• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 1985

This study was designed to investigate the nutritional anemic state and hematological findings of children, aged 11 and 12 years, living in Haenam Koon (living at home) and in Mokpo City (living in an orphan asylum) located in Chonnam. The mean red blood cell number of male was higher than female in both groups of living in the rural area and in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01), but the white blood cell count was not significantly different. The levels of average hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the children in both groups were similar, and 19.8% of children living at home in the rural area and 32.1% of children living in the city orphan asylum were anemic. The mean levels of serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio in children of both group were not statistically different, and 18.4% of children living at home in the rural area and 13.2% of children living in the city orphan asylum were insufficient in the serum total protein value. The average serum cholesterol level of children living at home in the rural area was higher than that of children living in the city orphan asylum(p<0.01), and that of female living at home was higher than that of male (p<0.05). The mean levels of serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation of children living at home in the rural area were significantly higher than those of children living in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01).

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for developing nutrition education programs for preschool children and their families. The subjects were 291 parents whose children went to daycare centers in Uiwang. The questionnaire contained 15 items for children's dietary habits and six items for parents' nutritional attitudes. The results of frequency analysis of children's dietary habits were as follows: 63.9% of children ate meals regularly, however breakfast (46.4%) was usually skipped; 44.0% of children ate a snack more than twice per day; 56.7% did not have late night meals; 49.5% ate out once to twice per week; 89.7% had dinner with family more than three times per week; and 43.6% had picky eating habits. The percentage of children who did not eat vegetables and seaweed was the highest among other food groups. Intake frequencies were low in fatty foods, instant foods, and fast foods. Some correlations were observed between picky eating habits and other dietary habits by cross-tabulation analysis. Intake frequency of non-picky eating children was lower for late night eating and fatty foods but higher for vegetables and seaweed compared to picky eating children. Parents answered that their nutritional knowledge level was normal (72.2%), and nutritional information was collected using the Internet (36.0%). Nutritional value was the most considered point in meal preparation of parents (43.3%), and the most difficult factor in child's diet management was lack of time due to working (36.1%). Parents cited method of creating a menu (27.0%) and table manners (25.3%) as topics of nutrition education by professionals. Therefore, various nutrition education programs need to be developed to improve healthy dietary habits for children and their families.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.160-174
• /
• 2005

Despite the decrease in the number of children due to low birth rate, the domestic children's apparel market has been achieving steady growth as family income is rising thanks to more opportunities for working women, parents spend more on their children, and they prefer brand products that make their children look special. In addition, the market is suffering from hard competition as large enterprises have joined the race. The present study purposed to survey the children's apparel market in Korea, which is in a transitional period, and to contribute to the development of the market with Korean brands. For this purpose, we analyzed the characteristics of children's apparel brands in the 21st century based on the current state of the domestic children's apparel market and, based on the findings, forecasted the future trend of children's apparel brands, suggested improvements for expected problems, proposed standards for coping with changes such as diversification, high quality and differentiation in the children's apparel market, and provided consumers with information on how to purchase products. According to the result of analyzing the characteristics of children's apparel brands in the 21st century, brands are categorized largely into four types - life cultural brands, functional product brands, character brands and brands advancing to China. Life cultural brands equipped with all necessities for children are expanding, and with the deepening social problems of environmental pollution and the reduction of the child population, functional products made of environment-friendly materials are spreading widely, targeting infants and children. Furthermore, for extending age targets and diversifying products, children's apparel is using characters. The use of characters is expected to have a considerable effect on the growth of brands because children are more subjective as consumers than before and they are more easily persuaded with characters. Domestic children's apparel brands advancing to China have a high expectation of success in overcoming the limitation of the local market that has reached its peak and growing into global brands. Korean apparel makers are struggling to overcome the depressed domestic market, to recover consumers' consumption, to cope with market opening, to pursue high value of sensibility and to expand the seniors' market, etc. In this situation, future trends of children's apparel brands will be the expansion of family brands, brand totalization, quality price, niche market (pre-teen market), etc. In response to these trends, we made the following suggestions for improvement. 1. Children's apparel brands are evolving into family brands as well as into total brands through voluming. Today, however, apparel makers are advancing to the children's apparel market with the concept of adults' apparel and, as a result, children's apparel is merely adults' apparel of reduced size, having problems in design, color and materials. Thus, apparel makers must develop design considering the wide range of size and the characteristics of children's apparel, strengthen sourcing abilities to create revenues, and make thorough survey of customers to find common denominators between adults' apparel and children's apparel considering that characteristic that the target class is different from the buyer class. Furthermore, they must make active investments in human resources, develop outstanding products through advanced planning and design, and support marketing techniques and management systems to stores. 2. As the declining birth rate will continue to have a negative effect on the market, it may be difficult to expand the market size but there is still a margin for growth through high-sensibility and high-quality products. The competitiveness of brands is determined by their market shares. Accordingly, concepts should be specialized according to lifestyle, customers' diverse needs should be satisfied, and cross-coordination should be achieved within a brand. 3. Considering Korean parents who do not spare investment in their children despite shrinking consumption, functional products must be high value-added goods that can enhance efficiency. However, in the current situation of the infants' apparel industry where a textile manufacturer supply its products to multiple brands, it is difficult to develop unique products only based on materials. Thus, it is considered urgent to appeal to consumers not by relying on materials only but by finding methods of applying their own characters to children's dress.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권47호
• /
• pp.357-380
• /
• 2017

21C 이후 캐릭터는 대중 친화적인 요소와 이미지 통일화 계획(Community Identity Program), OSMU 활용 가치 등에 의하여 많은 기업, 기관, 단체 등에서 개발 및 활발히 운영되어져 오고 있다. 본 연구는 2014~2016년까지 국립아시아문화전당 어린이문화원 콘텐츠연구개발 사업으로 수행하였던 아시아문화기반의 국립아시아문화전당 어린이문화원의 캐릭터 개발 및 어플리케이션 제작계획에 의하여 진행되었다. 본 연구 개발 및 목적은 국립아시아문화전당의 CI와 함께 사용할 어린이문화원의 철학과 기능에 적합한 캐릭터와 어플리케이션 및 네이밍을 개발하여 어린이문화원의 브랜드 가치를 높이고 어린이문화원을 상징할 수 있는 아이덴티티 시스템의 기틀을 마련하는데 의의를 두고자 한다. 본 연구의 방법과 범위는 아시아를 5개 권역으로 나누어 아시아의 대표적인 스토리 100개를 선정하고 자문과 설문조사에 의하여 상징적인 동물들을 추출 및 분석하여 국립아시아문화전당 어린이문화원에서 추구하는 상징과 의미를 함축한 스토리텔링 기반의 캐릭터와 어플리케이션 및 네이밍을 개발하는 것이다. 국립아시아문화전당 어린이문화원의 캐릭터는 어린이문화원의 상징성을 널리 알리고 있으며, OSMU에 적극적으로 활용되어지고 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.150-157
• /
• 2007

This study analyzed Kimchi eating culture in 178 households with female middle school children located in Incheon and Seosan areas, investigated the Kimchi eating patterns of female middle school students, and also analyzed the differences in value recognition for Kimchi between mothers and their female middle school students. Results showed that 23.0% of subject households answered eat Kimchi at every meal and the main reason for eating Kimchi in most households was good for taste. Most households made their own Kimchi, and only 12.3% of households bought Kimchi. Subject households preferred hot and spicy taste (34.8%) and pleasing taste (20.2%), and 44.4% of middle school children answered as eating Kimchi at every meal, and the source for information on Kimchi was home in 51.6% and mass media in 33.7%, suggesting the lack of school education. Both mothers and their female middle school students placed high value on Kimchi for its nutritional aspect and on Kimchi from the market for its convenience. Mothers showed significantly higher value (p<0.05) on the storage aspect of Kimchi compared to their middle school students, and female middle school students showed significantly higher value (p<0.05) on the value recognition for Kimchi as an international food compared to their mothers. Also, the value for hot pepper powder was high among other additional ingredients, and both mothers and middle school students had high values for Kimchi stew among other food dishes using Kimchi, and middle school students showed higher values (p<0.001) on foreign dishes using Kimchi such as Kimchi pizza and Kimchi spaghetti compared to the mothers group. Therefore, based on these results, the development of educational programs on Kimchi is needed not only at home but also at schools, by re-emphasizing the importance of value recognition for Klmchi in our food culture.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.893-898
• /
• 1996

어린이 김치 표준화의 일환으로 어린이 김치의 기호에 큰 영향을 미치는 고추가루의 적합한 선정을 위해 경상도 일대에서 생산되어 시판되고 있는 4종류(A, B, C, D)의 고추가루에 대해 고추가루의 일반성분 및 색도, capsaicinoid류 및 당 함량 등을 분석하였고 이들 고추가루로 담근 김치에 대한 관능검사를 행하였다. 4종류의 시판되고 있는 고추가루의 일반 성분은 수분이 11.59~13.48%, 조지질이 7.59~8.39%, 조회분이 4.34~7.45% 로 나타났다. 고추가루의 색깔에 있어서 Hunter 색차계로서 측정된 적색도 a값, 황색도 b값은 A고추가루가 가장 우수했으며, 밝기를 나타내는 ASTA color값은 A(178.20)>C(142.80)>B(114.28)>D(98.06) 고추가루 순으로서 역시 A고추가루가 가장 우수하였다. 고추가루의 매운맛을 나타내는 capsaicinoids에 있어서 capsaicin 함량은 D고추가루가, dihydrocapsaicin은 C고추가루가 가장 높았다. 또한 capsaicin dihydrocapsaicin에 각각 1 : 0.6의 가중치를 주어 산출된 capsaicin equivalent 는 D>C>A>B고추가루 순이었다. 고추가루의 유리당 함량은 주된 성분인 과당, 포도당 모두 B>A>D>C고추가루 순이었고 서당은 A>D>C>B 고추가루 순이었다. 총 당 함량 역시 B고추가루가 16.81%로서 다른 제품에 비해 가장 높았다. 한편 4종의 고추가루를 달리하여 담근 김치에 대한 관능검사 결과 색깔 면에서 발효기간 전반에 걸쳐 A고추가루가 가장 우수하였고 종합적인 맛에 있어서도 가장 좋은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 A고추가루로 담은 김치는 초등학생들의 관능검사 결과 현재의 초등학교 급식김치 보다 색깔을 비롯한 5개 전항목에서 높은 점수를 얻었다(p<0.01). 그리고 이때 사용된 A고추가루의 일반특성은 capsaicin equivalent 24.lsmg%, 총 당 함량 15.79% 그리고 ASTA color값 178.2였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.793-800
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the food habits and nutrient intake of preschool children by investigating their food and snack consumption. To accomplish this, a food habit questionnaire and dietary intake survey was administered to 148 children between 2 and 6 years of age (average 4.8 years). According to the Kaup index, the underweight, normal, overweight and obesity levels of the subjects were 4.7, 60.1, 26.4, and 8.8%, respectively. In addition, the total energy intake met the EAR ($1433.94{\pm}369.70kcal$), whereas the protein, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B and vitamin C levels exceeded the EAR and the RI. Furthermore, the nutrient intake profile revealed that the mean caloric value of breakfasts consumed by preschool children in Daegu (403 kcal) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of preschool children in the Gyeongbuk area (271 kcal). Additionally, preschool children in Daegu ($382.96{\pm}255.79kcal$) usually consumed significantly (p<0.01) less food than those in the Gyeongbuk area ($413.82{\pm}275.43kcal$). The preferred snacks among subjects (in descending order) were milk, bread, fruit, potato or sweet potato and cookies. The mean score of the Food Habit was $3.72{\pm}0.35$ out of 5, although the score of preschool children in Daegu ($3.77{\pm}0.32$) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of children in the Gyeongbuk area ($3.65{\pm}0.32$). Taken together, these results indicate that there were significant differences in the Food Habit and nutrient intake level of children in Daegu and the Gyeongbuk area. Therefore, parents and caregivers should be aware of the importance of the nutritional status of preschool children and choose healthy snacks for them.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.201-213
• /
• 2000

The aim of this study is to survey the eating habits and nutritional knowledge of children in Pusan, with a view to uncovering problems and their underlying causes and cultivating desirable dietary habit and nutrition for children. Three hundred and fifty six elementary school students were asked questions about their eating habits and nutritional knowledge as well as general information about their personal characteristics. The results showed: 1. Only 53.5% of the subjects had breakfast every day. Seventy-six percent of the subjects had dinner every day. Only 40% of the children took meals and talked with family at both breakfast and dinner. Thus there was little opportunity for dietary guidance by parents. 2. About half of the subjects answered that their appetite decreased after eating snack foods between meals. A third of the subjects liked the baked goods as snacks. Because of their high sugar and fat content, they can damage children's health, resulting in child diabetes and tooth decay. For this reason, careful education is necessary to allow children to be able to select snack foods that are appropriate in kind and quantity. 3. About 85% of the subjects had an unbalanced diet. Therefore systematic nutrition education at school is necessary to instill in children the value of balanced diet. 4. Children preferred rice to other cereals as a staple food. They disliked kimchi, seasoned and blanched foods and salads as subsidiary foods. It is therefore necessary to teach children systematically the nutritional advantage of cereals and vegetables and to heighten their awareness of Korean food culture. 5. Children had a low level of nutritional knowledge. The knowledge of specific nutrients was lower than that of foods. In conclusion, systematical educational programs need to be developed at elementary school. These should include information about achieving a balanced diet, good eating habit, meal management and Korean dietary culture. Nutritional education at home must be emphasized.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.98-106
• /
• 1982

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional status of physically handicapped children with cerebral palsy in order to contribute to their welfare by studying their healthy status, nutrient intake, daily energy expenditure, and living environment. The survey was conducted at two rehabilitation institutions from May 25 to June 30, 1981. A special questionnaire was designed to investigate the living environment. The 24 hr. recall method was used in evaluation the nutrient intake of 67 children. Anthropometric measurement was made of height, weight, chestgirth, upper-arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness. The biochemical status of the children with cerebral palsy was assessed with measurement of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results may be summarized as follows : 1. The children with cerebral palsy, the intakes of all nutrients except vitamin A, thiamin, and ascorbic acid were lower than Korean recommend dietary allowances (1980). They had significantly higher intakes of vitamin A and calcium than the normal children, but the calcium intake was low as 62% of the Korea RDA. 2. All the children with cerebral palsy were very short and low weight in comparison with the accepted standards, but chestgirth was above the accepted standards for Korean school children. 3. The average hemoglobin value was 12.2gm%, hematocrit 39.3%, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 31.1%. 4. The possible etiological factors of cerebral palsy were, prenatal factors 16%, natal 44.9%, postnatal 27.5%, and unknown 11.6%. Eighty four percent of the children showed their first symptoms within the first year after birth. 5. Thirty percent of the parents said that the handicapped children lead to marital problems, and 84.1% of the parents mentioned that medical expenses for the children influenced their family finances.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.249-259
• /
• 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the longitudinal mediating effects of peer attachment on the relationship between psychological school environment and children's sense of community. Data on 1,088 children were obtained from the 10^th, 11^th, and 13^th Panel Study on Korean Children in the 3rd 4th, and 6th grades. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, Pearson's correlation, a latent growth model, and a multivariate latent growth model. All analyses were conducted in SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0. The principal results were as follows. First, children's peer attachment gradually decreased over time. Moreover, individual differences existed in the initial values and rates of change. Second, the psychological school environment in the 3rd grade positively influenced children's initial peer attachment, which then exerted a positive impact on children's sense of community in the 6th grade. Second, the psychological school environment in the 3rd grade negatively influenced children's rates of change, which also exerted a positive impact on children's sense of community in the 6th grade. Finally, the initial value and rates of change of peer attachment were significant mediating effects of the relationship between the psychological school environment in the 3rd grade and children's sense of community in the 6th grade. The findings highlight the necessity of creating a psychological school environment that develops peer attachment and a sense of community among children.