• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.47-64
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for the management of National Park by surveying and analysing the change of vegetation of forest fire damaged area in Sogeumgang District, Gyeongju National Park. The covergae ratio, a number of species and dominant species changed overall in forest fire damaged area. The final result of the change is as follows. In case of coverage ratio in the shrub layer, Site 1 was 30%, 40% in Site 2, 50% in Site 3, 60% in Site 4 and 30% in Site 5. In the herb layer, Site 1 was 90%, 80% in Site 2, 90% in Site 3, 60% in Site 4 and 20% in Site 5. In case of the number of species in the shrub layer, Site 1 was 11 species, 8 species in Site 2, 6 species in Site 3, 10 species in Site 4, 7 species in Site 5, and in the herb layer, Site 1 was 22 species, 25 species in Site 2, 12 species in Site 3 and Site 4 each and 11 species in Site 5. In the dominant species, the shrub layer was Lespedeza maritima(Site 1, 2), Quercus serrata(Site 3), Quercus serrata and Lespedeza bicolor(Site 4) and Styrax japonicus(Site 5), the herb layer was Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(Site 1, 3), Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum and Carex humilis var. nana(Site 2), Quercus serrata(Site 4) and Carex humilis var. nana andS tyrax japonicus(Site 5). The number of vascular plants was summarized as 91 taxa including 35 families, 69 genera, 78 species, 2 subspecies, 10 varieties and 1 form.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.90-90
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the vegetation and vegetation structure of Mt. Man in Hwacheon Gun from April to October 2018. The survey site is located in the northern part of South Korea where the climate is similar to that of North Korea. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for efficient ecological forest management after unification. A total of 341 vascular plant taxa are recorded, representing 221 genera, 4 subspecies, 42 varieties and 6 forms in 84 families. Rare species, including Crataegus komarovii and Amitostigma gracile are found across 10 taxa; 8 families, 10 genera, 9 species, 1 variety. Naturalized Plants, including Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Erigeron annuus found across 11 taxa; 6 families, 10 genera, 11 species. Dominant tree species of the tree layer based on the highest importance values were: Quercus mongolica (23.47%), Larix kaempferi (11.43%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (8.30%), in the subtree layer were: Lindera obtusiloba (11.38%), Acer pictum subsp. mono (11.33%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (9.80%) and in the shrub layer were: Lindera obtusiloba (10.22%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (8.43%), Rubus crataegifolius (8.00%), in the herb layer Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (5.67%), Oplismenus undulatifolius (5.00%), Lysimachia clethroides (3.49%) respectively. The species diversity of Mt. Man was 1.1764 in the tree layer, 1.2403 in the subtree layer, 1.4135 in the shrub layer, and 1.7416 in the herb layer. In conclusion, if we utilize the flora and vegetation structure surveyed in Mt. Man, we can effectively manage the degraded forests with similar altitudes and climate zones in North Korea.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.58-58
• /
• 2019

덕항산 산림유전자원보호구역(337ha)은 강원도 삼척시 신기면에 위치하며, 남한에서 유일하게 해발고도 1,000m에 가까운 고산지대에 발달한 카르스트지형을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 석회암지대의 식생현황을 제공하여 석회석 광산 채굴 등 황폐화가 진행되고 있는 석회암지대의 식생을 복원하기위한 식생자료로 활용되고자 실시되었다. 2018년 4월 9일부터 10월 31일 까지 총 15회에 걸친 계절별 현지 조사를 실시한 결과, 덕항산 지역에서 발견된 관속식물은 90과 302속 479종 4아종 51변종 3품종 총 537분류군으로 조사되었다. 그 중 한국특산식물은 북부지방 고산지대에 자생한다고 알려진 Pseudostellaria setulosa Ohwi(숲개별꽃)과 우리나라 석회암지대에서만 발견된다고 알려진 Saussurea calcicola Nakai(사창분취)와 Peucedanum insolens Kitag.(덕우기름나물)을 포함하여 18분류군이 발견되었고, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물은 멸종위기 야생식물 II급에 속하는 Astilboides tabularis (Hmsl.) Engl.(개병풍)과 Vioela websteri Hemsl.(왕제비꽃)을 포함하여 18분류군이 분포하였다. 또한 석회암지대 지표식물 33분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물 총 113분류군이 조사되었으며, 귀화식물은 27분류군이 확인되었다. 기후변화 취약식물은 특산식물 11분류군, 북방계식물 22분류군으로 총 33분류군이 조사되었다. 본 대상지는 온대북부 석회암지대의 특성상 특산식물과 북방계식물이 주로 발견되었으며, 남방계식물은 현재까지 발견되지 않았다. 지구온난화로 인한 남방계 식물의 북상은 우려와는 달리 현재까지는 미비한 수준으로 판단되며, 북방계식물의 생육에 적합한 환경을 유지하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.26-26
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 대구광역시 남구 대명동 앞산공원 일대 관속식물을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 2018년 4월 13일부터 2019년 9월 17일까지 총 38회에 걸쳐 조사를 수행하였고, 확인한 관속식물은 109과 338속 523종 65변종 10품종 5아종 5교잡종 3재배품종을 포함하여 총 611분류군을 확인하였다. 이 중 산림청 국립수목원 지정 희귀식물은 28분류군(멸종위기종(CR) 왕벚나무(식재), 위기종(EN) 깽깽이풀 등 4분류군, 취약종(VU) 멱쇠채 등 8분류군, 약관심종(LC) 측백나무 등 11분류군 및 자료부족종(DD) 김의털아재비 등 4분류군), 국립수목원 지정 특산식물은 좀비비추, 노랑갈퀴, 산앵도나무 등 12분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물은 67분류군(V등급 깽깽이풀과 왕벚나무 2분류군, IV등근 비술나무 등 4분류군, III등급 음양고비 등 16분류군, II등급 큰참나물 등 3분류군, I등급 거미고사리 등 42분류군), 귀화식물은 오리새 등 42분류군을 확인하였다. 도시화지수 및 귀화율은 각각 13.08%, 6.89%로 나타났으며 이는 우리나라 평균 귀화율보다 다소 낮은 수치이다. 선행연구와의 목록 비교 결과 210분류군을 추가적으로 확인하였다. 이는 약 30년간 연구대상지의 선행연구가 이루어지지 않았다는 점과 그간 식물의 오동정, 다양한 식물의 유입 및 사람들의 왕래가 잦아짐에 따른 귀화식물의 유입 등 다양한 요인으로 판단된다. 아울러 1,000만명 이상이 이용하는 앞산공원 일대 주요 희귀식물의 서식처를 보호할 수 있는 방안이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.31-31
• /
• 2019

국립생물자원관 표본관(KB)에 소장된 관속식물 33종(94점)의 기준표본 정보에 대한 자료를 정리하고, 타 기관 또는 대학에서 국립생물자원관으로 기증된 기준표본 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 정기준표본(holotype) 15점, 동기준표본(isotype) 57점, 종기준표본(paratype) 22점이 국립생물자원관에 소장되어 있으며, 서울대학교(SNU), 아주대학교(AJOU), 전북대학교(JNU), 충북대학교(CBU), 한국식물연구원(KPRI), 한림대학교(HHU)의 일부 기준표본이 국립생물자원관으로 새로이 이전되었다. 소장된 기준표본의 종조성은 양치식물 7분류군, 쌍자엽식물 22분류군, 단자엽식물 4분류군으로 확인되었으며, 대표적인 속으로는 제주고사리삼속(한반도 고유속), 현호색속(7분류군)과 물부추속(4분류군) 등이 있다. 소장된 기준표본의 대표적인 명명자로는 김영동 교수, 박종욱 교수, 선병윤 교수, 오병운 교수, 최홍근 교수, 현진오 박사 등이 확인되었다. 국가별로는 28분류군이 한반도산이며, 미얀마와 캄보디아가 각각 2분류군, 라오스산이 1분류군으로 조사되었고, 이중 27분류군이 한반도 고유종으로 평가되었다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 2021

The present study aimed to clarify flora living at the area of Restoration Center for Endangered Species in Yeongyang, Gyeongbuk Province. In May, August, and September 2019 and in May and July 2020, all of vascular plants were recorded, and endangered, Korea endemic, and exotic plant species were further identified. The study site contained a total of 418 floral taxa (98 families, 261 genera, 384 species, 4 subspecies, 27 variations, and 3 formations), in which Magnoliophyta accounted for larger proportion (95.2%) than Pteridophyta (3.6%) and Pinophyta (1.2%). In addition, 1 endangered (Cypripedium macranthos Sw.) and 5 Korea endemic species (Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis [Nakai] C.H. Kim & B.-Y. Sun, Lonicera subsessilis Rehder, Paulownia coreana Uyeki, and Weigela subsessilis [Nakai] L.H. Bailey) were detected. The number of exotic species was 33, consisting of 4 invasive-exotic, 4 potentially invasive-exotic, and 25 non-invasive species. Compared to a previous assessment before the establishment of the center (in 2014), there were increases in total floral taxa (from 361 to 418), endangered species (from 0 to 1), and exotic species (from 26 to 33). These results possibly reflect temporal changes in floral community, which should be confirmed through subsequent long term monitoring.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2022

Saxifraga hirculus is classified as a vulnerable plant species in Europe, and it is confined to base-rich flushes in the British uplands. However, a lack of available information about its conservation status hampers the development of adaptive strategies for its in-situ conservation, especially with respect to grazing. To assess the effectiveness of sheep grazing in maintaining viable populations of S. hirculus, we compared the community dynamics of the vegetation in a base-rich flush over 44 years in two plots: one sheep-grazed under business-as-usual sheep grazing densities and the other fenced to exclude grazing. The plots were established in 1972, and the abundances of all vascular plants, bryophytes, and litter were measured at six intervals until 2016. Our results showed that although the presence of S. hirculus was maintained in both plots over the 44 years, it declined and reached a minimum between 1995 and 2010, when it was close to extinction. Since 2013, Saxifraga has recovered only slightly. Interestingly, the S. hirculus response appeared to be independent of grazing treatment, but it mirrored wider changes in the vegetation composition and structure within the flush over the 44 years. These changes are similar to others reported in broader uplands that have been attributed to a combination of reduced nitrogen and sulfur deposition and global warming. Thus, the simple adaptive management approach of "just managing" sheep grazing appeared ineffectual for preserving the S. hirculus population. S. hirculus showed signs of recovery at the end of the study period within this base-rich flush.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2018

Objectives : Saururus chinensis and Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) are perennial herbs using for medicinal purposes in Korea. The objectives of this study are to compare anatomical key characters between two medicinal plants and to provide fundamental information for the identification of two herbal medicines by using anatomical features. Methods : Cross-sections of root, rhizome, stem, petiole, and leaf for each species were observed in this study. Materials were analyzed through dehydration, paraffin embedding and micro-sectioning, and double staining with Safranin O and Fast-Green FCF. Observations of permanent preparation were conducted using light microscope. Results : S. chinensis and H. cordata were distinguished with anatomical differentiations; Idioblasts with essential oil were scattered in the parenchyma cell of cortex, pith, and phloem of S. chinensis, on the other hand, in H. cordata, idioblasts were distributed ring-shaped in the cortex of the root. S. chinensis had two cycles of vascular bundles in the stem while H. cordata had one cycle. Hypodermis layer was conspicuous in a stem of H. cordata, crystals were observed the only parenchyma in a stem of S. chinensis, and epidermal oil cells were developed in the epidermis of H. cordata. S. chinensis had air cavity at the cortex and pith of the stem. The shape of cross-section was polygonal in the stem of S. chinensis and was circular in the stem of H. cordata. Conclusions : We investigated anatomical study of Korean S. chinensis and H. cordata. To identify two herbal medicines, we considered main anatomical features and provided identification key here.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.29-43
• /
• 2018

Objectives : Araliae Continentalis Radix(AC) is a medicinal herb belonging to the drug efficacy group treating musculoskeletal disorders(MSD) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic action. However, due to morphologic and onomastic similarity, adulterants(Angelicae Pubescentis Radix: AP, Gypsophilae Oldhamianae Radix: GO, Levistici Officinalis Radix: LO) have been included or replaced the standard. Methods : Multilateral methods were carried out on the identification of AC and its adulterants. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were observed by using stereoscope and microscope. For the comparison of chromatogram pattern, standard compounds were analyzed simultaneously using high performance liquid chromatography. Results : 1. The macroscopic identification of original plants was determined by the phyllotaxis type, the inflorescence type, the leaf margin and the color of flowers. The macroscopic identification of herbal materials was examined by oil spots, the cambium, heteromorphic vascular bundles, and the pholem. 2. For the microscopic identification, the fact whether its xylem ray is proliferated or not was first determined. Then medicinal herbs were secondly divided by cellular inclusions, fiber bundles, the distribution of secretary canals and the shape of cambium. 3. AC and its adulterants showed different chromatographic fingerprints. AC was containing continentalic acid and kaurenoic acid. AP was containing osthole and columbianadin. LO was containing osthole and falcarindiol. None of the compounds were found in GO. Conclusions : This recent identification keys of might be helpful to discriminate the pharmacopoeia standard and its adulterants for the right usage in clinics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 2022

For biodiversity conservation, the importance of beta-diversity which is changes in the composition of species according to environmental changes has become emphasized. However, given the systematic investigation of species distribution and the accumulation of large amounts of data in the Republic of Korea(ROK), research on the spatialization of beta-diversity using them is insufficient. Accordingly, this research investigated the applicability of the Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling(GDM) to ROK, which can predict and map the similarity of compositional turnover (beta-diversity) based on environmental variables. A brief overview of the statistical description on using GDM was presented, and a model was fitted using the flora distribution data(410,621points) from the National Ecosystem Survey and various environmental spatial data including climate, soil, topography, and land cover. Procedures and appropriated spatial units required to improve the explanatory power of the model were presented. As a result, it was found that geographical distance, temperature annual range, summer temperature, winter precipitation, and soil factors affect the dissimilarity of the vegetation community composition. In addition, as a result of predicting the similarity of vegetation composition across the nation, and classifying them into 20 and 100 zones, the similarity was high mainly in the central inland area, and tends to decrease toward the mountainous areas, southern coastal regions, and island including Jeju island, which means the composition of the vegetation community is unique and beta diversity is high. In addition, it was identified that the number of common species between zones decreased as the geographic distance between zones increased. It classified the spatial distribution of plant community composition in a quantitative and objective way, but additional research and verification are needed for practical application. It is expected that research on community-level biodiversity modeling in the ROK will be conducted more actively based on this study.