• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.10-18
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental value of green space in Seoul. Longitudinal relationships between land use patterns and $SO_2/NO_2$ have been analysed. Then the environmental and economic value of green space were examined. In this study, the following results have been found : Firstly, it was found that the amount of $SO_2$ showed the negative relations with green space but had the positive relationships with the built-up area. Which in turn can be interpreted as securing the green space could improve the $SO_2$ purification capacity. Secondly, Seoul Metropolitan green belt zones absorbed 69,728 tones of $CO_2$, 654 tones of $SO_2$ and produced 51,205 tones of O2 at the year of 1997 standpoint. This results implicate that the Seoul Metropolitan green belt zones resolve 0.2% of $CO_2$ and 2.9% of $SO_2$ production in total. Finally, the occurrence of an additional costs of 6,800 Korean Won per household was expected due to the air conditioning cost increases as the green belt areas decrease. Therefore, it is recommended to establish the alternative plans for the protection and creation of the green space in the urban areas, since those urban green space have the significant meaning as their provision of habitats for the wildlife as well as their contribution to the reduction of energy consumption.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.175-204
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• 2017

The existing innovation policies and strategies mainly focused on the influencing factors for improvement of innovation outcome. However, these strategies were not always successful in driving innovative activities that make technology innovation disseminated. In this regard, innovation ecosystems approach has recently been coming to the force to establish a successful innovation strategy. The innovation ecosystems concept describes that innovation processes are evolved through collaborative networks of economic actors. In an innovation ecosystem, different organizations collaborate for technology development and its use. They interact for value co-creation by sharing mutual resources. The organizational networks are re-organized by dynamic changes of actors' interactions, which drive innovation mechanism of the networks. Recent studies on innovation ecosystems mostly have paid attention on developing theoretical frameworks to describe dynamics of an innovation ecosystem. There have hardly been empirical tests on the theoretical ecosystem models. In this vein, we investigated dynamics of an innovation ecosystem by analyzing structural characteristics of a collaborative network among organizations which are involved in the use of innovative technologies. Particularly, we examined the longitudinal changes of the interaction patterns among the organizations. This test was performed by an analysis of structural equivalence on the network dataset transformed from the organizational interactions. This result provides a guideline for an organization in developing an innovation strategy under a systemic perspective.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 2017

For a social venture in early stage, it is very difficult to set up a strategy as it has to pursue two contradictory goals; economic value and social value. The platform strategy can be good alternative solution for social ventures as it seeks building-up connections with other businesses to co-create value despite of limited resources. A Korean social venture, JUMP! which adopted platform strategy in the early stage, and successfully applied 4 key factors of platform strategy; core competency, value creation ability, efficiency and network effect, has been able to develop sustainable growth for itself and induce innovation and growth among the participants within the platform. This study was intended to research effect of adoption and successful application of platform strategy for social ventures in the early stage of start-up and draw conclusion through case study that platform strategy works for sustainable growth of social ventures.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.907-918
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• 2015

With the pervasiveness of digital environment and expansion of new media, ICT (Information and Communication Technology) leads the role of consumer to change from a passive customer into an active co-producer. As customer participation in the fashion industry increases, this study attempts to explore the cases of customer participation as a co-producer in fashion industry through analyzing business models of companies, including Threadless, Blank label, Cut on Your Bias, Acustom Apparel, Thinkgivers. The results show that customer participation is mainly facilitated through design participation in fashion industry, with different level of participation and IT as well as different contribution target. Compared to the past, consumer’s preference is reflected through participation before the stage of production. Results indicate three main characteristics of customer participation in fashion industry. First, value co-creations using customer experiences and understanding customer needs are important. Second, active online communication among customers are critical. Third, it is important to ensure customer’s own item. From a customer perspective, participation enables them to purchase their own distinctive product and offers exciting experience and satisfaction over the production processes, and compensation can be used to increase customer participation. On the other hand, companies using customer participation can take advantage of cost reduction in product development, inventory, and marketing. Customer participation, as a win-win strategy for business and consumer, is expected to expand further in the future with the development of ICT.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 1996

Many eastern females concern themselves about the condition and the color of their skin. The purpose of the present study is to classify the skin trouble and the change of the facial color due to hormonal cycle in female. We examined the actual cricumstances by questionnaires, and made patch tests of methyl nicotinate, representing rubefacient, to estimate the epidermal penetratin rate, and measured the facial color change during the menstrual cycle period to invest the correlation factors between skin trouble due to cosmetics and facial color change. Fifty-two percent of subjects had skin trouble relating to cosmetics. One second of subjects with skin trouble due to cosmetic complained the change of sysptom by menstrual cycle. The changes of systptom were related on premenstrual period. The skin trouble developed mainly on the first trimester of the pregnancy. In patch test of methyl nicotinate, most cases showed decreased threshold of the reaction on minstruation, and other cases showed increased reactivity of the skin of menstruation. In facial color measurements, it proves in the appearance of red spot, darkness, increasing the value and turning the hue to yellowish, Also it demonstrates that premenstruation hue turn red and value level decrease. During the period, facial color turns pale and hue progress to yellow. This fact coincides with the questionnaire. We have quqntified through questionnaire, which demonstrates it has good correlation with done to the subjects among the internal environment factors hormonal cycle influences the facial color change and the skin trouble due to cosmetics. Through this paper the development of an more fragmented make-up and skin care products is required to increase the interest to females, to make true the creation of beauty.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1538-1551
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• 2021

The current drone flight plan creation creates a flight path point of two-dimensional coordinates on the map and sets an arbitrary altitude value considering the altitude of the terrain and the possible flight altitude. If the created flight path is a simple terrain such as a mountain or field, or if the user is familiar with the terrain, setting the flight altitude will not be difficult. However, for drone flight in a city where buildings are dense, a safer and more precise flight path generation method is needed. In this study, using high-precision spatial information, we construct a drone safety flight map with a 3D grid map structure and propose a flight path search algorithm based on it. The safety of the flight path is checked through the virtual drone flight simulation extracted by searching for the flight path based on the 3D grid map created by setting weights on the properties of obstacles and terrain such as buildings.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.67-78
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• 2016

Recently many countries around the world are actively promoting smart city projects to address various urban problems such as traffic congestion, housing shortage, and energy scarcity. Due to development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the development of a smart city with sustainability, convenience, and environment-friendliness was enabled through the effective control and reuse of urban resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the technical trends of IoT and present a development plan for smart city which is one of the applications of the IoT. To this end, the news articles of the Electronic Times between 2013 and 2015were analyzed using the text mining technique and smart city development cases of other countries were investigated. The analysis results revealed the close relationships of big data, cloud, platforms, and sensors with smart city. For the successful development of a smart city, first, all the interested parties in the city must work together to create new values throughout the entire process of value chain. Second, they must utilize big data and disclose public data more actively than they are doing now. This study has made academic contribution in that it has presented a big data analysis method and stimulated follow-up studies. For the practical contribution, the results of this study provided useful data for the policy making of local governments and administrative agencies for smart city development. This study may have limitations in the incorporation of the total trends because only the news articles of the Electronic Times were selected to analyze the technical trends of the IoT.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this research was to evaluate the shear bond strength of different zirconia veneering ceramics with and without liner glass materials to yttria partially-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP). Methods: Five co mmercial zirconia veneering ceramics were used in this study, E-Max(EM), Creation ZI(CR), Cercon ceram kiss(CE), Triceram(TR) and Zirkonzahn ICE(ZI). All samples were prepared according to manufacturer's instructions. Experimental industrially manufactured Y-TZP ceramic blocks(diameter: 2.7 mm; height: 13.5 mm) were used in this study. Shear bond strength between zirconia ceramic coping and zirconia veneering ceramics were evaluated by the push-shear bond test. The fracture load data were analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe's test(${\alpha}$=0.05). The fractured surfaces of zirconia core ceraimc and zirconia veneering ceramics were observed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results: The mean shear bond strengths ranged from 20 MPa ($20.12{\pm}6.34$ MPa) to 66.6 MPa ($66.62{\pm}10.01$ MPa). The Triceram(TRG) showed the highest value and Creation ZI(CR) showed the lowest value. In all groups, Zirconia liner and glass material groups was significantly higher shear bond strength than without liner(P<0.05), with the exception of Cercon ceram kiss(CE)groups. Conclusion: Zirconia bonding materials may have the advantage of improved bond strength between zirconia ceramic core and veneering ceramics.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.51-73
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• 2012

Social network services based on openness, connectedness, and mass participation are reshaping many aspects of how companies conduct business and create value for their customers. For instance, Facebook and Twitter are expected to play a pivotal role as a new communication channel through which companies-forge close relationships with their customers for co-creation of value for mutual benefits. Given the potential of social network services, it is not surprising that many companies have strategically invested in social network services to reach out to customers. Despite the growing interest in social network services as a platform to connect companies and their customers, few guidelines exist about how managers can effectively utilize social network services in forging relationships with their customers. As such, scholars should pay greater attention to how firms can successfully develop relationships with their customers on social network services. In particular, this study employs the S-O-R (stimulus-organism-response) framework as a theoretical lens to develop a research model that explains customers' participation in the value co-creation platform that companies opened on Twitter. According to the S-O-R framework, certain types of individuals' behaviors can be best understood based on a causal link from environmental stimulus to organism, and response. We apply the S-O-R framework to understand how ubiquitous connectivity (stimuli) can influence customers' experience (organism) with companies on Twitter, which in turn influence their participation behavior (response). Two steps have been undertaken to empirically test the research model. First, we conducted a content analysis of tweets written by customers who follow companies on Twitter. As a result, we found event/promotion participation, company support, and giving feedback as three specific types of customer participation behavior. Second, we conducted a web-based survey to test research hypotheses in the research model. Participations in the survey were solicited to customers who followed companies on Twitter. As a result, a total of 115 respondents have completed the survey. Data were analyzed using the partial least square (PLS) technique. The results of data analysis suggest that ubiquitous connectivity (stimuli) had strong positive effects on perceive usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and perceived intimacy (organism). Perceived intimacy showed positive effects on customer participation behavior (response), such as event participation, company support, and giving feedback. Perceived enjoyment was found to have strong positive effects on company support and giving feedback. On the other hand, perceived usefulness did not have significant impacts on the three types of customer participation behavior.

• Carbon letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2004

Isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber was isothermally activated in $CO_2$ atmosphere. Structural parameters of the isotropic carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The $d_{002}$ and La of the carbon fibers were measured to be 4.04 ${\AA}$ and 23.6 ${\AA}$ and those of ACFs were 4.29 ${\AA}$ and 22.7 ${\AA}$, respectively, representing less ordered through activation process. The pores in the ACFs were characterized by BET, and they showed super-high specific surface area of maximum value 3,495 $m^2/g$ from average pore size of 8.3 ${\AA}$ at 59% burn-off. It was recognized that 8-9 ${\AA}$ was optimum range of pore size for efficient creation of high specific surface area. The average size of the pores formed at higher temperature ($1100^{\circ}C$) was larger than that of the pores formed at lower temperature ($900^{\circ}C$).