• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristic of urban heat island intensity in urban area formed at a basin. Thermal environments for basin-type cities are influenced by significant topographic relief winds. In this study, we analyzed the diurnal variations of the heat island intensity according to meteorological condition and season using AWS(Automatic Weather observation System) data in Daegu Metropolitan area for 1 year(3/April, 2003 $\sim$ 2/April, 2004). In this study, we defined the urban heat island intensity as the air temperature difference between two points, the downtown and the suburban area. The suburban area is located at valley mouth around the western tip of Daegu. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The maximum heat island intensity was recorded at early morning under the meteorological conditions, calm and clear 2. The heat island intensity was strong in the order of winter, fall, spring and summer. 3. The heat island intensity came out minus values in the afternoon. This phenomenon is known as a com mon for basin-type cities. 4. The heat island intensity was twice or more in clear and calm than not so.

• 대기
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2005

This study was conducted to estimate how vertically high and horizontally long a sea breeze occurred around Gangneung of the Korean peninsula would be reached to an inland. Geographically, gangneung is located on the center of the east coast shaping an arc, and a coastal line around gangneung has a form extending northwestward and southeastward, respectively. Therefore, an inflow of the northerly has similar effects of the sea breeze since a deep valley of Daegwallyeong, which is one of main ridges of the Taebaek mountains, not only reaches northeastward up to this region but also plays the part of the steering gear changing a wind direction from northerly to easterly, this is, the wind from sea. First of all, the study had defined the sea breeze as a wind blown from NNE to ESE, clockwise. And then, we analyzed characteristics of the sea breeze occurred around gangneung in view of the maximum wind speed and the wind direction for October 1st, 2003 through September 30th, 2004, the upper air database for May through June of 2004, and the wind vector database of AWS (Automatic Weather System). All meteorological information is collected at the weather station of gangneung and by the AWS which is being scattered around this region. Finally, the study figures out that how horizontally long a sea breeze would be reached depends on a level of the easterly inflow. At the first step of the inflow of the sea breeze, the wind from NNW blows into this region by keeping up the speed $3m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and effects of the northerly are dominated with time and the wind at the inland blows out southwestward cause of the surface friction at the next step. On the other hand, there is no change of wind direction in the inflow at Daegwallyeong because a surface friction of there is smaller than around gangneung, relatively. In other word, the easterly blows toward Daegwallyeong. However, the wind speed is not higher than that of the coast around gangneung.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.381-391
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• 2007

The air quality modeling was carried out to assess the impact of air quality for large scale urban development. The site for the assessment is Multi-fuctional Administrative City which locates in Yeongi-gun, Chungcheongnam-do and estimated population in 2030 is 500,000. Two automatic weather monitoring stations were installed to monitor the meteorological variables for a year and upper air meteorological parameters were measured using radiosonde for 5 days with 4 hours interval in every season. The air quality of standard air pollutants were also measured for 5 days continuously in every season. The results of wind field analysis based on the site measurements and CALMET modeling showed that the valley and mountain winds were prevailed when the sypnotic wind was weak. It also showed that wind speed and directions were highly space-variable within the site basin. The variable wind characteristics implies that the Gaussian dispersion model such ISC3 and AERMOD are not appropriate and the unsteady-sate Lagrangian model such as CALPUFF is preferable. CALPUFF model was applied to assess air quality impact of new sources. The new sources were those for individual and group heating facilities as well as the traffic increases. The results showed that the estimated concentrations of CO and $SO_2$ pollutants by summing the impact concentration of new sources by the dispersion model and the ambient air concentrations by the site measurements were acceptable but those of PM-10 and $NO_2$ would violate ambient air quality standards at several locations due to high ambient air concentrations. It is recommended that the emission reductions near the site should be enforced to improve the ambient air quality.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.743-753
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• 2008

Gwangyang Bay is often severely confronted by photochemical pollutants due to its location and dense emissions. It is located in a basin on the south coast of the Korean peninsula and is crossed by a remarkable cluster of hills and mountains of a small horizontal scale that forms a channel. Clearly, the air flow field has a great influence on the dispersion of air pollutants. The characteristics of the wind flow patterns have an important effect on the dispersion of pollutants emitted. In these situations, the distribution of the ozone concentration is extremely complicated because of the superposition of circulations of the air flow fields, especially in complex coastal region. In this study, we examined the distribution of the high level ozone on Gwangyang Bay particularly during the episode day (for 5 years). Among these days, A high level ozone was induced by the development of a sea/land breeze local circulation system, as well as by an anabatic/catabatic flow from the mountains and valley with weakening of the synoptic wind. High level ozone distribution pattern(6 types) on Gwangyang bay is analyzed and the comparison of each pattern reveals substantial localized differences in intensity and distribution of ozone concentration from the site coherence and UPA analysis of ozone concentration. The observed VOC concentration had much difference in concentrations and daily variations between Jungdong and Samil.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.418-427
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• 2004

최근 도시기후를 고려한 도시계획이 많은 나라에서 실용화되고 있다. 도시기후의 고려는 주로 도시의 바람 길 조성이라는 개념으로 구체화되고 있다. 도시의 바람 길 조성은 주로 하계에 도시지역의 열적 쾌적성을 개선하는 것을 목표로 한다. 아울러, 과학적 조사에 근거하여 도시의 단지계획을 합리적으로 함으로써 청정한 냉기류의 도심유입을 원활히 하여 도심의 대기오염을 저감하고자 하는 것도 목적으로 한다. 이 연구에서는, 수치실험을 통하여 전형적인 난후기일을 대상으로 대구지역의 국지순환풍이 지나는 바람의 길을 조사하였다. 그리고 이 바람에 의한 대기오염의 수송도 조사하였다. 수치실험에 사용한 모형은 RAMS(지역규모 대기모델)이다. 수치실험의 관심지역은 대구광역시 일대(약900$km^2$)이다. 수평규모는 약 30km이다. 수치실험은 일반풍이 약하고 쾌청한 일기조건을 갖는 늦봄의 기상조건 하에서 수행되었다. 수치실험의 결과 다음과 같은 3가지 결과를 얻었다: (1) 대구의 대표적 산지인 팔공산과 앞산에서 야간에 산정에서 복사냉각으로 생성된 국지풍이 지나는 길을 발견할 수 있었다. 그 바람은 대구의 동쪽 지역에서 중력류의 형태로 계곡을 따라서 흘러내렸다. (2) 평지에서는, 그 바람이 대구의 중심지를 지나 서쪽으로 흘러갔다. (3) 그 결과로, 대기오염물질은 야간에 국지풍에 의해 서쪽지역으로 수송되어졌다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.521-530
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대전의 대규모 공동주택단지의 하나인 대덕테크노 밸리의 계절별 주풍향 및 풍속, 건물배치, 환기구 위치 등 다양한 외부 유동 변수에 따른 실내 환기 특성을 수치 해석적 방법을 활용하여 연구함으로써 실내 공기질 향상에 일조하기 위해 연구를 수행하였다. 계절별 주풍향은 여름과 겨울에 큰 차이를 나타냈는데, 여름철의 경우 주풍향은 남풍이며, 겨울철의 경우 주풍향은 10년 평균 주풍향과 동일한 북북서풍으로 나타났다. 풍향이 변화함에 따라 최대 압력차가 나타나는 단지도 변화하였으며 그에 따라 환기에도 차이를 나타냈다. 내부 환기량은 환기 우수지역의 경우는 자연환기만으로 기준치인 시간당 0.7ACH를 만족하였으나 환기 취약지역의 경우는 자연환기만으로는 기준치를 만족시키지 못하여 부수적으로 기계 환기를 병행해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 외부유동 변화에 따른 내부 환기량의 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 아파트의 배치나 환기구 위치 선정에 응용한다면 환기량 확보에 일조하여 기계환기에만 의존하지 않고 자연환기와 병행이 가능하므로 에너지 절감에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2018

Background: The leaf temperature ($T_{LEAF}$) is one of the most important physical parameters governing water and carbon flux, including evapotranspiration, photosynthesis and respiration. Cnidium officinale is one of the important folk medicines for counteracting a variety of diseases, and is particularly used as a traditional medicinal crop in the treatment of female genital inflammatory diseases. In this study, we developed a model to estimate $T_{Leaf}$ of Cnidium officinale Makino based on black globe temperature ($T_{BGT}$). Methods and Results: This study was performed from April to July 2018 in field characterized by a valley and alluvial fan topography. Databases of $T_{LEAF}$ were curated by infrared thermometry, along with meteorological instruments, including a thermometer, a pyranometer, and an anemometer. Linear regression analysis and Student's t-test were performed to evaluate the performance of the model and significance of the parameters. The correlation coefficient between observed $T_{LEAF}$ and calculated $T_{BGT}$ obtained using an equation, developed to predict $T_{LEAF}$ based on $T_{BGT}$ was very high ($r^2=0.9500$, p < 0.0001). There was a positive relationship between $T_{BGT}$ and solar radiation ($r^2=0.8556$, p < 0.0001), but a negative relationship between $T_{BGT}$ and wind speed ($r^2=0.9707$, p < 0.0001). These results imply that heat exchange in leaves seems to be mainly controlled by solar radiation and wind speed. The correlation coefficient between actual and estimated $T_{BGT}$ was 0.9710 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The developed model can be used to accurately estimate the $T_{Leaf}$ of Cnidium officinale Makino and has the potential to become a practical alternative to assessing cold and heat stress.

• 기술사
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1983

The Dangri Crushed Stone Quarry is located in Dangridong, Busan City, and around the estuary of the Nagdong River. The quarry is considered to be a very promised one in the urban area from the standpoints of the assessment of the aggregate rank, the environmental impacts and the transportation distance. The crushed stones for aggregate of the quarry marks the higher rank in the gravity, the absorption ratio, the abrasion ratio, and the stability in comparison with the JISA 5005. The basement vibrations of the residential section in the vicinity of the quarry, which are arised by the millisecond blasting at the quarry site using the gelatin dynamites less than 39kg in weight, are measured to assess the vibration nuisance. The values of acceleration and the magnitudes are less than eight gals and O on the Richter scale respectively, the vibration nuisance thus can be ignored in such scales of the experiments. The traffic vibrations of the residential section are slightly susceptible. In the experiments, the traffic vibrations appears to be sensibler to the basement than the explosion vibration. The explosion noises in the experiments are not checked not only on the RION Sound Level Meter but also to our ears. The values of traffic noises also are in the safety values of the noise nuisance. The crush dust suspends in the air toward the upper valley in the opposite side of the residential area because of the influences of the sea breeze and the valley wind in the daytime, and the monsoon and the topographic disposition. the dust nuisance thus would not be remained in problem. The quarry is operated in the daytime only. The traffic dust in the residential area will be reduced by the faultless pavement and the careful driving. The elaborate survey on the ridges and peaks surrounded the quarry is recommended to prevent in advance the accidents of the rock slide. Moreover, it is required to make an advisory committee to develop the industry and to save the techniques. The most important matter is the accomodation between the attitude of the enterprising man for the social responsibility to the public nuisance and the cooperative spirit of the inhabitants for the industry.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2005

2000년 4월부터 2003년 9월까지 광릉 산림 소유역의 플럭스 타워를 중심으로 관측된 미기후 자료(바람, 복사, 여섯 높이의 기온과 습도의 연직분포, 토양 및 나무 온도, 강수와 토양 수분)를 분석하였다. 지형의 영향으로 낮에는 상대적으로 강한 동풍이, 밤에는 약한 서풍인 산곡풍이 지배적이고 풍향의 빈도는 서풍이 두 배정도 많다. 하향 단파 복사는 여름 몬순으로 인해 5월에 가장 크고, 생육기간의 알베도는 0.12-0.16 이며 순복사는 -100～800Wm/sup-2/의 범위를 갖는다. 29m 에서 관측된 월 평균 최고 및 최저 기온(수증기압)은 각각 7-8월에 약 25℃(～25mb), 12-1월에 -6.0℃ (～3mb)이다. 기온과 수증기압의 연직분포는 식생의 계 절변화에 따라 변화한다. 월 평균 포차의 경우, 지면에서 가장 작고(< 8mb), 봄에 가장 크고 겨울에 가장 작다. 월 평균 토양 온도는 0-20℃의 범위를 보이고, 8월에 최대값이 나타난다. 월 평균 나무 온도는 -5.8～21.6℃이며, 그 변화는 월 평균 기온과 잘 일치한다. 연 강수량은 큰 경년 변동을 보이며, 7-8월의 강수량이 년 강수량의 > 60%를 차지한다. 토양수분은 관측장소에 따라 다른 연직분포를 보이며, 강수와 관련하여 물의 수평이동이 중요할 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.30-47
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• 2022

본 연구는 경상남도 창원시 도시지역을 대상으로 공간유형에 따른 찬공기 유동 특성을 분석하였다. 공간유형은 창원시 도시생태현황지도의 토지이용현황도와 건물 정보, 지형 특성을 활용하여 군집분석을 통해 분류하였다. 찬공기 유동은 KLAM_21 모델링을 활용하여 시간의 경과에 따른 찬공기 양과 풍속으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 공간유형은 건물의 밀집도와 높이, 토지이용 유형, 그리고 지형 특성인 평지, 계곡, 능선, 경사지가 고려되어 총 14개 유형으로 분류되었다. 찬공기 유동은 도시 외곽의 산림지역 계곡부에서 찬공기가 생성되어 도로와 평지를 통해 이동하여 저지대인 창원국가산업단지에 축적되기 시작하고, 이후 도시지역 전반에 찬공기가 확산되는 것으로 나타났다. 건물이 높은 지역은 찬공기의 유동이 많았고, 경사지와 능선부는 찬공기 축적이 적어 유동량이 상대적으로 작았다. 본 연구결과는 건물 밀집도와 토지이용 유형, 지형 형태에 따른 찬공기 유동 특성 파악이 가능하였고, 이는 도시지역의 기후 완화 및 대기질 개선을 위한 도시 바람길 조성의 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 것이다.