• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.108-111
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose an advanced hardware architecture for the CAVLC entropy encoder engine for real time Full HD video compression. Since there are 384 data coefficients which are sum of 376 AC coefficient and 8 DC coefficient per one macroblock, 384 coefficient have to be processed per one macroblock in worst case for real time processing. We propose an novel architecture which includes parallel architecture and pipeline processing, and reduction "0" in AC/DC coefficient table. To verify the proposed architecture, we develop the reference C for CAVLC and verified the designed circuit with the test vector from reference C code.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.35.1-35.1
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• 2019

We present a statistical analysis on the spin-orbit alignment of dark matter halo pairs in cosmological simulations. The alignment is defined as the angular concurrence between the halo spin vector (${\vec{S}}$) and the orbital angular momentum vector (${\vec{L}}$) of the major companion. We identify interacting halo pairs with the mass ratios from 1:1 to 1:3, with the halo masses of 10.8 < $Log(M_{halo}/M_{sun}$) < 13.0, and with the separations smaller than a sum of their virial radii ($R_{12}<R_{1,vir}+R_{2,vir}$). Based on the total energy ($E_{12}$), the pairs are classified into flybys ($E_{12}$ > 0) and mergers ($E_{12}{\leq}0$). By measuring the angle (${\theta}_{SL}$) between ${\vec{S}}$ and ${\vec{L}}$, we confirm a strong spin-orbit alignment signal such that the halo spin is preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum of the major companion. We find that the signal of the spin-orbit alignment for the flyby is weaker than that for the merger. We also find an unexpected excess signal of the spin-orbit alignment at $cos{\theta}_{SL}{\sim}0.25$. Both the strength of the spin-orbit alignment and the degree of the excess depend only on the environment. We conclude that the halo spin is determined by the accretion in a preferred direction set by the ambient environment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 1985

In order to compare the cardiac function of various groups of athletes, the resting electrocardiographic time intervals, amplitudes and vectors were analyzed in high school athletes of throwing(n=7), jumping(n=11), short track(n=8), long track(n=14), boxing(n=7), volleyball(n=8) and baseball(n=9), and nonathletic control students(n= 19). All athletic groups showed a significantly longer R-R interval(0.96-1.09 sec) than the controls (0.78 sec). Therefore, the heart rate was significantly slower in atheletes than in the control, but was not different among the different athletic groups. R-R interval is the sum of intervals of P-R, 0-T and T-P: P-R and Q-T intervals showed no difference among the control and athletic groups, but T-P interval in the jump, short track, long track and boxing groups was significantly higher than the control. R-B interval showed a significant correlation with T-P or Q-T intervals but no correlation with P-R or QRS complex. Comparing the amplitude of electrocardiographic waves, the athletic groups showed a lower trend in P wave than the controls. T wave in lead $V_5\;(Tv_5)$ was similar in the athletic and control groups. The long track group showed a significantly higher waves of $Rv_5$, $Sv_1$, and the sum of $Rv_5$ and $Sv_1$ than not only the controls but also the other athletic group. The angles of P, QRS, and T vector in the frontal and horizontal planes were not different among the control and all the athletic groups. Each athletic group stowed a lower trend in amplitude of P vector in the frontal plane, but in horizontal plane, throwing, jump, short track and baseball groups showed a significantly lower than the controls. The amplitude of QRS and T vector was similar in the athletic and control groups, but only the baseball group showed a significantly higher QRS vector in the frontal plane. In taken together, all the athletic groups showed a slower heart rate than the controls, mainly because of elongated T-P interval. Comparing the electrocardiographic waves and vector, the athletic groups showed lower amplitudes of P wave and P vector than the controls. Values of $Rv_5$ and $Sv_1$ strongly suggest that only the long distance runners among the various athletic groups developed a left ventricular hypertrophy.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

One of the most important problems in bioinformatics is how to extract the useful information from a huge amount of data, and make a decision in diagnosis, prognosis, and medical treatment applications. This paper proposes a weighted kernel function for support vector machine and its learning method with a fast convergence and a good classification performance. We defined the weighted kernel function as the weighted sum of a set of different types of basis kernel functions such as neural, radial, and polynomial kernels, which are trained by a learning method based on genetic algorithm. The weights of basis kernel functions in proposed kernel are determined in learning phase and used as the parameters in the decision model in classification phase. The experiments on several clinical datasets such as colon cancer indicate that our weighted kernel function results in higher and more stable classification performance than other kernel functions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.6A
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• pp.555-561
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• 2002

In this paper, a new designed circuit of highly parallel multiplier using standard basis over $GF(2^m)$ is presented. Prior to construct the multiplier circuit, we provide the Vector Code Generate Module(VCGM) that generate each vector codes for multiplication. Using these VCGMs, we can get all vector codes necessary for operation and modular sum up each independent corresponding basis, respectively. Following the equations in this paper, we can design generalized multiplier to m. For the proposed circuit in this parer, we show the example in $GF(2^4)$ using VCGMs. In this paper, we build a multiplier with VCGMs, AND blocks, and EX-OR blocks. Therefore the proposed circuit is easy to generalize for m and advantageous for VLSI. Also, it need no memory element and the latency not less fewer then other circuit. We verify the proposed circuit by functional simulation and show its result. Finally, we compare the circuit composition with other works and show its result with a table.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.35-47
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• 2001

This paper describes an efficient harmonic-CELP speech coder by taking advantages of harmonic and CELP coders into account. According to frame voicing decision, the proposed harmonic-CELP coder adopts the RP-VSELP coder as a fast CELP in case of an unvoiced frame, or an improved harmonic coder in case of a voiced frame. The proposed coder has main features as follows: simple pitch detection, fast harmonic estimation, variable dimension harmonic vector quantization, perceptual weighting reflecting frequency resolution, fast harmonic synthesis, naturalness control using band voicing, and multi-mode. These features make the proposed coder require very low complexity, compared with HVXC coder To demonstrate the performance of the proposed coder, a 2.4 kbps coder has been implemented and compared with reference coders. From results of informal listening tests, the proposed coder showed good quality while requiring low delay and complexity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

True motion estimation is necessary for deinterlacing, frame-rate conversion, and film judder compensation. There have been several block-based approaches to find true motion vectors by tracing minimum sum-of-absolute-difference (SAD) values by considering spatial and temporal consistency. However, the algorithms cannot find robust motion vectors when the texture of objects is changed. To find the robust motion vectors in the region, a recursive vector selection scheme and an adaptive weighting parameter are proposed. Previous frame vectors are recursively averaged to be utilized for motion error region. The weighting parameter controls fidelity to input vectors and the recursively averaged ones, where the input vectors come from the conventional estimators. If the input vectors are not reliable, then the mean vectors of the previous frame are used for temporal consistency. Experimental results show more robust motion vectors than those of the conventional methods in time-varying texture objects.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 1997

In this paper, a codeword-dependent distance normalization(CDDN) and an instar-formed fuzzy smoothing of output distribution are proposed for robust estimation of output probabilities in the FVQ(fuzzy vector quantization)-DHMM(discrete hidden Markov model). The FVQ-DHMM is a variant of DHMM in which the state output probability is estimated by the sum oft he product of the output probability and its weighting factor for each codeword on an input vector. As the performance of the FVQ-DHMM is influenced by weighting factor and output distribution from a state, it is required to get a method to get robust estimation of weighting factors and output distribution for each state. From experimental results, the proposed CDDN method has reduced 24% of error rate over the conventional FVQ-DHMM, and also reduced 79% of error rate when the smoothing of output distribution is also applied to the computation of an output probability. These results indicate that the use of CDDN and the fuzzy smoothing of output distribution to the FVQ-DHMM lead to improved recognition, and therefore it may be used as an alternative to the robust estimation of output probabilities for HMMs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.402-410
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a new fast block matching algorithm for block matching using the temporal and spatially correlation of the video sequence and local statistics of neighboring motion vectors. Since the temporal correlation of the video sequence between the motion vector of current block and the motion vector of previous block. The proposed algorithm determines the location of a better starting point for the search of an exact motion vector using the point of the smallest SAD(sum of absolute difference) value by the predicted motion vectors of neighboring blocks around the same block of the previous frame and the current frame and the predictor candidate point on each division region by binary-tree structure. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the capability to dramatically reduce the search points and computing cost for motion estimation, comparing to fast FS(full search) motion estimation and other fast motion estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

To analyze the motion of aircraft through computing the dynamics equations, true airspeed is essential for obtaining aerodynamic loads. Although the airspeed is measured by on-board instruments such as pitot tubes, measurement data are difficult to obtain for commercial flights because they include sensitive data about the airline operations. One of the commonly available trajectory data, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast data, provide aircraft's speed in the form of ground speed. The ground speed is a vector sum of the local wind velocity and the true airspeed. This paper present a method to estimate true airspeed by combining the trajectory, meteorological, and topology data available to the public. To integrate each data, we first matched the coordinate system and then unified the altitude reference to the mean sea level. We calculated the wind vector for all trajectory points by interpolating from the lower resolution grid of the meteorological data. Finally, we calculate the true airspeed from the ground speed and the wind vector. These processes were applied to several sample trajectories with corresponding meteorological data and the topology data, and the estimated true airspeeds are presented.