• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.29-36
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• 2013

To accommodate the rapid growth of e-commerce transactions, non-face-to-face transactions, businesses use a wide variety of payment methods. However, many of these payment mediums are not secure as shown by increases in fraudulent transactions. In this paper, we analyze a particular e-commerce transaction medium, the Safety Transaction Service (STS). This system protects consumers through a wide variety of safeguards: safety settlement systems (escrow), consumer damage compensation insurance, payment guarantee, and secure bank settlement. In contrast to the safeguards, we identify the limitations and concerns with the STS and potential legal and political improvements. The plethora of payment methods limits the consumers ability to distinguish between the secured and unsecured transaction services. Regulation and consumer based verification of transaction services are essential to root out dangerously fraudulent systems. We propose the development of specific standards to these systems, in particular the need for consumer confirmation and clear settlement documentation. Only through the active promotion of scrutiny and improvement to STS will consumers be protected in e-commerce.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

Sensor network configurations are for a specific situation or environment sensors capable of sensing, processing the collected information processors, and as a device is transmitting or receiving data. It is presently serious that sensor networks provide many benefits, but can not solve the wireless network security vulnerabilities, the risk of exposure to a variety of state information. u-Healthcare sensor networks, the smaller the sensor node power consumption, and computing power, memory, etc. restrictions imposing, wireless sensing through the kind of features that deliver value, so it ispossible that eavesdropping, denial of service, attack, routing path. In this paper, with a focus on sensing of the environment u-Healthcare system wireless security vulnerabilities factors u-Healthcare security framework to diagnose and design methods are presented. Sensor network technologies take measures for security vulnerabilities, but without the development of technology, if technology is not being utilized properly it will be an element of threat. Studies suggest that the u-Healthcare System in a variety of security risks measures user protection in the field of health information will be used as an important guide.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

A new Dianthus cultivar 'URI 2010-6' was selected among F1 progenies from a cross between interspecific hybrid 'Evergreen Emerald' as the seed parent and D. chinensis ' Ruby' as the pollen parent. In 2007, the cross w as made, and the seedlings of $F_1$ progenies were obtained and investigated. After three rounds of characteristic evaluation from 2008 to 2010, a clone was selected and registered as 'URI 2010-6' at the Korea Seed and Variety Service (plant variety protection number: 4431) in 2011. The flower of 'URI 2010-6' is caryophyllaceous, single type, and mainly bright red (Red, N79C) with secondary white (White, N155C) on the edge or as spots on the petal. The flower has diameter of 2.7 cm and length of 0.8 cm. This cultivar blooms continuously about 150 d on average and may be used as evergreen plant during winter months.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.525-528
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• 2009

A new rose cultivar was developed from a cross between "Neon" and "Hello" by the rose breeding team of Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 1999. The cultivar, "Loving You" was finally selected in 2007 after evaluation trials for three years (2005-2007). The cultivar was developed for a standard-type cut flower with pink petals. "Loving You" grows vigorously and produces $108.5stems/m^2$ in a year, and has 50.2 petals per flower. The days to flower was 46 days, which is very short in rose. The length of cut flower was long with 76.8 cm. Vase-life of the cultivar could be as long as 11 days. The cultivar was applied for a variety protection in 2007.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.72-75
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• 2008

A new rose cultivar, 'Green Beauty' was selected from the progenies of a cross between 'Qvarna' and 'Sky Line' by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 1999. It was finally selected in 2005 after evaluation trials for five years (2001-2005). 'Green Beauty' was developed for a standard-type cut flower. 'Green Beauty' has good qualified flower of which color is fair orange-yellow and green. 'Green Beauty' produces $178stems/m^2$ in a year, and has 62 petals per flower. Vase life of the cultivar could be as long as 12 days. 'Green Beauty' has some good agricultural and marketing traits. Futhermore marketing-quality was good in some aspects. The cultivar was applied for a variety protection in 2006, and was released to commercial growers in 2007.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.68-71
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• 2008

A new rose cultivar, was selected from the progenies of a cross between 'Red Sandra' and 'Neon' by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2000. It was finally selected in 2004 after evaluation trials for three years (2002-2004). 'Red Flash' was developed for a standard-type cut flower. 'Red Flash' produces $123stems/m^2$ in a year, and has 36 petals per flower. The length of cut flower was long with 65.2 cm. Vase life of the cultivar could be as long as 7.6 days. The cultivar was applied for a variety protection in 2006, and was released to commercial growers in 2007.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 2008

A new rose cultivar, 'Pure Heart' was selected from the progenies of a cross between 'Saphir' and 'Crystal Line' at the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 1998. It was finally selected in 2002 after evaluation trials for three years (2000-2002). 'Pure Heart' was developed for a standard-type cut flower. 'Pure Heart' has some good agricultural and marketing traits. 'Pure Heart' has good qualified flower of which color is fair bright pink, 6.8cm in flower diameter and 4.5cm in flower height. 'Pure Heart' produce $122stems/m^2$ in a year, and has 45 petals per flower. The length of cut flower was long with 66.0cm. Vase life of the cultivar could be as long as 8 days. Futhermore marketing-quality was good in some aspects. The cultivar was applied for a variety protection in 2004 and was released to commercial growers in 2005.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.714-718
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• 2018

A new Gomchwi cultivar 'Sammany' was developed by a cross between Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.) and Handaeri-gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai). Gomchwi is a common Korean name referring wild edible plant species within Ligularia genus. 'Sammany' has purple colored petiole ears and petiole trichome is absent. It has 2nd degree leaf vein density. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were 46.2, 19.1, 19.5 and 32.1 cm, respectively. Plant height was higher than 'Gondalbi'. Bolting occurred in mid. July and it flowered from late August to early September. 'Gondalbi' bolted and flowered 26 days earlier than 'Sammany', and consequently has earlier flowering time more than 26 day. Leaf number of 'Sammany' was 156 per plant but 'Gondalbi' had 130. 'Sammany' had thicker leaves (0.61 mm) compared to 'Gondalbi' (0.46 mm). As a result, yield was higher in 'Sammany (1,077 g/plant)' than 'Gondalbi (798 g/plant)' and leaf hardness was lower in 'Sammany ($20.8kg/cm^2$)' compared to 'Gondalbi ($23.0kg/cm^2$)'. In addition, 'Sammany' was found to be moderately resistant to powdery mildew. With enhanced agronomic and pathology traits, 'Sammany' was newly registered as a new Gomchwi cultivar (variety protection no. 131 on May 2017).

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.195-209
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• 2023

The seed borne disease such as bakanae is difficult to control. Crop yield loss caused by bakanae depending on the regions and varieties grown, ranging from 3.0% to 95.4%. Bakanae is an important disease of rice worldwide and the pathogen was identified as Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi Sawada). Currently, four Fusaria (F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides and F. andiyazi) belonging to F. fujikuroi species complex are generally known as the pathogens of bakanae. The infection occurs through both seed and soil-borne transmission. When infection occurs during the heading stage, rice seeds become contaminated. Molecular detection of pathogens of bakanae is important because identification based on morphological and biological characters could lead to incorrect species designation and time-consuming. Seed disinfection has been studied for a long time in Korea for the management of the bakanae disease of rice. As seed disinfectants have been studied to control bakanae, resistance studies to chemicals have been also conducted. Presently biological control and resistant varieties are not widely used. The detection of this pathogen is critical for seed certification and for preventing field infections. In South Korea, bakanae is designated as a regulated pathogen. To provide highly qualified rice seeds to farms, Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) has been producing and distributing certified rice seeds for producing healthy rice in fields. Therefore, the objective of the study is to summarize the recent progress in molecular identification, fungicide resistance, and the management strategy of bakanae.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.772-781
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from expressed sequence tags (EST) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and identify 9 germplasms from 3 wild species of lettuce and 61 commercial cultivars using the developed EST-SSR markers. A total of 81,330 lettuce ESTs from NCBI databases were used to search for SSR and 4,229 SSR loci were identified. The highest proportion (59.12%, 2500) was represented by trinucleotide, followed by dinucleotide (29.70%, 1256) and hexanucleotide (6.62%, 280) among SSR repeat motifs. Totally 474 EST-SSR primers were developed from EST and a random set of 267 primers was used to assess the genetic diversity among 9 germplasms and 61 cultivars. Out of 267 primers, 47 EST-SSR markers showed polymorphism between 7 cultivars. Twenty-six EST-SSR markers among 47 EST-SSR markers showed high polymorphism, reproducibility, and band clearance. The relationship between 26 markers genotypes and 70 accessions was analyzed. Totally 127 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained by 26 EST-SSR markers and two to nine SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 4.88 alleles per locus. Average polymorphism information content was 0.542, ranging from 0.269 to 0.768. Genetic distance of clusters ranged from 0.05 to 0.94 between 70 accessions and dendrogram at a similarity of 0.34 gave 7 main clusters. Analysis of genetic diversity revealed by these 26 EST-SSR markers showed that the 9 germplasms and 61 commercial cultivars were discriminated by marker genotypes. These newly developed EST-SSR markers will be useful for cultivar identification and distinctness, uniformity and stability test of lettuce.