• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2018

Bamboo culm comprises internodes and nodes and is tapered from the bottom to the top. Anatomically, bamboo culm comprises vascular bundles and parenchymal base tissue. The gross anatomical structure of a transverse section of any culm internode is determined by the shape, size, arrangement, and number of vascular bundles. The purpose of this research was to examine the morphology of culm and the distribution and shape of vascular bundles in Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris). Bamboo culms were harvested from the base. Test samples were obtained from a central 2-cm long segment of each internode across the entire length of the culm. Results showed an uneven spread of vascular bundles in the internode cross-section. Transitioning from the outer to the inner layer of the internode, the number of vascular bundles per unit area decreased and their shape was variable. The size of vascular bundles in the middle layer of the internode was greater than that of those in the outer and inner layers. The shape of vascular bundles was circular in the outer layer, which gradually transformed into vertical oval toward the middle layer and horizontal oval toward the inner layer. Vascular bundles were of type III and IV in the bottom of the culm and type III in the middle to the top of the culm.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

Hesperetin has been shown to possess a potential anti-angiogenic effect, including vascular formation by endothelial cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential anti-angiogenic activity of hesperetin are not fully understood. In the present study, we evaluated whether hesperetin has anti-angiogenic effects in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with 50 ng/mL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to induce proliferation as well as vascular formation, followed by treatment with several doses of hesperetin (25, 50, and $100{\mu}M$) for 24 h. Cell proliferation and vascular formation were analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and tube formation assay, respectively. In addition, cell signaling related to cell proliferation and vascular formation was analyzed by western blot. Furthermore, a mouse aorta ring assay was performed to confirm the effect of hesperetin on vascular formation. Hesperetin treatment did not cause differences in HUVECs proliferation. However, hesperetin significantly inhibited VEGF-induced cell migration and tube formation of HUVECs (P<0.05). Moreover, hesperetin suppressed the expression of ERK, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/AKT in the VEGF-induced HUVECs. In an ex vivo model, hesperetin also suppressed microvessel sprouting of mouse aortic rings. Taken together, the findings suggest that hesperetin inhibited vascular formation by endothelial cells via the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT, ERK and p38 MAPK signaling.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2010

Pulmonary vascular disease is a category of disorders, including pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary vascular disease secondary to chronic respiratory disease, and pulmonary vascular tumor and malformations. This article reviews the recent advances in this wide spectrum of pulmonary vascular diseases.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2006

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2020

Vascular anomalies are congenital localized abnormalities that result from improper development and maintenance of the vasculature. The lesions of vascular anomalies vary in location, type, and clinical severity of the phenotype, and the current treatment options are often unsatisfactory. Most vascular anomalies are sporadic, but patterns of inheritance have been noted in some cases, making genetic analysis relevant. Developments in the field of genomics, including next-generation sequencing, have provided novel insights into the genetic and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vascular anomalies. These insights may pave the way for new approaches to molecular diagnosis and potential disease-specific therapies. This article provides an introduction to genetic testing for vascular anomalies and presents a brief summary of the etiology and genetics of vascular anomalies.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.37-48
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequently used herbal materials among herbal prescription for vascular dementia. Methods : Every article relevant to vascular dementia was initially obtained from a Korean database and PubMed. Keywords searched were 'vascular dementia', 'herbal medicine' and 'human'. Results : Clinical study, which vascular dementia were treated with herbal medicine, were 12. Among these 12 articles, 6 were case study, 1 was Controlled Clinical Trial and 5 were Ramdomized Controlled Trial (RCT). High frequently used herbal materials were Ginseng Radix (9 times), Cnidii Rhizoma (8 times), Glycyrrhizae Radix, Citri Pericarpium, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (6 times). Conclusions : We could know frequent-used herbal medicine for vascular dementia. To be aware of the frequently used herbal medicine for vascular dementia can be helpful in adding herbal materials to prescription in a clinical treatment and development of new drugs.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.27-32
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• 2006

We present an effective algorithm for automatic tracing of retinal vessel structure and vascular landmark extraction of bifurcations and ending points. In this paper we deal with vascular patterns from RGB images for personal identification. Vessel tracing algorithms are of interest in a variety of biometric and medical application such as personal identification, biometrics, and ophthalmic disorders like vessel change detection. However eye surface vasculature tracing in RGB images has many problems which are subject to improper illumination, glare, fade-out, shadow and artifacts arising from reflection, refraction, and dispersion. The proposed algorithm on vascular tracing employs multi-stage processing of ten-layers as followings: Image Acquisition, Image Enhancement by gray scale retinal image enhancement, reducing background artifact and illuminations and removing interlacing minute characteristics of vessels, Vascular Structure Extraction by connecting broken vessels, extracting vascular structure using eight directional information, and extracting retinal vascular structure, and Vascular Landmark Extraction by extracting bifurcations and ending points. The results of automatic retinal vessel extraction using jive different thresholds applied 34 eye images are presented. The results of vasculature tracing algorithm shows that the suggested algorithm can obtain not only robust and accurate vessel tracing but also vascular landmarks according to thresholds.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.230-235
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• 2007

Objective : We investigated the incidence of the vascular abnormalities associated with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] using three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography [3D-CTA]. Methods : We prospectively assessed consecutive 76 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] who underwent 3D-CTA between June 2003 and May 2005. The patients with a recent history of trauma or mainly subarachnoid hemorrhage were excluded. We investigated relationship between vascular abnormality and ICH location. The findings of 3D-CTA were classified as one of three patterns with ICH; type A [without evidence of vascular abnormality], type B [with no vascular abnormality as the source of hemorrhage, but with incidental vascular abnormality], and type C [presence of a vascular abnormality as the source of hemorrhage]. Results : Sites of ICH were lobar 26, basal ganglia 23, thalamus 17, posterior fossa 6 and dominant intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH] 4. Among 76 patients, sixteen [21.1%] vascular abnormalities were noted excluding 13 cases of stenoocclusive disease. Sixteen cases included 6 cases of cerebral aneurysms [7.9%], 5 moyamoya diseases [6.6%], 4 arteriovenous malformations [5.3%] and 1 dural sinus thrombosis [1.3%]. Lobar ICH [30.8%] had a higher vascular abnormalities than other types, and younger age [<40] group had a higher incidence of vascular abnormalities than old age group. The patterns of 3D-CTA include sixty cases [79.0%] of type A, 6 cases [7.8%] of type Band 10 cases [13.2%] of type C. The vascular abnormalities were found in 8 [13.5%] of 59 hypertensive patients and 8 [47.0%] of 17 non-hypertensive patients [p=0.006]. Conclusion : 3D-CT angiography is considered a useful screening tool for ICH patients with suspected cerebrovascular abnormalities and should be considered in such clinical settings, especially in lobar type and in non-hypertensive younger patients.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

Purpose: Penetrating vascular trauma though less common poses a challenge to all Surgeons. This study was designed to analyse the profile, management modalities of vascular trauma and the outcomes thereof at a Trauma Care Centre in a Tertiary care setting in hostile environment in India. Methods: A prospective review of all patients with arterial and venous injuries being transferred to the Trauma Center at out Tertiary Care Center between June 2015 and May 2018 was done. Demographics, admission data, treatment, and complications were reviewed. Results: There were a total of 46 patients with 65 vascular injuries, 39 arterial injuries and 26 venous injuries. The age range was 21 to 47 years. Nineteen patients had both arterial and venous injuries. A total of 42 cases presented within 12 hours of injury and complete arterial transections were found in 33 cases (80.49%). There were three mortalities (6.52%) and three amputations (8.33%). The overall limb salvage rate was 91.67% with popliteal artery being the commonest injured artery. Poor prognosticators for limb salvage were increasing time to present to the trauma centre, hypovolemic shock, multi-organ trauma and associated venous injuries. Conclusions: Penetrating missile trauma leading to vascular injuries has not been widely reported. Attempting limb salvage even in cases with delayed presentation should be weighed with the threat to life before revascularisation and should preferably be done at a centre with vascular expertise. A team approach with vascular, orthopaedic, general surgeons, and critical care anaesthesiologists all aboard improve the outcomes manifold. Use of tourniquets and early fasciotomies have been emphasized as is the use of native veins as the bypass conduit. This is probably the largest study on penetrating Vascular trauma in anti-terrorism ops from the Indian subcontinent. It highlights the significance of prompt recognition and availability of vascular expertise in optimally managing cases of vascular trauma.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.709-715
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• 2015

Background The incidence of vascular anomalies in the head and neck is higher than in the extremities. It is especially common for vascular anomalies to involve the lip. The lips are a functionally and aesthetically important component of the head and neck area. A retrospective analysis of data from our vascular anomaly center was performed in order to understand the characteristics and treatment requirements of vascular anomalies of the lip and to establish which treatments are likely to lead to the best outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was performed of the medical records of patients diagnosed with vascular anomalies of the upper or lower lip from January 2001 to September 2013. Using clinical photographs, radiologic findings, and patient records, the diagnosis of each case and the location of the vascular anomaly were recorded, along with information about treatment and follow-up. Results A total of 1,606 patients were diagnosed with vascular anomalies over this time period, of whom 127 (7.9%) were found to have vascular anomalies in the lip only. Surgical treatment with or without embolization, sclerotherapy, laser therapy, medication only, and observation were the treatment strategies adopted in these cases. Conclusions Vascular anomalies of the lip should be diagnosed accurately. Radiologic diagnosis played a crucial role in treatment planning, and several techniques were used to treat vascular anomalies of the lip. When surgical excision is indicated for the correction of vascular anomalies of the lip, the aesthetic and functional characteristics of the lip should be considered.