• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.498-509
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• 1998

The phrases such as elders' powerless soliloquy or stammering and their positions unadjusted to the real world are, so far, one of negative views on elder's reminiscences. In other words, it means that elders can get psychological consolation from the getting themselves absorbed in their past. The starting point of this study is, however, that elders' reminiscence are their own mode of the existence. This dissertation is studied through Van Manen's phenomenological research method. The aim of this study is to examine the nature of Korean elders' reminiscences by both observing and describing the reminiscing content in everyday life of elders. The research participants consist of the ten elders who are community elders, hospitalized elders and nursing home residents. The period of the research is about a year from Jan., 1996 to Feb., 1997. The results of this study are as follows : The natures of elders' reminiscences are the regrecting on their life, mitigating the regrects, the confirmation of the powers and the confirmation of their life's mark. The regrecting on their life is the starting point of elders's reminiscences. Elders have tried to examine their life through reflection on their life that they did not live good life as son and daughter for parents and as parents for children and that they have foolishly lived, on dream that they did not come true, on their learning that they did not unsatisfied. But elders mitigate the regrects. They have felt their limitations of power in the conflict of human relation, the economic matter and the difficult predicament, and have finally accepted their life as it is by conquesting from their tenacity. It is dynamically found that both the regrecting on their life and mitigating of the regrection. And they pursuit the powers. It means the pursuit of the vital powers, the vigorous powers and the competency. Elders have pursued their vitality, vigor and competency through their reminiscences and have wanted to be recognised by others as a powerful being. These have dynamic and compounded aspects. The confirmation of their life's mark refer to through their own situation of health, condition, children, neighbourhood and doing their duty as a human. Elders have confirmed the present value of their being through the reflecting the present, past self, other men around themselves, children, neighborhood and the doing their human duty as a good men. Therefore the results of this study can offer new view on the elders' reminiscences that we have to understand them as a process as what they are, escaping from the simple logic that elders' reminiscence have a positive or a negative effects. Also, this study which have examined the natures of Korean elders' reminiscences can cast a new light on elders' nursing proper for Korean culture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.406-419
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• 2017

This study is to explore the essence and meaning of part-time job experience, in particular, to deduce growth experience through part-time jobs. This study is based on time-experience of phenomenological research method developed by the van Manen. For this research, the research data was collected by reviewing high school student part timer in Gyeonggi-do, those who had experience of average of two-year part time work or currently at work, and by undertaking in-depth interviews with seven of them from the March to April of 2017 with the agreements of the participants of this study. Time-experiences, i.e. part-time job experiences of youths, can be arranged as the following subjects. 'the feeling necessity part-time job and seeking it', 'adapting hard life of part-time', growth-experiencing through part-time work..The necessities for part-time job are feeling up consumption needs, aidsing domestic economy, pursuing independence, social and leisure life, self growth and preparing for the future. Adapting of part-time jobs are mastering, enduring, skillfuling work related to work adatation, and enduring ostracizing of old members, stopping and lasting, building bonds related to relationship adaptation. Growth-experiencing through part-time work are formig rational management for money, mental growth, preparing for the future. Based on these findings, the suggestion and limitation of the study were presented.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.206-223
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to discuss the nature of pregnancy experience among unwed Korean mothers and to figure out what it meant for them, by asking some of them to reflect on themselves in a written form from interpretative and phenomenological perspective, based on van Manen's research method of the same approach. The subjects in this study were seven unmarried mothers in Korea. The data were collected from July through December 2000 through in- depth interview and observation. The statements of the participants were taped, recorded, analyzed and select essential themes. To have a phenomenological understanding of the pregnancy unmarried mothers, literary works, including essays and novels, were reviewed. The findings of this study were as below: The selected substantial themes about the pregnancy and birth experiences of the single mothers included 'hatred for boy friend,' 'hatred for the fetus,' and 'hatred for myself.' The unmarried mothers met their boy friends through the introduction of friends. At first, they were good friends, but they soon went on a date and had sexual relation with no common knowledge about sex. Most of them were aware of their pregnancy after they felt fetal movement, but they put off taking the test because they didn't want to accept the fact and feared it. Such an attitude was rare among married pregnant women, and being pregnant with no prior preparation or sexual knowledge is not common in Western countries. They felt guilty and informed their boy friends of the fact, but the boy friends didn't admit their responsibility and rejected the babies. This made the poor girls hate them, and it turned into severe abhorrence. They thought their lives were ruined by the babies, and wished they would disappear. They reproached the babies, hitting their own bellies or making a kick. They considered themselves to be abandoned and didn't want to live any more. Giving themselves up to despair, some attempted to commit a suicide. They hoped to die, thinking their death would solve the problem. When they lost a chance of abortion and were about to have the babies adopted, they felt sorry for them. The unwanted pregnancy gave them a pain, but they keenly felt they were loved by their mothers, and learned the value of family. It's attempted in this study to clearly show how much unmarried Korean mothers suffered from pregnancy, and this effort paved the way for seeing unwed mothers in a new light and having a better understanding of them, instead of sticking to general perception.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2000

The Necessity and Purpose of the Study Recently the number of patients with chronic diseases and the aged patients is increasing steadily. Furthermore, due to the expansion of health insurance system, the number of patients hospitalized in the general hospital is increasing at a surprising speed. However, hospitals urge the early discharge of the patients for the efficiencies of hospital administration, and therefore, the number of patients who must be taken care of in their home is also increasing. Homecare nursing is one of the health care service for the patients at home who require continual attention and care, and now increasing attentions are given to it as one of the professional nursing fields. However, it was almost impossible to find a study on the actual experiences of the homecare nurses written by their own language in Korea, that it also posed a great difficulty in understanding their diverse experience. Considering these situation, this study will help understanding of them, and provide the fundamental data on their experiences for making policies to develop homecare nursing. Methods of Research Phenomenological research method was employed to analyze the lived experiences of homecare nurses fundamentally. Data collection Data were collected from August 1998 to December 1998 from ten homecare nurses who worked for patients under the homecare nursing setting as model cases designated by Seoul Nurses Association and who agreed to the purpose of this study after listening to and understanding the explanation completely. The in-depth interview was carried at the time which was convenient both for the researcher and participants for one or two hours, and recovered with the approval participants. The first interview covered diverse and broad areas like the situation of homecare nursing, and their feelings and thoughts over it, and in the second and third interviews, more specific questions are asked. Data Analysis For the phenomenological analysis, contents analysis was employed. The data collected from the participants were analyzed into the following procedures according to Van Manen 's phenomenological analysis. 1) Reserve the preconception of the researcher by restricting it inside parenthesis. 2) Make a thorough observation of the lived experiences by insight process. 3) Analyze the contents (Find out the repetitive factors) 4) Interpret the essence found. 5) State the meaning of the interpretation. Results and discussion 1. Fear and expectation for the first visit. (unfamiliarity, awkwardness, anxiety, shivering) 2. Mingle with the family (feeling friendly with the family, becoming like a family member) 3. Being proud of her own know-how (learning the know-how, organizing alternatives, building up confidence) 4. Pity for the poor. (criticizing the current government, feeling ashamed, feeling anger) 5. Difficulty of constructing cooperative system with physicians (strenuousness, frustration) 6. Helplessness due to the lack of support system (difficulty to get supplies, annoyance, embarrassment by institutional restraints) 7. Anxiousness for heavy traffic and parking (annoyance, hastiness) 8. Ethical conflicts (pity for the patients and family, skepticism about lengthening life maintenance) 9. Burden for the possible accident (pressure, anxiety, conflict, physical exhaustion) 10. Establishment of identity as a professional (fulfillment, worth, joy) 11. Being distressed at other's ignorance

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.452-462
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• 2000

There are currently 214 orphanages in Korea which house approximately 13,873 orphans aged between 3 and 18; this accounts for about 0.12% of all children in the same age range. Some have lost their parents, but most have come after their parents divorced or broke up. This means majority of the children in Child Care Centers have parents. Traditional virtue of obedience to parents (Hyo) was regarded as one of the highest value in Korea. Also the interaction between parents and their children was regarded as basic human nature that parents look after, both physically and spiritually, their children until they become one of the matured social member. Raised without having a chance to realize their filial duty and not having been cared for by their parents, most orphans feel that they lack something in their lives when compared with friends. In the end, they live their lives longing for their parents and go through mental discord about their parents. This paper is focused on understanding orphans' experience and views on parents. I approached the issue by applying van Manen's Hermeneutic Phenomenological Approach. The interviews, along with other reference material were phenomenologically reflected to draw essential themes as follows; 1. Orphans of pre-school age hazily long for parents without having any practical image of their parents. 2. They occasionally dream meeting their parents with image that can only last in their dreams, and this continues up through middle school. 3. At the age of elementary school, they crave the image of parents as they see their friends with their parents. 4. They start to despise their parents for having abandoned them when they reach puberty. 5. Meanwhile, as their vague image of parents fade away, they attempt to give up their thoughts toward their parents. 6. Highteens start to think in terms of fate. 7. They don't long for their parents anymore as they used to, but still wishes to meet them at least once. However, they don't want to start any kind of a relationship with them. 8. They fear that they will also fail in raising families of their own, and making their children orphans too, just like their parents have. They simply don't want to follow their footsteps. 9. Thinking that they were abandoned by their parents, they are reluctant to believe other people.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.191-219
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• 2014

The major purpose of this study was to explore care giving experiences of mothers, who have their children with borderline intellectual functioning disorder. The core analytical strategy was to find out the essential meaning of caring their children. For this purpose, eight mothers were participated in depth interview, which conducted during October, 2011 through July 2012. The face-to-face interview repeated two or three times based on phenomenological perspective. The interview suggested two major findings: changing mother's view from raising retarded children to caregiving a child with growing-up substantially slow speed; the essence of nurturing experiences for mothers, whose children have borderline intellectual functioning, was to watching with attention rather than advocating ownership. This result can be also found in Barshow's concept of 'watching' rather than 'possession', which is suggested by Tennyson. However, the essential meaning of this concept was associated with 'watching with care', which was originated form Goethe's notion of 'existence'. Mother's of children with borderline intellectual functioning have reached a point of view: when creating a parent-child relationship, it was essential that the child was not 'my child', but was 'a child' per se. This type of parent-child relationship was a result of giving up a desire that the child raised within mother's boundary. It was also a result of psychological warfare and conflict in mother's mind. To internalized this view, it is recommended that the mothers implement the following three perspectives: first, the mothers put down overly-pushed motive toward their children; second, they enhance their level of understanding toward their child; third, it is necessary that the mothers build a new sense of existence through matching their level of concern with their children.