• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.357-365
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The present study has been performed to find the effects on gross motor function and balance ability of applying a balance exercise program consisting of motions able to stimulate balance-related sensory systems on various support surfaces along with goal-oriented upper extremity tasks to enhance the balance ability. Methods : 10children diagnosed as having spastic diplegia were selected as the subject for this study, of whom 5children were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) and the remainder to a balance exercise group (BEG) to perform the upper extremity task on various support surfaces. Each intervention was executed 30minutes per session with 2sessions a week for 12weeks. To make comparisons before and after intervention, gross motor function measure; standing; demention D(GMFM;D), walking/running/jumping ;demention E (GMFM;E) and pediatric balance scale (PBS) were evaluated. Results : The CG showed a significant difference (p<.05) in GMFM;E. BEG showed a significant difference (p<.05) in GMFM;D as well as GMFM;E and in PBS before and after intervention. BEG showed a significant improvement (p<.05) in GMFM;D and the PBS compared with the CG whereas it did not indicate any statistically significant difference in GMFM;E. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, it has been shown that a balance exercise accompanied by upper extremity task on various support surfaces had an effect on improvement in the gross motor function and the balance ability of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2015

PURPOSE: Bridge exercises are broadly used to develop trunk co-activation patterns that promote spine stability. This study was to analyze the trunk muscle activity during bridge exercise with various shoulder support surface(stable, sling, Swiss ball). METHODS: The subjects were 20 healthy subjects in their twenties. Subjects were performed bridge exercise on 4 different shoulder support surfaces using stable and labile instruments. 1) Bridge exercise on a stable surface. 2) Bridge exercise with their shoulder on a stable bench. 3) Bridge exercise with their shoulder on a sling. 4) Bridge exercise with their shoulder on a Swiss ball. Rectus abdominis, erector spinae, internal oblique, external oblique muscle activities were measured using electromyography. RESULTS: There were significant differences in RA, EO muscles between performing each of the 4 exercises(p<.05). RA and EO was recorded the highest activity during the bridge exercise with their shoulder on a sling. The lowest activity was recorded during conventional supine bridge on a stable surface. There were no differences found for the EO/RA and IO/RA ratio. The EO/RA and IO/RA ratio was the highest in the bridge exercise with their shoulders resting on a stable bench. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that change of shoulder support surface during bridge exercise may be useful for enhancing the trunk stability.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2024

Background: Squats are well-known for their effectiveness in strengthening the quadriceps femoris muscle. Flexibility and stability of the ankle joint are critical factors in performing squats correctly. Ankle instability can lead to injuries owing to compensatory actions. The role of the soleus muscle in maintaining ankle balance is crucial to minimize the risk of injury. Moreover, squats on unstable surfaces have gained attention for their potential to enhance balance and stability, which in turn helps prevent injuries. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlation between the soleus and quadriceps femoris muscles during squat exercises on various support surfaces. Design: Simple regression analysis Methods: Participants performed three different types of squats. Prior to commencing the exercises, we conducted electromyography (EMG) measurements to assess the activity of both the soleus and quadriceps femoris muscles. The order of the exercise execution was randomized. The squats were performed in a Full Squat format, and a one-minute rest was provided between each exercise type. Results: Our analysis of the results revealed significant differences in the activation levels of the soleus and quadriceps femoris across different squat types (p<.05). The regression analysis revealed an inverse relationship between the activity levels of the soleus and quadriceps femoris. Specifically, the quadriceps femoris exhibited the highest activation during squats using a wedge, while its activation was lowest during squats using the TOGU. In contrast, the soleus muscle demonstrated its highest activation during squats using the TOGU. Conclusion: Compared to traditional floor squats, the disparities in soleus and quadriceps femoris muscle activation observed during Wedge or TOGU squats can be attributed to the influence of ankle stability and balance. As the surface instability increased during squats, the soleus muscle's activity increased while the activation of the quadriceps femoris muscle decreased. These findings suggest that heightened soleus activation on unstable surfaces can significantly impact the activation of the quadriceps femoris muscle during squat exercises.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2007

곡면은 다각형 메쉬에 비해 간결한 표현을 가지고 부드러운 형상을 표현할 수 있지만, 현재 그래픽스 하드웨어는 곡면 렌더링을 지원하고 있지 않다. 최근의 GPU를 이용하여 프로그래밍 가능한 그래픽스 파이프라인은 기존의 다양한 그래픽스 알고리즘들을 가속화시키는 데 이용될 수 있기 때문에, 이 논문에서는 GPU 하드웨어를 이용하여 블렌딩을 기반으로 생성된 임의의 위상을 가진 곡면을 빠르게 렌더링 하는 방법을 제시한다. 제어 메쉬상에서 샘플링된 매개변수와 지역 곡면을 표현하는 정보들을 그래픽스 파이프라인으로 전달하여, 정점 프로세서에서 이러한 정보들을 가지고 블렌딩된 곡면상의 위치 정보와 노말 벡터를 계산한다. 이러한 방법은 CPU에서 블렌딩 곡면을 계산하는 것보다 훨씬 빠르게 수행된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of push-up plus exercise on the changes in the thickness of the trapezius trapezius, serratus anterior and pectoralis major muscles involved in shoulder stability in various support surfaces. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The thickness change of the shoulder stabilizing muscle was measured using an ultrasound device. Corresponding t-test was performed to confirm the change within the group before the experiment and after 5 weeks. And one-way ANOVA was used to confirm the change between groups after 5 weeks. As a post hoc test, the least significant difference test was performed, and the significance level was set to a=0.05. Results: Changes in the thickness of the trapezius muscle within the group were significantly different between UPEG and SPEG after 5 weeks (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference between groups after 5 weeks (p<0.05). Changes in the thickness of the serratus anterior and pectoralis major muscle within the group were significantly different after 5 weeks in PEG, UPEG and SPEG (p<0.05), and the changes between the groups were significantly different in the serratus anterior muscle after 5 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the results of this study, it was found that the push-up exercise on an unstable support surface was effective for strengthening the trapezius upper and serratus anterior. This study intends to suggest the possibility of application as basic data for a push-up plus exercise program in clinical practice.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.398-413
• /
• 2016

This work describes the design and development of a new drying system for a rollover carwash machine with the support of numerical tools. The drying system is composed of a pair of stationary vertical dryers and a moveable horizontal dryer that can adjust itself to the contour of a vehicle. After the definition of the dryers' concept, their performance was assessed individually to check their internal flow pattern and to improve their airflow distribution. These issues are expected to provide feedback on redesign and geometric optimization of the dryers. After redesign of the dryers separately, the behaviour of the complete drying system was studied on actual vehicle models, representative of the shortest and tallest dimensions that can be washed with the existing carwash machine sector. The drying efficiency of the whole system was studied by calculation of shear stress distribution on various surfaces of a given vehicle. The results allowed concluding that the overall drying performance of the design system is very good and assure adequate drying on most vehicles surfaces. The results obtained from numerical studies were then validated with experimental measurements and a good agreement was found between the two. The procedure employed in this work can be applied to support the design and analysis of other mechanical drying systems.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes an efficient method to detect direction indicators on road surfaces to support drivers in driving safely using the Simulink model. In the proposed method, the ROIs are detected using the detection method of maximally stable extremal regions (MSER), and the road indicator regions are detected using the speeded up robust features (SURF) matching method for the corresponding point matching of the detected ROIs and the road indicator templates. Experiments on various road satiations show that the processing time of about 0.32 sec per frame was required, and a detection rate of 91% was achieved.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제5권12호
• /
• pp.2374-2391
• /
• 2011

A variety of reconstruction methods has been developed to convert a set of scattered points generated from real models into explicit forms, such as polygonal meshes, parametric or implicit surfaces. In this paper, we present a method to construct multi-scale implicit surfaces from scattered points using multiscale kernels based on kernel and multi-resolution analysis theories. Our approach differs from other methods in that multi-scale reconstruction can be done without additional manipulation on input data, calculated functions support level of detail representation, and it can be naturally expanded for n-dimensional data. The method also works well with point-sets that are noisy or not uniformly distributed. We show features and performances of the proposed method via experimental results for various data sets.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.1044-1051
• /
• 2004

This paper described a novel locomotion interface that can generate infinite floor for various surface, named as virtual walking machine. This interface allows users to participate in a life-like walking experience in virtual environments, which include various terrains such as plains, slopes and stair ground surfaces. The interface is composed of two three-DOF (X, Y, Yaw) planar devices and two four-DOF (Pitch, Roll, Z, and relative rotation) footpads. The planar devices are driven by AC servomotors for generating fast motions, while the footpad devices are driven by pneumatic actuators for continuous support of human weight. To simulate natural human walking, the locomotion interface design specification are acquired based on gait analysis and each mechanism is optimally designed and manufactured to satisfy the given requirements. The designed locomotion interface allows natural walking(step: 0.8m, height: 20cm, load capability: 100kg, slope:30deg) for various terrains.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of side planks on the muscle thickness of the core muscles, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis, and this study was conducted to compare whether side plank exercise according to the application of various unstable support surfaces increases the thickness by activating the action of the muscles. Methods : The subjects of this study were 30 healthy adults and were randomly and equally assigned to three groups by a random number table. All subjects were divided into three groups according to the application of an unstable support surface during the side plank(Group A = stable support, Group B = one unstable support, Group C = two unstable supports). The side plank exercise was performed 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. The muscle thickness of the core muscle was measured before the intervention, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 times in total. All measured data were comparatively analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level was set to .05. Results : The results of this study were as follows : 1. All muscles showed an interaction between training period and group. 2. There was a significant difference between the groups at the 2 weeks and 4 weeks of the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscle measurements. Conclusion : The thickness of the abdominal muscle increased during the side plank exercise according to the support surface, and the thickness of the abdominal muscle increased the most during the side plank exercise on the unstable support surface. Therefore, it is thought that the addition of an unstable support surface will provide a more effective therapeutic effect on the thickness change of the abdominal muscle during side plank exercise.