• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2017

Objectives : The Korean Resource Based Relative Value Scale (K-RBRVS) was introduced in 2001 as an alternative of the previous medical fee schedule. Unfortunately, most neurosurgeons are unfamiliar with the details of the K-RBRVS and how it affects the reimbursement rates for the surgical procedures we perform. We summarize the K-RBRVS in brief, and discuss on how the relative value (RV) of the spinal neurosurgical procedures have changed since the introduction in 2001. Methods : We analyzed the change of spinal procedure RVs since 2001, and compared it with the change of values in the brain neurosurgical procedures. RVs of 88 neurospinal procedures on the list of K-RBRVS were analyzed, while 24 procedures added during annual revisions were excluded. Results : During the past 15 years, RVs for spinal procedures have increased 62.8%, which is not so different with the cumulative increase of consumer prices during this time period or the increase rate of 92.3% for brain surgeries. When comparing the change of RVs in more complex procedures between spinal and brain neurosurgery, the increase rate was 125.3% and 133%, respectively. Conclusion : More effort of the society of spinal surgeons seems to be needed to get adequate reimbursement, as there have been some discrimination compared to brain surgeons in the increase of RVs. And considering the relative underestimation of spinal neurosurgeons' labor, more objective measures of neurospinal surgeons' work and productivity should be developed for impartial reimbursement.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.806-816
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• 2008

In recent years, increases in impervious areas with rapid urbanization and land use changes are causing numerous hydrologic and environmental problems. In this study Low Impact Development (LID) was applied to investigate changes in runoff and peak runoff with LID plans. SWMM 5.0 was used to simulate LID Integrated Management Practices (IMPs) at study area. The SWMM estimated total runoff volume with conventional land use planning is (82.3%, 46.44 mm), (99%, 73.16 mm) greater than total runoff before urbanization, while total runoff with LID is (11.1%, 46.44 mm), (49%, 73.16 mm) greater than those before urbanization. With the LID adoption in land use planning, pervious area increases by 49.8% compared with that from the conventional urban land use planning, resulting in (32.7%, 46.44 mm), (23.6%, 73.16 mm) decrease in total runoff, and (32.6%, 46.44 mm), (18.5%, 73.16 mm) decreases in peak rate runoff. The results obtained from this study indicate that peak rate runoff, time to peak, and total runoff can be reduced with the LID in urban land use planning because the LID secures pervious areas with various LID IMPs. The SWMM simulated result using design storm data and the US EPA suggested CN values for various LID IMPs implies that how environment-friendly urban land use planning with the LID adoption is important for sustainable development at urbanizing watershed.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2010

Previous low-energy time synchronization methods have mainly focused on reducing the number of transmission or reception packets. However, this paper proposes a method that reduces the percentage of time a node has to be awake (the duty cycle), assuming that a periodic sleep-wake cycle is used to conserve energy. Based on our experience with actual WSN devices, a system model is proposed, and the potential performance of the proposed method, with different parameter values, is analyzed. To further demonstrate the feasibility of our method, experiments were conducted using nine WSN devices in a $3{\times}3$ grid network topology. The results show the average synchronization error is 107.57 $\mu{s}$ in duty cycle 5% and synchronization period 10 sec, and 130 $\mu{s}$ in duty cycle 2.5% and synchronization period 20 sec.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2010

To discover association rules from nontransactional data, there have been many studies on discretization of attribute values. These studies do not reflect the change of discovered rules' confidence according to the change of the ranges of the discretized attributes, and perform the discretization stage and the rule discovery stage independently. This causes the ranges of attributes not properly discretized, thereby making the rules having high confidence excluded in the result set. To solve this problem, we propose a novel method that performs the discretization and rule discovery stages simultaneously in order to discretize ranges of attributes in such a way that the rules having high confidence are discovered well. To the end, we perform hierarchical clustering on the attributes in the right hand side of rules, then do characterization on every cluster thus obtained. The experimental result demonstrates that our method discovers the rules having high confidence better than existing methods.

• Korean Journal of Communication Studies
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.43-68
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• 2012

Reunification is one of the most important values that the South Korea should pursue, and Korean broadcasting takes duties as a social communicator to practice the reunification ideology. In the context of multi-channel, multi platform broadcasting system, reunification should be emphasized as fundamental broadcasting principles. This study attempts to analyze the regular programs which cover North Korea and reunification in KBS and MBC from 2001 to 2010 in order to show the practices of the reunification ideology in Korean broadcasting. The results of this study show that theses programs should make efforts to find new material and develop a new program formats. In addition, there should be various genres of reunification programs in order to deliver reunification issues in more interesting ways. TV programs regarding reunification need to be designated as mandatory programs. Based on these results, this study discusses practical suggestions and policy considerations for the practice of reunification ideology in Korean Broadcasting.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2017

The statistical context-sensitive spelling correction technique in this thesis is based upon Shannon's noisy channel model. The interpolation method is used for the improvement of the correction method proposed in the paper, and the general interpolation method is to fill the middle value of the probability by (N-1)-gram and (N-2)-gram. This method is based upon the same statistical corpus. In the proposed method, interpolation is performed using the frequency information between the statistical corpus and the correction document. The advantages of using frequency of correction documents are twofold. First, the probability of the coined word existing only in the correction document can be obtained. Second, even if there are two correction candidates with ambiguous probability values, the ambiguity is solved by correcting them by referring to the correction document. The method proposed in this thesis showed better precision and recall than the existing correction model.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.498-503
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• 2017

SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) is a representative parallelization architecture that processes multiple data loaded in a SIMD register with a single instruction. Quicksort is a sorting algorithm that picks an element as a pivot from the array and reorders the array such that all elements having the values less than the pivot value are located in the left side on the pivot as well as all elements having the value greater than the pivot value are located in the right side on the pivot and then the algorithm performs the same task on both sublist recursively. In this paper, we propose an efficient Quicksort algorithm applying the SIMD instructions which minimally invokes conditional branches to avoid the performance degradation incurred by branch misprediction in a pipeline architecture. In addition, we improve the performance of the Quicksort algorithm by fetching data into a SIMD register as a byte unit to apply VBP (Vertical Bit Parallel) and the early pruning technique.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.521-529
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• 2003

In this paper we present an improved method by using demographic information for overcoming the similarity miss-calculation from the sparsity problem in collaborative filtering recommendation systems. The similarity between a pair of users is only determined by the ratings given to co-rated items, so items that have not been rated by both users are ignored. To solve this problem, we add virtual neighbor's rating using demographic information of neighbors for improving prediction accuracy. It is one kind of extentions of traditional collaborative filtering methods using the peason correlation coefficient. We used the Grouplens movie rating data in experiment and we have compared the proposed method with the collaborative filtering methods by the mean absolute error and receive operating characteristic values. The results show that the proposed method is more efficient than the collaborative filtering methods using the pearson correlation coefficient about 9% in MAE and 13% in sensitivity of ROC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1705-1711
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• 2001

Silage corn (Zea mays L) is grown extensively in livestock operations, and many managements focus on forage yield. This experiment was conducted at Seoul National University (SNU) Experimental Livestock Farm, Suwon in 1998. We determined the effect of planting date and harvest stage on forage yield and quality responses of corn hybrids (five relative maturity groups). The five maturity groups (100 d, 106 d, 111 d, 119 d and 125 d) were planted on 15 April and 15 May, and harvested at maturity stages (1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 kernel milkline). Whole plant dry matter (DM) and ear percentages had significant differences among corn hybrids. Ear percentages of early maturing corns (100 d and 106 d) were higher than for other hybrids. Ear percentage at the early planting date was higher than that at the late planting date for all corn hybrids. The DM and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of the 106 d and 111 d corn hybrids were higher than other hybrids, and the DM and TDN yields at the early planting date were higher than that at the late planting date. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) percentages were greater for the late maturity corn hybrids. For plants of the early planting date, the ADF and NDF percentages were lower than for those of late planting date for hybrids. From the comparison among harvest stages, ADF and NDF percentages were decreased as harvest stage progressed. The TDN, net energy for lactation (NEL), and cellulase digestible organic matter of dry matter (CDOMD) were decreased as maturity of corn hybrid delayed. The TDN, NEL, and CDOMD values at the early planting date were higher than those at the late planting date among for corn hybrids. From the comparison among harvest dates, TDN, NEL, and CDOMD values were increased as harvest stage progressed. The correlation coefficient for DM percentage of grain at harvest with DM and TDN yields were 0.68*** and 0.76***, respectively. And the correlation coefficient for ear percentage with ADF, NDF, and CDOMD were -0.81***, -0.82*** and 0.73***, respectively. Our study showed differences of silage corn in forage production and quality resulting from hybrid maturity, planting date, and harvest stage. We believe that for the best silage corn, selection of the hybrid and best management practices are very important.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2023

Process-based K-cabbage model is based on physiological processes such as photosynthesis and phenology, making it possible to predict crop growth under different climate conditions that have never been experienced before. Current first-stage process-based models can be used to assess climate impact through yield prediction based on climate change scenarios, but no comparison has been performed between big data obtained from the main production area and model prediction so far. The aim of this study was to find out the direction of model improvement when using the current model for yield prediction. For this purpose, model performance evaluation was conducted based on data collected from farmers growing 'Chungwang' cabbage in Taebaek and Samcheok, the main producing areas of Chinese cabbage in highland region. The farms surveyed in this study had different cultivation methods in terms of planting date and soil water and nutrient management. The results showed that the potential biomass estimated using the K-cabbage model exceeded the observed values in all cases. Although predictions and observations at the time of harvest did not show a complete positive correlation due to limitations caused by the use of fresh weight in the model evaluation process (R²=0.74, RMSE=866.4), when fitting the model based on the values 2 weeks before harvest, the growth suitability index was different for each farm. These results are suggested to be due to differences in soil properties and management practices between farms. Therefore, to predict attainable yields taking into account differences in soil and management practices between farms, it is necessary to integrate dynamic soil nutrient and moisture modules into crop models, rather than using arbitrary growth suitability indices in current K-cabbage model.