• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.31-34
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• 2022

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare diseases comprising abnormally dilated arteries and veins with an absence of a capillary network. Since these diseases are intractable after diagnosis, various treatment strategies have been examined, with continuous efforts to identify target genes. Here, we report relevant new target genes selected via gene microarray. Methods: Endothelial cells were isolated from samples collected from three patients with AVM and three healthy individuals, followed by microarray analysis. Additionally, quantitative PCR was performed to select genes highly relevant to AVM. Results: In the vascular endothelial cells derived from the tissues of patients with AVM, the expression of ANGPT1, ANGPT2, DLL4, IL6, NRG1, TGFBR1, and VEGFA was typically higher compared to those derived from normal tissues. Conclusion: Seven candidate genes were selected to analyze the pathophysiological mechanism of AVM. These results may aid in future directions of diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.85-89
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• 2021

Background : Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital medical condition characterized by complex vascular malformation. KTS consists of a classic triad of capillary malformation (hemangioma), venous malformations and bone or soft tissue hypertrophy causing limb asymmetry. The aim of this report is to describe management for gait disturbance and foot pain in a Patient with KTS using custom-made total contact insole. Case presentation : A 32-year-old man with KTS presented with a 3-year history of gait disturbance on hard surface due to right first toe pain and Achilles tendon tightness. The patient had soft tissue hypertrophy, varicose veins and port-wine stains over the right lower limb associated with KTS. True leg length discrepancy was 2 cm. We prescribed custom-made total contact insole to protect his deformed foot and correct leg length discrepancy. The insole of right side included wedge shaped heel lift and the insole of left side included full length lift to add extra support on unaffected side. Also, we provided compression stocking and physiotherapy including manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema and stretching exercise for tightness in right lower extremity. At 3 years follow-up, postural alignment including pelvic obliquity was improved using a custom-made total contact insole. The degree of scoliosis and foot pain were also reduced. Conclusion : An individualized and multidisciplinary approach is essential regarding the complexity of comorbidities in patients with KTS. For patients with KTS, orthotic management should be considered to prevent and correct deformities related to KTS. Active orthotic management, compression stocking and physiotherapy can enhance the quality of life and function in patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.215-218
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• 2015

Occasionally, unexpected neurological deficits occur after lumbar spinal surgery. We report a case of monoparesis after lumbar decompressive surgery. A 63-year-old man, who had undergone decompression of L4-5 for spinal stenosis 4 days previously in the other hospital, visted the emergency department with progressive weakness in the left leg and hypoesthesia below sensory level T7 on the right side. He had been cured of lung cancer with chemotherapy and radiation therapy 10 years previously, but detailed information of radiotherapy was not available. Whole spine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed fatty marrow change from T1 to T8, most likely due to previous irradiation. The T2-weighted MR image showed a high-signal T4-5 spinal cord lesion surrounded by a low signal rim, and the T1-weighted MR image showed focal high signal intensity with focal enhancement. The radiological diagnosis was vascular disorders with suspicious bleeding. Surgical removal was refused by the patient. With rehabilitation, the patient could walk independently without assistance 2 months later. Considering radiation induced change at thoracic vertebrae, vascular disorders may be induced by irradiation. If the spinal cord was previously irradiated, radiation induced vascular disorders needs to be considered.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have posed serious public health problems, accounting for nearly 30% of mortality worldwide and their incidence is still increasing. Therefore, new treatment resources are necessary to prevent or manage the ever-increasing population of patients with CVDs. Sea cucumber is well known for its medical and health benefit effects, but it is not well known what/how effect it has on vascular disease. In the present study, we examined the protect effect of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus 80% ethanol extract (AJE) on zebrafish embryo with the stimulation of free fatty acid, palmitate (PA). In vivo study showed that AJE can attenuate PA-induced toxicity through relieving the rapid heartbeat, increasing the survival rate and reducing the malformation in both wild type and Tg (fli1a:eGFP) transgenic zebrafish lines. Additionally, compare with PA treated embryos, the yolk sac area, body length, axial vascular segment (AVS) and intersegmental vessel (ISV) of the co-treatment group of AJE and PA were comparable to the control group. Moreover, AJE lowered the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) and inflammation-related genes induced by PA, and inhibited PA-induced vascular development disorders. Our data preliminarily verify that AJE could be a candidate resource for the prevention or therapy of CVDs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.442-448
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• 2016

Objective : Increased expression of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). The purpose of this study was to investigate plasma levels of VEGF in normal subjects and in patients with CCM and to evaluate change in these levels following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Methods : Peripheral venous blood was collected from 6 patients with CCM before SRS using Gamma Knife and at the 1 week, 1 month, 3month, and 6 month follow-up visits. Plasma VEGF levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 10 healthy volunteers as controls. Results : Mean plasma VEGF level of 41.9 pg/mL (range, 11.7-114.9 pg/mL) in patients with CCM at baseline was higher than that of the healthy controls (29.3 pg/mL, range, 9.2-64.3 pg/mL), without significant differences between CCM patients and controls (p=0.828). Plasma VEGF level following SRS dropped to 24.6 pg/mL after 1 week, and decreased to 18.5 pg/mL after 1 month, then increased to 24.3 pg/mL after 3 months, and 32.6 pg/mL after 6 months. Two patients suffering from rebleeding after SRS showed a higher level of VEGF at 6 months after SRS than their pretreatment level. Conclusion : Plasma VEGF levels in patients with CCM were elevated over controls at baseline, and decreased from baseline to 1 month after SRS and increased further for up to 6 months. Theses results indicated that anti-angiogenic effect of SRS might play a role in the treatment of CCMs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.399-402
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• 2007

Purpose: Arteriovenous fistula is one of high flow vascular malformations. Recently, arteriovenous fistula has been regarded as one of the type of arteriovenous malformations. The patients were diagnosed as arteriovenous malformation Schobinger clinical stage II. Even though arteriovenous fistula rarely occurs on head and neck, treatment of that is difficult due to frequent recurrence. In treating the arteriovenous fistula, chemical embolization, surgical excision and other treatment modalities were used, but the results were not satisfactory. The authors experienced three cases of arteriovenous fistula and treated them with surgical excision. Methods: In cases, warmth, enlargement, pulsation, thrill, and bruit were found. For the accurate evaluation before the operation, angiography and MRI were checked in advance. Incision was made on the site of pulsation. The artery and vein connected to the arteriovenous fistula were dissected widely, individually ligated, and divided. And then the entire mass was totally removed. Results: All surgical sites were healed well without complications and there was no evidence of recurrence in all cases up to for 2 years of follow-up examination. Conclusion: The arteriovenous fistula on face is a very rare disease and has difficulties in treatment. The authors experienced three cases of arteriovenous fistula with complete surgical removal and no recurrence was found in all cases.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2008

More than half of the reported cases of congenital arteriovenous malformations involve the extremities. However, these are predominantly arteriovenous malformations of soft tissues. There are few studies on intraosseous arteriovenous malformations. The clinical features of vascular malformations are not well defined, but are likely to be extremely diverse. So, it is not easy to diagnose exactly and treat intraosseous arteriovenous malformations. The authors noted intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of tibia in a child and had a good result by the use of ethanol embolization. Therefore we include those results along with the literature review.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.426-432
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• 2000

After surgical operation in patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), normal pressure perfusion breakthrough (NPPB) is one of the major complications. Brain perfusion SPECT with acetazolamide stress was known to be useful to evaluate the vascular reserve in several neurological and neurosurgical conditions. The authors performed acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT in patients with AVM and compared the brain perfusion in the post-operative clinical courses. The acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT was helpful in defining the prognosis of the patients with AVM. We describe 4 patients with AVM who had acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT to examine the prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.304-307
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• 2023

Venous malformation (VM) is a benign lesion of blood vessels caused by an error in vascular morphogenesis during the embryologic phase. This entity mostly affects the head and neck region, including the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, or palate. VM may cause functional and aesthetic impairments. The anatomical structure and shape of the lips provide an important aesthetic accent for an individual. Therefore, management of VM in the lip area without postoperative defects or scarring is challenging. In this brief communication article, we present a conservative approach to lip VM in a nine-year-old boy using a bleomycin injection that had good aesthetic and functional outcomes. Injection of 2 mL of 1/10 of 15 mg bleomycin in a saline dilution into the lip mucosa may present a drug reaction as a white plaque and reddish owl eye lesion that takes up to three weeks to resolve without a scar. It is important to recognize the characteristics and self-limiting nature of postoperative bleomycin complications to avoid unnecessary treatment.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2016

Clinicians must be able to recognize post-extraction complications and treat them in a timely manner; complications that may potentially be life-threatening require special attention. Although arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a very rare disorder, it may induce life-threatening hemorrhage during surgical intervention in the pertinent site. The present article examines the diagnosis and treatment modalities of AVM based on the case of a patient who was diagnosed with AVM with continuous bleeding after tooth extraction and who was successfully treated.