• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.365-370
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• 2010

Herpes virus family is highly infectious to patients, their families and dentists. The diagnosis of herpes infection is based on the characteristic clinical appearance and the location of the lesions. Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV) usually acquired through direct contact with infected lesions or body fluids, and the prevalence of HSV infection increases progressively from childhood. Primary infections provoke herpetic gingivostomatis typically affects the tongue, lips, gingival, buccal mucosa and palate. Recurrent infections give rise to vesiculo-ulcerative lesions at vermilion border of lip(herpes labialis). In the form of chickenpox, Varicella Zoster Virus(VZV) usually is infected in childhood. VZV spreads in the affected primary afferent nerve to the skin and produces a vesicular rash and pain. Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) infects B cells and cause infectious mononucleosis. Latent EBV infection has also been implicated in Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cytomegalovirus(CMV) is associated with immune-compromised patient such as organ transplantation and AIDS patients.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2019

Ramsay Hunt syndrome with the complication of encephalitis or meningoencephalitis is rarely reported and uncommon in immunocompetent patients. The radiological manifestations of such cases usually involve the cerebellum and brainstem or exhibit the absence of any abnormality. We report a case of a 78-year-old immunocompetent man hospitalized with Ramsay Hunt syndrome, who later developed meningoencephalitis. The cerebrospinal fluid-study excluded other causes of meningoencephalitis, and the clinical diagnosis indicated varicella zoster virus meningoencephalitis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased signal intensities in the bilateral temporal lobe, midbrain, and pons on T2-weighted imaging, and T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery and contralateral asymmetric pachymeningeal enhancement. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging revealed ipsilateral facial nerve enhancement.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

Blunt trauma, drugs, infection, congenital anomalies of the pancreaticobiliary system, and multisystem diseases are the main causes of acute pancreatitis in children. Various viruses can cause acute pancreatitis, but varicella-induced pancreatitis is unusual and generally observed in adults or immunocompromised patients. We report a rare case of acute pancreatitis associated with varicella-zoster virus infection in a 6-year-old immunocompetent girl. The patient initially presented complaining of severe abdominal pain and repetitive vomiting. The patient had multiple cutaneous crusts that has been caused by preceding varicella infection and had elevated values of serum amylase and lipase. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated swelling of the pancreas and pancreatic duct dilatation, findings which were compatible with acute pancreatitis. The patient's clinical and laboratory abnormalities were completely normalized through conservative treatment consisting of fasting, total parenteral nutrition, and analgesic therapy.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2005

Encephalitis is known as a rare complication of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. It is usually regarded as a complication of a cutaneous infection in patients with impaired cellular immunity. The reported incidence of herpetic motor involvement range between 0.5 and 31%, but is possibly more frequent as the weakness is readily obscured by pain. A 53-years-old woman, who presented with severe shoulder pain, fever, headache and seizure, which developed the day after skin eruptions, also developed motor paresis 7 days after the seizure. Her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was VZV-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative, but VZV specific IgG antibody positive, and her brain MRI was found to be normal. With the early diagnosis and proper treatment, such as intravenous administration of acyclovir, stellate ganglion block and Yamamoto New Scalp Stimulation (YNSS), the patient completely recovered, without psychoneurological sequelae. Herein, we present this case, with a discussion of the relevant literature on the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of central nervous system VZV involvement.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.412-414
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• 1996

Herpes zoster is an infection by the varicella zoster virus in a partly immune compromised person such as old age, cancer, immune deficiency disease. When either the upper lumbar or sacral segments are involved, serious urinary retention caused by central spread of herpes zoster from dorsal root ganglion can occur. The urinary disturbance appears to have been due to motor dysfunction of detrusor muscle, trigone muscle, and internal sphincter. We experienced two cases of zoster affecting different segments of the spinal cord and resulting in urinary retention.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.357-360
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• 2015

Herpes zoster virus (HZV) infections are caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. Reactivation symptoms commonly affect the thoracolumbar trunk, and rarely affect the mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve. When the mandibular branches are involved, lesions appear proximal to the innervation area. This condition may be associated with exfoliation of the teeth and osteonecrosis of the jawbone. We report a case of mandibular osteomyelitis after herpes zoster infection and we present a review of the literature on mandibular-branch involvement of HZV-related osteonecrosis.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.333-337
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• 2018

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a type of acute herpes zoster, which occurs by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus at the geniculate ganglion. Clinical presentation of Ramsay Hunt syndrome includes a vesicular rash on the ear (herpes zoster oticus) or in the oral mucosa accompanied by acute peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Other cranial nerves such as V, IX, XI, and XII are often involved. Additional variability of the clinical picture of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is produced by varying patterns of skin involvement explained by individual anastomoses between cranial and cervical nerves. Combination treatment containing anti-viral agents and steroids is recommended for the treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Additionally, early diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a crucial factor to improve damaged nerves in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, which initiates treatment as soon as possible.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.226-228
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• 2005

Zoster sine herpete (ZSH) is a varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation without a zoster that is difficult to diagnose early after onset. This study examined 12 patients who presented with intercostal neuralgia, had no history of trauma, cutaneous eruption and no scar of a herpes zoster on the lesion. Two patients had a vertebral compression fracture. Two patients had a history of a zoster in the other site. No other suspicious findings were observed. Ten of the twelve patients were checked for the IgG and IgM varicellar zoster virus antibody. All the patients tested positive to the Ig G antibody test and only one patient tested positive to the IgM antibody test. One patient was confirmed to have ZSH and the other patients were suspected of having ZSH. All the patients were treated for postherpetic neuralgia, resulting in a significant decrease in the intercostal neuralgia.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2012

Purpose: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is a common childhood disease. However, old and immune compromised patients are also at risk. Necrotizing fasciitis is a life threatening infection of the subcutaneous tissues, rapidly extending along the fascial planes. It is associated with a significant mortality rate, reported between 20% and 50%, and is therefore regarded as a surgical emergency. The authors treated a patient, who developed skin necrosis of her nose and left hemifacial area, following VZV infection. There are few literatures concerning this case; therefore, we present a rare case with review of literature. Methods: A 39-year-old woman had shown a localized, painful, multiple bullae and eschar formation in her nose and left hemifacial area for several days. Her skin lesion had rapidly worsened in size and morphology. Results: We diagnosed her as a necrotizing fasciitis, following herpes zoster, and then we performed a debridement of necrotic tissue and took a full thickness skin graft on her nose and left hemifacial area. Now, she was followed up with acceptable aesthetic result after 6 months. Conclusion: Secondary bacterial skin infection following VZV, can cause a result in a higher risk of complications. Among the complication, a necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is uncommon, and involvement of the nose is even more rare. Through this uncommon case report, we intend to emphasize the fact that early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is very important, since it frequently necessitates surgical treatment which improves morbidity and leads to good recovery.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.254-261
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• 1996

Attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was propagated in human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells Among media tested in this work, DMEM was the best medium for the growth of HLF cells. Because HLF was a normal finite cell line, cell growth late was dependent on the age of HLF cells. When the population doubling level (PDL) was higher than 46, apoptosis of HLF cells started and cell growth rate decreased. The optimum temperature for the cell growth and virus propagation in the T-flask culture was $37^{\circ}C$. In a microcarrier culture system in which Cytodex-3 was used for the VZV propagation in spinner vessels, the yield of plaque forming cells was lower than that in the T-flask culture. The relatively high shear environment near microcarriers was thought to cause the low yield of VZV in the microcarrier culture system.