the independent variables in explaining the Philippine stock market index volatility. The results reveal that the volatility of the Philippine stock market index exhibit long-run equilibrium relationship with Peso-Dollar exchange rate, London Interbank Offered Rate, and crude oil prices. The short-run dynamics-based VECM estimates indicate that in the short-run, increases (i.e., depreciation) in Peso-Dollar exchange rate cause PSEI volatility to increase. As for the London Interbank Offered Rate, it causes increases in PSEI volatility in the short-run. The adjustment coefficients used with the long-run dynamics validates the presence of unidirectional causal long-run relationship from Peso-Dollar exchange rate, London Interbank Offered Rate, and crude oil prices to PSEI volatility, and bidirectional causal long-run relationship between PSEI volatility and London Interbank Offered Rate. The impulse response functions developed within the VECM framework demonstrate the positive and negative reactions of PSEI volatility to unanticipated Peso-Dollar exchange rate, London Interbank Offered Rate, and crude oil price shocks.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This study examines what are the asset market fluctuations in Europe and how each economic variable affects major variables, and explore the dynamics of housing and stock market through Greece. The variables under consideration are balance on current account (BCA), index of stock (STOCK), gross domestic product (GDP), housing price indices (HOUSING), M3, real rate of interest (IR_REAL) and household credits (LOAN). We investigate the functional and causal relationships between housing and stock market. Research design, data, and methodology - Vector error correction model (VECM) is used to figure out the dynamic relationships among variables. This study also contains the augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root, cointegration, Granger causality test, and impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis by EViews 11.0. Results - The statistical tests show that all variables under consideration have one unit root and there is a longterm equilibrium relationship among variables for Greece. GDP, IR_REAL, M3, STOCK and LOAN can be considered as causal factors to affect real estate market, while GDP, LOAN, M3, BCA and HOUSING can bring direct effects to stock market in Greece. Conclusions - It can be judged that the policy that affects the lending policy of financial institutions may be more effective than the indirect variable such as monetary interest rate.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2020

The paper revisits the author's previous paper to examine short-run and long-run dynamic relationships between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in Korea. The data is updated to the period for which monthly data are available from January 1986 to June 2018 (390 observations) retrieved from the Bank of Korea. The results of Johansen cointegration test indicate that at least one cointegrating equation exists, confirming there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in Korea. The results of vector error correction estimates confirm that: 1) the coefficient of the error correction term is significant with a negative sign, which is, a long-run dynamic relationship is observed between macroeconomic variables and stock prices; 2) for short-run dynamics, the nominal exchange rate of the Korean won per the US dollar is positively related to stock prices, while interest rates are negatively related to stock prices in the short-run; 3) the coefficient of global financial crises is insignificant, that is, the changes of stock prices are determined largely by their own dynamics in the model. The results suggest only that the global financial crises neither cause instability in the cointegrating vector, nor affect significant changes in the endogenous variables in the model.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2022

The objective of this research is to examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock markets in a few developing and developed countries. This study uses daily data from January 2020 to May 2021 and obtained from World Health Organization and Thomson Reuters. The secondary data was evaluated through panel econometric methodology that includes different unit root tests, and to analyze the long-run relationship between variables, panel cointegration techniques were applied. The long-run causality among variables was examined through Panel Vector Error Correction Model. The overall findings of this study suggest a long-run association exists between several cases and death with the stock returns of the GCC and other stock markets. Furthermore, the VECM model also identified a long-run causality running from COVID cases and death towards the stock rerun of both sets of stock markets. However, a subsequent Wald test yielded mixed results, indicating no short-run causality between cases and deaths and stock returns in both groups; however, in the case of GCC, several COVID-19 cases are having a causal impact on stock markets, which is notable in light of the fact that the death rate in GCC is significantly lower than in many developed and developing countries.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2018

Purpose - Taxes cover all aspects of society, especially in terms of resource allocation and economic growth. In reality, the tax revenue is often used to measure the quality of a country's economy. The relationship between tax revenue and economic growth has been paid much attention by academic circles. Due to this background, this paper attempts to investigate the mutual effect between tax revenue and economic growth. Research design, data, and Methodology - The annual datum form 1980 to 2017 are employed to conduct an empirical analysis under the vector error correction model. In this paper, the GDP is treated as an independent variable. The tax revenue is treated as a dependent variable. Furthermore, a menu of statistic approaches will be used to testify the mutual effect between tax revenue and economic growth. Results - Via the co-integration test, the results report that the tax revenue has a positive effect on economic growth in the long run. Through the vector error correction estimation, the results also report that the tax revenue also has a positive effect on economic growth in the short run. Conclusions - This paper provides a view that the tax revenue is a kind of a determinant to promote economic growth. Therefore, the China's government should pay much attention to the improvement of tax revenue system so as to maintain a high-speed economic growth.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.299-312
• /
• 2006

This study examines the relations among wage differentials, trade, and productivity in Korea, using the methodology of Granger causality and vector error correction modelling. Cointegration test results over the 1975-2004 period indicate that all the test variables are cointegrated. Therefore, wage differentials, trade, and productivity are all related in the long run. We found some evidence on long-run relationship, while there is no short-run relationship between three test variables. First, trade and wage differentials have positively and bi-directionally Granger causality in the long-run. Second, productivity Granger causes negatively wage differentials in the long-run. Finally, productivity Granger causes positively trade in the long-run. These results explain partially the current theoretical predictions for wage inequality as well as supports the productivity-led growth hypothesis in the Korean economy.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.397-414
• /
• 2002

This paper presents an empirical analysis of exchange rate volatility, petroleum's import price and industrial production on petroleum imports. The GARCH framework is used to measure the exchange rate volatility. One of the most appealing features of the GARCH model is that it captures the volatility clustering phenomenon. We found one long-run relationship between petroleum imports, import price, industrial production, and exchange rate volatility using Johansen's multivariate cointegration methodology. Since there exists a cointegrating vector, therefore, we employ an error correction model to examine the short-run dynamic linkage, finding that the exchange rate volatility performs a key role in the short-run. This paper also apply impulse-response functions to provide the dynamic responses of energy consumption to the exchange rate volatility. The results show that the response of energy consumption to exchange rate volatility declines at the first month and dies out very quickly.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.329-347
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship between the exchange rate and economic growth, and to induce policy implications. In order to test whether time series data is stationary and the model is fitness or not, we put in operation unit root test, cointegration test. And we apply Granger causality based on an error correction model. The results indicate that uni-dierctional causality between exchange rate and economic growth is detected. Exchange rate impacts on economic growth, but economic growth don't impact on exchange rate. The analysis of impulse reaction function shows that the impulse of exchange rate impacts on Korean economic growth in negative direction. We can infer policy suggestion as follows: The fluctuation of exchange rate much affects economic growth, thus we must make a stable policy of exchange rate to continue economic growth.