• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.609-619
• /
• 1997

The concept of human emotion is recently demanded to be imbedded in industrial product and environment for enhancing quality of life. Human emotion is attempted to be qualified and quantified by physiological measurements. EEG variation, one of the physiological measurement, is observed to characterize psychological response in this study. This study is to find function and process of brain according to emotion. Twenty university students participated in this study and experienced positive and negative emotion by auditory stimulus. Delta, theta, alpha and beta waves showed characteristic variation in normalized sense according to positive and negative emotion. Local area showing significant difference between positive and negative emotion decreases with stimulus duration. Delta, theta and beta waves increase with negative emotion while alpha wave does with positive emotion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 1992.10a
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 1992

Design sensitivity analysis method for the vibration of vehicle structure is developed using adjoint variable method. A variational approach with complex response method is used to derive sensitivity expression. To evaluate sensitivity, FEM analysis of ship deck and vehicle structure are performed using MSC/NASTRAN on the super computer CRAY2S, and sensitivity computation is carried on PC. The accuracy of sensitivity is verified by the results of finite difference method. When compared to structural analysis time on CRAY2S, sensitivity computation is remarkably economical. The sensitivity of vehicle frame can be used to reduce the vibration responses such as displacement and acceleration of vehicle.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2000

Field survey on the variational characteristics of water quality and chlorophyll a concentraion were carried out at the 25 stations for four seasons in Kogum-sudo(Straits) southern coast of Korean Peninsula from Feburuary to October in 1993. We made an analysis on biological factor as chlorophyll a concentraion as well as physicio-chemical factors such as water temperature salinity sigma-t transparency dissolved oxygen(DO) chemical oxygen demand(COD) nutrients (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) N/P ratio and suspended solid(SS). The waters in the Kogum-sudo were not stratified due to the tidal mixing. And the high productivity in photic layer were supported by high nutrients concentration from bottom waters. The high concen-trations of suspended solid in straits had a bad influence upon marine biology of nature and cultivations. In Kogum-sudo had a sufficient nutrients for primary productivity during a year. Especially phosphate and inorganic nitrogen were high the other side silicate was very low. The source of nutrients supply depend on rather mineralization of organic matters and input of seawater from outside than input of freshwaters from lands. Phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorphyll a concentratiion was very high all the year round and it was controlled by the combination o f several environmental factors especially of phosphate in summer and dissolved nitrogen in other seasons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2021

A hot-firing test was conducted using gaseous-methane and gaseous-oxygen under highly fuel-rich condition as a prior study for the development of a liquid propellant small rocket engine. To compare combustion characteristics for various equivalence ratios, the oxygen flow rate was set to 12 g/s and the methane flow rate was changed according to the equivalence ratio. As a result, it was observed that the steady-state characteristic velocity obtained during the hot-firing test steeply rose in the latter part of each test: the difference between the former and the latter steady value was enhanced overall in proportion to the equivalence ratio. Based on this, the equivalence ratio range depending on the variational characteristics of the characteristic velocity could be divided into three combustion regimes.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2001.06c
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2001

Dynamic behavior of high speed train is very important because the high speed train should be safe and satisfied with the ride comfort. An eddy current brake system is mounted on trailer bogie and wheelset. The eddy current braking force longitudinally exerts on the articulated trailer bogie and the attraction force vertically exerts on the wheelset. Because a frame of eddy current brake system is flexible, these forces generate the vertical vibration at middle point of the frame. Also, the vibration change the vertical clearance between an electromagnet and top of rail which affect the magnitude of braking and attracting forces. Therefore, the dynamic behavior of the eddy current braking system must be predicted for design the dynamic characteristic of its mounting system when normally operate on rail which have irregularity. Vampire program is used for prediction of the dynamic behavior of an eddy current braking system. Five design variables and five performance index are considered for optimization through D-optimal experimental design in this paper. Also model center is used to search the optimal point for sum of performance index with variational matric method.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2006

Convective systems propagate eastward with a persistent pattern in the longitude-time space. The characteristic structure and fluctuation of convective system is helpful in determining its predictability. In this study, convective index (CI) was defined as a difference between GOES-9 window and water vapor channel brightness temperatures following Mosher (2001). Then the temporal-spatial scales and variational characteristics of the summer convective systems in the East Asia were analyzed. It is found that the average moving speed of the convective system is about 14 m/s which is much faster than the low pressure system in the summer. Their average duration is about 12 hours and the average length of the cloud streak is about 750km. These characteristics are consistent with results from other studies. Although the convective systems are forced by the synoptic system and are mostly developed in the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, they have a persistent pattern, i.e., appearance of the maximum intensity of convective systems, as they approach the Korean Peninsula. The consistency of the convective systems, i.e., the eastward propagation, suggests that there exists an intrinsic predictability.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.591-600
• /
• 2019

Based on the energy-variational principle, a coupling vibration analysis model of high-speed railway simply supported beam bridge-track structure system (HSRBTS) was established by considering the effect of shear deformation. The vibration differential equation and natural boundary conditions of HSRBTS were derived by considering the interlayer slip effect. Then, an analytic calculation method for the natural vibration frequency of this system was obtained. By taking two simply supported beam bridges of high-speed railway of 24 m and 32 m in span as examples, ANSYS and MIDAS finite-element numerical calculation methods were compared with the analytic method established in this paper. The calculation results show that two of them agree well with each other, validating the analytic method reported in this paper. The analytic method established in this study was used to evaluate the natural vibration characteristics of HSRBTS under different interlayer stiffness and length of rails at different subgrade sections. The results show that the vertical interlayer compressive stiffness had a great influence on the high-order natural vibration frequency of HSRBTS, and the effect of longitudinal interlayer slip stiffness on the natural vibration frequency of HSRBTS could be ignored. Under different vertical interlayer stiffness conditions, the subgrade section of HSRBTS has a critical rail length, and the critical length of rail at subgrade section decreases with the increase in vertical interlayer compressive stiffness.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.641-652
• /
• 2022

Fluid-conveying tubes are widely used to transport oil and natural gas in industries. As an advanced composite material, functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composites (FG-CNTRC) have great potential to empower the industry. However, nonlinear free vibration of the FG-CNTRC fluid-conveying pipe has not been attempted in thermal environment. In this paper, the nonlinear free vibration characteristic of functionally graded nanocomposite fluid-conveying pipe reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in thermal environment is investigated. The SWCNTs gradient distributed in the thickness direction of the pipe forms different reinforcement patterns. The material properties of the FG-CNTRC are estimated by rule of mixture. A higher-order shear deformation theory and Hamilton's variational principle are employed to derive the motion equations incorporating the thermal and fluid effects. A two-step perturbation method is implemented to obtain the closed-form asymptotic solutions for these nonlinear partial differential equations. The nonlinear frequencies under several reinforcement patterns are presented and discussed. We conduct a series of studies aimed at revealing the effects of the flow velocity, the environment temperature, the inner-outer diameter ratio, and the carbon nanotube volume fraction on the nature frequency.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.51-73
• /
• 1979

The zinc-lead deposits at the Yeonhwa I mine were investigated in terms of ore-forming geologic setting, structural style of ore control, geometry of individual orebodies, zoning, paragenesis and chemical composition of skarn minerals, as well as metal grades and ratios of selected orebodies. The Yeonhwa I mine is characterized by a large swarm of chimney type massive orebodies with thin skarn envelopes, boldly developed through a thick sequence of Pungchon Limestone, the overlying Hwajeol Formation, and the underlying Myobong Slate of Cambrian age. Nearly 20 orebodies of similar shape, but of varying size are arranged in a V-shaped pattern with northwest and northeast trends, clearly indicating an outstanding ore control by a conjugate system of fractures with these trends. Important orebodies are the Wolam 1, 2, 3, and 5 orebodies in the west, and the Namsan 1, 2, 3. and 5 orebodies in the east, among others. The Wolam 1 orebody, which was observed from the -360 level through the -240, -120, and 0 levels to the surface outcrops (totaling a vertical height of about 500m), shows a vertical variation in skarn mineralogy, ranging from pyroxene-garnet zone on the lower levels. through pyroxene (without garnet) zone on the intermediate levels, and finally to rhodochrosite vein on the upper levels and surface. Microprobe analyses of pyroxene and garnet on a total of 14 mineral grains revealed that pyroxenes are manganoan salitic in most samples, with downward increase of Fe and Mn, whereas garnets are highly andraditic, containing fractions of subordinate grossular with downward decrease of Fe. This indicates a reverse relationship of Fe-contents between pyroxene and garnet with depth. Ore minerals are major sphalerite, subordinate galena, and minor chalcopyrite. Sulfide gangue minerals include major pyrrhotite, and minor pyrite and marcasite of later age. Two types of variational trends in metal grades and ratios with depth are present on the plots of assay data from the Wolam orebodies: one is a steady upward increase in Pb, Zn, and Pb:Zn ratios, with a terminal decline at the top of orebody: the other is an irregular or sinusoidal change. The former is characteristic of chimney-type orebodies, whereas the latter is of vein· shaped orebodies. The Pb grades show large variations among orebodies and from level to level, whereas the Zn grades are relatively constand or less variable.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.4-25
• /
• 2013

Goli-su is the innovative special kind of the embroidery technique, which combines twining and interlacing skill with metal technology and makes the loops woven to each other with a strand. The loops floating on the space of the ground look like floating veins of sculpture and give people the feeling of the openwork. This kind of characteristic has some similarities with the lacework craft of Western Europe in texture and technique style, but it has its own features different from that of Western Europe. It mainly represents the splendid gloss with metallic materials in the Embroidered cloth, such as gold foil or wire. In the 10th century, early days of Goryo, we can see the basic Goli-su structure form of its initial period in the boy motif embroidery purse unearthed from the first level of Octagonal Nine-storied Pagoda of Woljeong-sa. In the Middle period of Joseon, there are several pieces of Goli-su embroidered relic called "Battle Flag of Goryo", which was taken by the Japanese in 1592 and is now in the Japanese temple. This piece is now converted into altar-table covers. In 18~19th century, two pairs of embroidered pillows in Joseon palace were kept intact, whose time and source are very accurate. The frame of the pillows was embroidered with Goli-su veins, and some gold foil papers were inserted into the inside. The triangle motif with silk was embroidered on the pillow. The stitch in the Needle-Looped embroidery is divided into three kinds according to comprehensive classification: 1. Goli-su ; 2. Goli-Kamgi-su ; 3. Goli-Saegim-su. From the 10th century newly establishing stage to the 13th century, Goli-su has appeared variational stitches and employed 2~3 dimensional color schemes gradually. According to the research of this thesis, we can still see this stitch in the embroidery pillow, which proves that Goli-suwas still kept in Korea in the 19th century. And in terms of the research achievement of this thesis, Archetype technology of Goli-su was restored. Han Sang-soo, Important Intangible Cultural Heritage No. 80 and Master of Embroidery already recreated the Korean relics of Goli-su in Joseon Dynasty. The Needle-Looped embriodery is the overall technological result of ancestral outstanding Metal craft, Twining and Interlacing craft, and Embroidery art. We should inherit, create, and seek the new direction in modern multi-dimensional and international industry societyon the basis of these research results. We can inherit the long history of embroidering, weaving, fiber processing, and expand the applications of other craft industries, and develop new advanced additional values of new dress material, fashion technology, ornament craft and artistic design. Thus, other crafts assist each other and broaden the expressive field to pursue more diversified formative beauty and beautify our life abundantly together.