• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.150-153
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• 2015

The construction industry is an integral part of any nation's economy, whether measured by dollar volume or workforce size. In spite of its strong influence, there has been very little specifically aimed at evaluating the current industry performance. This research investigates the macroeconomic performance of the construction industry by accounting for crucial performance affecting factors such as labor productivity and gross margin. A clustering analysis, followed by a series of statistical analyses, yielded a notable finding that labor productivity is the most important factor that affects industry's profitability. The results of the analysis also revealed that the states with the strongest labor productivity show the highest level of profitability in terms of gross margin. This study should be of value to decision-makers when plotting a roadmap for future growth and rendering a strategic business decision.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.54-79
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• 1998

Entering the 1990s, Korean economies experienced the high-cost and low-efficiency situation which evetually caused many Korean firms led to relocate their production facilities to lower labor cost countries. This paper aims to draw out the characteristics of FDI and to evaluate the impacts of FDI in manufacturing sectors. Firstly, we try to categorize the indutries into three groups, labor intensive, capital intensive, and the technology intensive industries figuring out the characteristics of FDI of Korean firms. Secondly, we compare the three categories by grouping high and low foreign investment areas using value added data. Thirdly, we analyse the impacts of foreign production relocation the number of firms, production volume and jobs creation in Korea during the period 1991-1996. This paper concludes that the FDI of Korean firms concentrates to labor intensive industry and the hollowing effect caused by FDI was observed partially in the labor intensive industry.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.188-202
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of one-to-one labor support on labor pain, labor stress response, childbirth experience and neonatal status for primipara by a quasi experiment (nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design), from April 30, 1999 to February 20, 2000. The subjects of this experiment consisted of eighty two primipara with single gestation, full term, uncomplicated pregnancies. Forty one were in the experimental group and forty one in the control group. Their mean age was 25.95 years, their mean gestation period was 39.9 weeks. A caring package of one-to-one labor support had three components. Physical support consisted of massage, back pressure, touch. Emotional support was provided by a continuous nurse's presence, acceptance and encouragement. Informational support involved teaching breathing skills, relaxation skills and knowledge about the labor process. Data assessed labor pain, pulse rate and blood pressure to measure labor stress response. Also, in measuring the value of labor stress response, plasma epinephrine, plasma norepinephrine and serum cortisol were measured. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's childbirth experiences was collected. Umbilical cord arterial blood pH, one minute and five minute Apgar score were measured after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA with SAS Program. The results were as follows; 1. Labor pain was significantly low in the experimental group(P=.016). 2. No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, serum cortisol, pulse rate and blood pressure. 3. The childbirth experience of the experimental group was significantly more positive than the control group (P = .005). 4. The umbilical cord arterial blood pH of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P=.014). There was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal one minute and five minute Apgar scores. In conclusion, these findings indicate that one-to-one labor support could be effective in decreasing labor pain, and increasing positive childbirth experiences, also increasing the neonatal umbilical cord arterial blood pH for primipara. So, one-to-one labor support could be applied as an effective nursing treatment for primipara.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2020

많은 연구자들이 정보기술 투자의 성과 측정에 관심을 가졌기에 다양한 자료원과 분석 방법으로 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔고, 대부분의 연구들은 정보기술 투자가 성과를 창출한다고 보고하고 있다. 이러한 연구들은 기업 수준에서 많이 수행되었는데, 산업 수준에서는 다른 결과가 발생할 수 있다. 전자산업의 경우, 정보기술의 성능이 증가하면 전자산업에서 생산되는 정보기술의 판매가 감소되어 전자산업의 부가가치는 감소할 수 있다. 분석결과, 미국의 전자산업에서 산업의 정보기술 자본의 증가는 산업의 부가가치를 증가시키지 못하였으나, 산업의 근로자 1인당 정보기술 자본의 증가는 산업의 근로자 1인당 부가가치(노동 생산성) 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 또한, 미국 전자산업에서 정보기술 자본의 증가는 근로자 수를 감소시키는 결과를 보이고 있다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines the impact of labor market regulations on FDI and the production of foreign firms. Design/methodology - We use an index of employment protection along with data on the FDI and production of foreign affiliates that are provided by the OECD. Findings - The empirical results show that strict employment protection discourages both the production and initial entry of foreign firms, with its impact on production being larger than that on the initial entry decision. The result is robust to various specifications in which instrumental variable estimations are used by applying a unionization rate and a severance pay for redundancy dismissal as instruments, respectively. Therefore, policymakers should not limit their focus to tax incentives, cash grants, and relaxation of market regulations, but they should also extend their attention to labor market deregulation and decreasing non-wage cost to attract more foreign firms into their countries. Originality/value - This paper attempts to answer the question on the impact of employment protection rules on the foreign firm's decisions regarding production as well as initial entry.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of emotional labor and to identify affecting factors on emotional labor among one university hospital employees. Material and Method : This study was based on cross-sectional, self-administered, and Internet-based survey. The survey was conducted from Mar. 2 to Mar. 28. 2011. Total subjects were 812 employees working in one university hospital. Total response rate was 61.5%. Modified evaluation tool was used, which was originally developed by Morris and Feldman, to measure the level of emotional labor among hospital personnel. In order to identify the affecting factors on high level of emotional labor, we conducted logistic regression. The SPSS statistical software package was used to perform the statistical analysis. All statistical tests were 2-sided and a p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results : Average score of emotional labor was 3.06. Employees(3.39) who are working at the emergency department and hemodialysis room indicated the highest level of emotional labor, followed by wards(3.14), department of administration(3.14), department of ambulatory cares(3.06). The factors affecting on the high level of emotional labor were the highest level of schooling, types of department, and types of personality(p<0.05). Conclusion : The survey results showed that there was significant level of emotional labors among hospital employees. Therefore, the efforts to reduce the level of emotional labors are needed.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.968-973
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the reality of labor and capital productivity in the construction industry through an industry-level approach and to analyze the relationship between labor and capital productivity using a Cobb-Douglas production function. According to the research results, the construction industry has shown a very high capital productivity, while labor productivity has kept up a low level during the 1980s and 1990s. The reason was because of the lack of skillful construction workers and the decrease of capital. Meanwhile, the construction productivity has greatly increased since 2000 when there was no change in wages. This was because of a large inflow of low-wage foreign workers while the amount of value added has dramatically increased due to the liberalized sale price of apartment buildings. According to the analysis by the Cobb-Douglas production function, the elasticity coefficient of V/L to K/L in the construction industry had decreased from 1.1663 in the 1^st period(1971-1988) to 0.4465 in the 2^nd period(1989-1997), and to 0.1664 in the 3^rd period(1998-2003). Such a result means that the allocation of labor has gradually increased while the allocation of capital has decreased. Moreover there was a big increase in allocation of labor after 1998 due to the excessive deterioration of capital. In conclusion, in order to raise the construction productivity and to avoid labor-intensive production methods, investment for capital should be more increased. In particular, new machinery and equipment that can actually substitute human labor in construction sites should be more developed and applied to construction sites.

• Architectural research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to clarify the reality of labor and capital productivity in the construction industry through an industry-level approach and to analyze the relationship between labor and capital productivity using a Cobb-Douglas production function. According to the research results, the construction industry has shown a very high capital productivity, while labor productivity has kept up a low level during the 1980s and 1990s. The reason was because of the lack of skillful construction workers and the decrease of capital. Meanwhile, the construction productivity has greatly increased since 2000 when there was no change in wages. This was because of a large inflow of low-wage foreign workers while the amount of value added has dramatically increased due to the liberalized sale price of apartment buildings. According to the analysis by the Cobb-Douglas production function, the elasticity coefficient of V/L to K/L in the construction industry had decreased from 1.1663 in the $1^{st}$ period(1971-1988) to 0.4465 in the $2^{nd}$ period(1989-1997), and to 0.1664 in the $3^{rd}$ period(1998-2003). Such a result means that the allocation of labor has gradually increased while the allocation of capital has decreased. Moreover there was a big increase in allocation of labor after 1998 due to the excessive deterioration of capital. In conclusion, in order to raise the construction productivity and to avoid labor-intensive production methods, investment for capital should be more increased. In particular, new machinery and equipment that can actually substitute human labor in construction sites should be more developed and applied to construction sites.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.705-717
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 중등 과학교사의 감정노동의 실태를 파악하고자 감정표현규칙, 감정노동 유형, 감정노동 사례, 과학 특정 감정표현규칙에 대해서 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중등 과학교사를 대상으로 '과학교사 감정노동 설문지(TELSTS)'를 개발하여 145명의 설문응답 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중등 과학교사들은 학교현장에서 과학교사로서 요구되거나 기대되는 감정표현규칙이 있다는 것에 동의하였으며, 특히 긍정적 감정표현규칙을 더 잘 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 중등과학교사들은 자신들이 인식한 감정표현규칙을 지키기 위해 감정노동을 수행하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 내면행위에 대한 응답 평균값이 높았다. 집단별 차이를 보면 정교사 여부와 교직경력에 따라서 감정노동에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 과학교사의 특수성을 분석한 결과, 주로 실험지도와 과학의 객관적, 논리적 이미지와 관련되었으며, 74%의 응답이 부정적이거나 중립적인 감정표현규칙에 해당하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과가 과학교육에 주는 시사점을 논의하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper examines how differently output and input tariffs affect domestic employment across industrial characteristics of comparative advantage such as labor quality and capital intensity. Design/methodology - The paper focuses on 453 Korean industries from 2007 to 2014 because Korea is a typical example of a natural resource-scarce open economy and experienced the transition of the export pattern from labor intensity to technology intensity during this period. Findings - The results show that input tariff reduction stimulated total employment, focusing on the early 2010s, while the effects of output tariff reduction were statistically insignificant in general. However, the stimulation effects of output tariff reduction on employment were found in comparative advantage industries with greater labor quality and capital intensity. As for input tariff reduction, its stimulation effects on employment were more prominent in comparative disadvantage industries with lower labor quality and capital intensity. Originality/value - These results provide significant implications for natural resource-scarce open economies which are experiencing the transition of the export pattern from labor intensity to technology intensity and the unequal distribution of income after trade liberalization: imported intermediate inputs has become increasing important, leading to trade effects on employment and alleviation of income inequality.