• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.139.1-139.1
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• 2013

Graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have been modified with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) to develop high performance catalysts for the Sonogashira cross coupling reaction. To understand catalytic performance of Pd NPs on graphene (Pd/G) and Pd NPs on GO (Pd/GO), we monitored their morphological and electronic structural changes before/after Sonogashira reaction using FT-IR, XRD, XPS, and XAFS. Here, we demonstrate that both Pd/G and Pd/GO show high catalytic efficiency toward the Sonogashira reaction, but only Pd/GO revealed excellent recyclability. The remarkable catalytic efficiency of both catalysts is attributed to the high degree of the Pd NP dispersions on supports and thus smaller Pd NPs can provide highly reactive low coordinated Pd atoms. However, we attributed the excellent recyclability of Pd/GO to the presence of oxygen functionalities on GO, which can provide nucleation sites for the detached Pd atoms during the Sonogashira reaction and prevent agglomeration of the Pd NPs since the oxygen functional groups are very reactive to mobile Pd adatoms.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.263.2-263.2
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• 2013

We report a systematic investigation of a set of macrophotoinitiators for use in polymerization-based signal amplification. To test the dependence of photopolymerization responses on the number of photoinitiators localized per molecular recognition event, we gradually increased the number of photoinitiator molecules coupled to a scaffold macromolecule. Macrophotoinitiators constructed with an average of 7 to 168 photoinitiators per polymer with the goals of quantifying the relationship between the number of initiators per binding event and the degree of amplified colorimetric readout. To evaluate the capacity of the macrophotoinitiators to detect molecular recognition, neutravidin was coupled to these molecules to recognize biotin-labeled DNA immobilized on biochip test surfaces. Fluorescein macroinitiators are found to be useful in detecting molecular recognition above a threshold of initiators per polymer. Above this threshold, increasing the number of initiators per macroinitiator resulted in increased signal strength.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1985

By using the hollow shaft with $0.5^{\circ}$ internal taper, ball valve and rubber packing, charging the working fluid at engineering vacuum degree (vacuum pressure higher than 1 torr) and carrying out experiments, it was investigated the performance of rotating heat pipe with variant operating conditions. In this experiment, it was shown that it is impossible the internal liquid flow was laminar film flow which agree with the assumption of present theoretical analyses, but the internal vorticity makes the heat transfer increase and for the maximum heat transfer there is optimal mass loading for the given heat pipe geometry and operational conditions.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1987

Strain gauge로 식품(食品)의 감압건조과정중(減壓乾燥過程中) 압력(壓力)과 수분감소량(水分減少量)을 계측(計測)할 수 있는 감응소자를 제작(製作)하고 이를 Apple II마이크로 컴퓨터에 접속(接續)하여 마이크로컴퓨터 감압건조(減壓乾燥)시스템을 제작(製作)하였다. 부르돈관 표면에 strain gauge를 접착하여 제작한 감압계측(減壓計測)단자의 출력(出力)값은 디지탈화시킨 후 MC 6821 접속 I.C. chip을 통하여 마이크로컴퓨터에 입력(入力)시켰다. 컴퓨터 입력값(D)과 감압실(減壓室)의 압력(壓力)(P,mmHg)과의 관계는 P=-146.136+3.620D(r=0.994)이었다. 감압건조실(減壓乾燥室)의 압력은 컴퓨터 프로그램에 의하여 $400{\sim}600mmHg$의 범위에서 30mmHg의 오차(誤差)로 제어(制御)할 수 있었다. 건조시료(乾燥試料)의 무게(W, g)와 load cell을 통한 컴퓨터 디지 털출력값(D)과의 관계는 W=-14.000十0.585D (r=0.9998)이었다. $64^{\circ}C,\;400{\sim}600mmHg$하에서 풋고추의 건조곡선(乾燥曲線)은 완숙고추의 상압건조곡선(常壓乾燥曲線)과 비슷하였으며 형태(形態)에 따른 건조속도(乾燥速度)의 변화(變化)는 상이하였고 진공도(眞空度)에도 영향을 받았다. 풋고추의 감압건조중(減壓乾燥中) 수분이동(水分移動)은 Page model을 따랐으며 그 관계식(關係式)은 원형(原型) 풋고추의 경우 $M-M_e/M_o-M_e={\exp}(-0.0673{\theta}^{1.177})$이었고 반절(半切)풋고추의 경우 $M-M_e/M_o-M_e={\exp}(-0.0655{\theta}^{1.477})$이었다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.105-110
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• 2001

Autoclave curing using the vacuum bagging method is widely used for the manufacture of advanced composite prepreg airframe structures. Due to increasing use of advanced composites, specific techniques have been developed to repair damaged composite structures. In order to repair the damaged part, it is required that the damaged areas be removed, such as skin and/or honeycomb core, by utilizing the proper method and then repairing the area by laying up prepreg (and core) then curing under vacuum using the vacuum bagging materials. It shall be cured either in an oven or autoclave per the original specification requirements. Delamination can be observed in the sound areas during and/or after a couple times exposure to the elevated curing temperature due to the repeated repair condition. This study was conducted for checking the degree of degradation of properties of the cured parts and delamination between skin prepreg and honeycomb core. Specimens with glass honeycomb sandwich construction and glass/epoxy prepreg were prepared. The specimens were cured 1 to 5 times at $260^{circ}F$ in an autoclave and each additionally exposed 50, 100 and 150 hours in the $260^{circ}F$ oven. Each specimen was tested for tensile strength, compressive strength, flatwise tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength. To monitor the characteristics of the resin itself, the cured resin was tested using DMA and DSC. As a results, the decrease of Tg value were observed in the specific specimen which is exposed over 50 hrs at $260^{circ}F$. This means the change or degradative of resin properties is also related to the decrease of flatwise tensile properties. Accordingly, minimal exposure on the curing temperature is recommended for parts in order to prevent the delation and maintain the better condition.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

KSTAR in-vessel cryo-pump has been installed in the vacuum vessel top and bottom side with up-down symmetry for the better plasma density control in the D-shape H-mode. The cryogenic helium lines of the in-vessel cryo-pump are located at the vertical positions from the vacuum vessel torus center 2,000 mm. The inductive electrical potential has been optimized to reduce risk of electrical breakdown during plasma disruption. In-vessel cryo-pump consists of three parts of coaxial circular shape components; cryo-panel, thermal shield and particle shield. The cryo-panel is cooled down to below 4.5 K. The cryo-panel and thermal shields were made by Inconel 625 tube for higher mechanical strength. The thermal shields and their cooling tubes were annealed in air environment to improve the thermal radiation emissivity on the surface. Surface of cryo-panel was electro-polished to minimize the thermal radiation heat load. The in-vessel cryo-pump was pre-assembled on a test bed in 180 degree segment base. The leak test was carried out after the thermal shock between room temperature to $LN_2$ one before installing them into vacuum vessel. Two segments were welded together in the vacuum vessel and final leak test was performed after the thermal shock. Commissioning of the in-vessel cryo-pump was carried out using a temporary liquid helium supply system.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.139.2-139.2
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• 2016

Electrons and phonons in chalcogenide-based materials play are important factors in the performance of an optical data storage media and thermoelectric devices. However, the fundamental kinetics of carriers in chalcogenide materials remains controversial, and active debate continues over the mechanism responsible for carrier relaxation. In this study, we investigated ultrafast carrier dynamics in an multilayered $\{Sb(3{\AA})/Te(9{\AA})\}n$ thin film during the transition from the amorphous to the crystalline phase using optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy (OPTP), which permits the relationship between structural phase transition and optical property transitions to be examined. Using THz-TDS, we demonstrated that optical conductance and carrier concentration change as a function of annealing temperature with a contact-free optical technique. Moreover, we observed that the topological surface state (TSS) affects the degree of enhancement of carrier lifetime, which is closely related to the degree of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The combination of an optical technique and a proposed carrier relaxation mechanism provides a powerful tool for monitoring TSS and SOC. Consequently, the response of the amorphous phase is dominated by an electron-phonon coupling effect, while that of the crystalline structure is controlled by a Dirac surface state and SOC effects. These results are important for understanding the fundamental physics of phase change materials and for optimizing and designing materials with better performance in optoelectronic devices.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2009

본 논문의 목적은 진공증착법을 이용한 $\beta$-PVDF($\beta$-Polyvinylidene fluoride) 유기 박막의 제조와 제조된 유기 박막의 초음파 응답 특성을 연구하는데 있다. 진공 증착은 증발원 온도 $270^{\circ}C$, 인가 전계 142.4kV/cm, 진공도 $2.0{\times}10^{-5}Torr$에서 실시하였다. 기판온도의 증가에 따라서 결정화도는 47%에서 67.8%로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 초음파 응답특성에서 거리를 1cm에서 100cm로 변화시켰을 경우, 출력전압은 0.615V에서 0.4V로 감소하였다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2004

TaN막 위에 magnetron sputtering으로 증착 시킨 Cu seed 막을 Cu 전해도금을 하기에 앞서 ECR plasma 장치로 전처리 세정하였다. 이때 Cu 막을 200∼$500^{\circ}C$로 변화시키면서 알곤 또는 질소 분위기에서 RTA(rapid themal annealing) 방법으로 열처리하였다. Cu seed 막 위에 전해도금법으로 형성한 Cu 막을 열처리했을 때 미세구조와 물리적 특성변화를 XRD(x-ray diffraction), EBSD(electron back-scattered diffraction), AFM(atomic force microscopy) 분석을 이용하여 조사하였다. $400^{\circ}C$보다 높은 온도에서 재결정이 일어났으며, 열처리 온도를 증가함에 따라 Cu막의 비저항이 감소하고 (111) 우선배향성이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 최소의 비저항과 부드러운 표면 및 (111) 배향성이 뛰어난 Cu막을 얻기 위한 최적의 열처리 조건은 $400^{\circ}C$의 질소분위기에서 120초간 RTA처리를 하는 것으로 판단된다. 이 조건하에서 전해도금된 Cu막의 비저항(resistivity)과 표면 거칠기(surface roughness)는 각각 1.98$\mu$O-cm 및 17.77nm였다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2009

패키지 기판의 지름 $100{\mu}m$ 이하 미세 드릴 구멍의 경우 습식 디스미어 공정만으로는 구멍 내부의 스미어를 효과적으로 제거할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 습식 디스미어 공정의 이전 단계에서 대기압 플라즈마를 처리하여 소수성의 기판 표면을 친수성으로 개질하고자 하였다. 대기압 플라즈마 공정은 리모트 DBD 방식의 전극을 이용하여 패키지 제조 공정에 적합한 인라인 형태의 장비로 구성되었다. 대기압 플라즈마를 처리한 결과 접촉각 기준으로 $71^{\circ}$의 소수성 절연 필름 표면이 $30^{\circ}$ 정도의 친수성 표면으로 개질되었다. 대기압 플라즈마 처리 유무에 따른 습식 디스미어 공정의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 절연 필름의 두께, 드릴 구멍 지름, 표면 조도의 변화를 측정하였는데, 대기압 플라즈마 처리 시 기판 전면에서 공정 특성의 균일도가 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 대기압 플라즈마 처리 유무에 따른 드릴 구멍의 SEM 사진 분석 결과 대기압 플라즈마 처리 시 구멍 내부의 스미어가 효과적으로 제거됨을 실험적으로 확인하였다.