• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2014

This study was performed to determine the effects of drying methods on the quality and physiological activities of blueberry. Blueberries(Vaccinium ashei) were dried by hot-air ($60^{\circ}C$), cyclic low pressure ($50^{\circ}C$), and freeze drying methods. They contained high properties of carbohydrates(68.48~80.00%), crude protein(1.63~5.41%), crude fat(0.58~1.25%), and ash(0.71~1.11%) regardless of the drying methods. There were no differences in pH according to the drying methods. Browning index increased as the drying temperature increased. The L, a values of the freeze-dried sample were higher than those of the other dried samples, whereas the b value of the cyclic low pressure dried sample was higher than that of the other samples. The free sugar contents of the hot-air sample were higher than those of the other samples. Vitamin C content of the freeze dried sample was higher than that of either the hot-air or cyclic low pressure dried sample. The contents of total polyphenols and anthocyanins were higher in the freeze dried sample. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of freeze drying sample was higher than that of either the hot-air or cyclic low pressure dried sample. The result indicated that there were no differences in product quality depending on the freeze-drying and cyclic low pressure drying methods.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.443-452
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• 1994

A phytosociological study of the forest vegetation was carried out in Mt. Chongok and Mt. Tuta from June, 1992 to August, 1993. The forest vegetation was classified into 1 order, 2 alliances, 1 suballiance and 4 communities; Vaccinium hirtum v. koreanum-Quercus monogolica community, Carex humilis v. nana-Pinus densiflora community, Sasa borealis-Carapinus laxiflora community, Plectranthus inflexus-Quercus variabilis community. Actual vegetation map was drawn in 1:25,000 scale.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-136
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• 2014

This work aims to select the potentially vulnerable plant species against climate change at alpine and subalpine belts of Mts. Sorak, Jiri, and Halla, from central, southern, southern insular high mountains of the Korean Peninsula, respectively. The selection of global warming related vulnerable plants were performed by adapting various criteria, such as flora, endemicity, rarity, floristically specific and valuable species, species composition at mountain summits, horizontal and vertical ranges of individual species, and their distributional pattern in the Korean Peninsula. Line and quadrat field surveys along the major trails from all directions at height above 1,500 meters above sea level of Mts, Sorak, Jiri and Halla were conducted each year during spring, summer, and autumn from 2010 to 2011. Based upon above mentioned eight criteria, high level of climate change related potentially vulnerable arboral plants, such as Rhododendron aureum, Taxus caespitosa, Pinus pumila, Oplopanax elatus, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Thuja koraiensis are noticed from at subalpine belt of Mt. Sorak. Species of Abies koreana, Rhododendron tschonoskii, Oplopanax elatus, Taxus cuspidata, Picea jezoensis, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii belong to climate change concerned vulnerable species at subalpine belt of Mt. Jiri. High level of climate change related species vulnerability is found at alpine and subalpine belts of Mt. Halla from Diapensia lapponica var. obovata, Salix blinii, Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Taxus cuspidata, Rhamnus taquetii, Abies koreana, Hugeria japonica, Prunus buergeriana, and Berberis amurensis var. quelpartensis. Countermeasures to save the global warming vulnerable plants in situ are required.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.845-850
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• 2014

In the present study, the effects of extracts from Korean plants on the DNA damage response in HaCaT cells exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) were investigated. The activity of cells treated for 24 hr with ethanol extracts from Vaccinium spp. (VS), and Vitis vinifera L (VV) alone was similar to that of the non-treated control, but gradually decreased at concentrations above $200{\mu}g/mL$. However, when post-incubation of UVB-exposed cells was carried out for 24 hr in medium containing VS or VV extracts, the cell activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner compared with that in the normal growth medium. The cell viability of UVB-exposed cells also increased when post-incubated in medium containing VS or VV extracts, in a concentration-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation analysis showed that post-incubation with VS or VV extracts decreased the UVB-induced apoptosis by about 10 and 13%, respectively, of that in cells post-incubated in growth medium. After 24 hr of post-incubation in medium containing VS or VV extracts, the level of CPD and 8-OHdG decreased in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Overall these results suggest that VS and VV extracts assist the survival of UVB-exposed cells, in accordance with the respective decrease in the levels of UVB-induced DNA damage.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2003

This study was executed by China along with the Tumen river, which formed border of North Korea and China. As a result 91 family, 282 genera, 363 species, 57 variety 4 species, total 424 taxa of vascular plants were identified. The examination area was include the region that had various vegetation such as upper swampy land, seashore dune, a river, a high mountain grassy plain, deciduous tree zone, evergreen coniferous forest zone. The followings are representative plants, which found in an examination area but not in South Korea. Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii, Betula playphylla, Ulmus pumila, Populus koreana, Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum, Rhododendron parvifolium, Salix brachypoda, Phacelurus latifolius, Carex gotoi, Carex capricornis, Calla palustris, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Lilium davuricum, Astragalus membranaceus, Trifolium lupinaster, Ledebourieila seselodeds, Polemonium racemosum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Linnaea borealis, Thladiantha dubia, Inula helenium, Trollius hondoensis, Hypocaeris ciliata, Aconitum kirinense, Aconitum arcuatum, Potentilla viscosa var. macrophylla. And there are 21 rare and endangered species, which Korean Forest Sevice designated, such as Aconitum koreanum, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Polygonatum stenophyllum, Drosera rotundifolia, Iris setosa, Jeffersonia dubia, Lilium davuricum, Lilium cernum, Paeonia obovata, Penthorum chinense, Phacelurus latifolius, Rosa marretii, Sparganium stoloniferum, Thymus quinquecostatus, Trillium tschonoskii, Utricularia japonica, Tripterospermum japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, etc. Especially, plants like, Acanthopanax senticosus, Jeffersonia dubia and Lillum cernum which have high values of ornamental, and medical use are in an extinction crisis. High swampy land was formed to upper stream of Tumen river. It showed representative vegitation, like Carex sp., Scirpus radirans, Eriophorum latifolium. Wetlands plant and a dune plant were mixed in down stream area of Tumen river. On a dune, seashore plants, such as Carex kobomugi, Salsola collina, Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides, Rosa rugosa, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, Phacelurus latifolius were appeared frequently.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.607-618
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• 2012

The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has known as a key pest of blueberries in the southeastern United States, Europe and Canada. It can cause considerable damage to developing flower buds and also injure vegetative growth by distorting and blackening shoot tips on blueberries. In 2010, same damage symptoms were observed on blueberries, Vaccinium spp., in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. And, D. oxycoccana was identified from the farms and it was designated as a quarantine pest in Korea. The occurrences of D. oxycoccana and its damages were investigated in the blueberry greenhouse in 2011. Nationwide survey revealed that most of the blueberry greenhouses were infected by D. oxycoccana. An environment-friendly management method for D. oxycoccana was developed by changing soil environment in the blueberry greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.701-706
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• 2014

Three highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum cvs. Bluecrop, Coville, and Northland) grown in an open field and in a rain shelter were compared to evaluate the potential benefits of rain-sheltering systems on growth and fruit quality. Shrubs grown in rain shelter flowered 5-14 days earlier and were in full bloom earlier than those in the open field. All three cultivars set fruit by nearly 90% of flowers when they were grown in the open field, but was markedly reduced when they were grown in the rain shelter, to approximately 50% for 'Bluecrop' and 'Coville'. Fruit sets ratio of 'Northland' grown in the in the rain shelter was 14.5. Fruit from greenhouse-grown 'Northland' were larger, heavier, and had more seeds per berry. Soluble sugar content (SSC) of fruits varied both with the cultivars and growing conditions. SSC of fruits grown in the greenhouse was higher in 'Bluecrop' compared to that grown in the field, but this pattern was reversed in 'Northland'. Titratable acid was significantly higher in fruits from rain shelter-grown shrubs of both 'Bluecrop' and 'Northland' than in fruits from open field-grown shrubs (P < 0.05), although there was no difference in TA with respect to growing conditions for 'Coville'. The number of seed per fruit, fruit length and diameter, weight, SSC, and TA were similar in 'Coville' shrubs grown in the open field and the rain shelter. Fruit firmness of 'Bluecrop', 'Coville', and 'Northland' was higher in the rain shelter than in the open field. 'Coville' and 'Northland' fruits harvested in the open field had higher blue chroma than those harvested in the rain shelter. However, this pattern was reversed for 'Bluecrop'. On the whole, sheltering from rain affected most fruit characteristics of the three cultivars differently. Therefore, suitable blueberry cultivars for the rain shelter should be chosen by purpose.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2012

Vaccinium oldhami Miq. is a Korean native tree, which is deciduous and shrub tree with broad leaf. It grows 1~4m in height generally. Ecologically, this tree grows well in shady place even in barren soil. Also, the tree has resistance to cold and dry, which tend to form a little community. This research investigates quantitative morphological characteristics of leaf and fruit among the V. oldhami in South Korea and then considers its relationship on the basis of raw data among the 10 populations. This study will give us invaluable information about growing conditions, reasonable management and breeding by selection of V. oldhami in South Korea. The main results obtained from this study are summarized as follows; Leaf size of Mudeung population was larger than other populations. Naebyeon population was smaller in size of the leaf than other populations. Anmyeondo population was larger in fruit characteristics compared with other populations and Deogyu population was the smallest among populations. According to cluster analysis based on the leaf and fruit morphological characteristics, the natural V. oldhami populations were classified into four groups such as the first group of Kumo population, the second group of Mudeung population, the third group of Anmyundo, Daedun, Doolyun population and the fourth group of the other five populations.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.639-640
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• 2022

A Ypsolophid moth Saridoscelis sphenias Meyrick was recorded in 2020 first in Korea, and specimens were collected from Jindo and Wando in Jeonam province from 2016 to 2017. This moth uses host plants such as Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D. Don ex G. Don, Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. and Leucothoe grayana Maxim. var oblongifolia (Miq.). This species was discovered once in a blueberry orchard in Jeju in August 2014, and since then it has been regarded as not an established species because of no further detection. However, S. sphenias was found again in blueberry orchards grown in vinyl houses in Jeju city and Seogwipo city in 2018 and 2019. Since 2020, this pest has also been found on field-grown blueberries. Hatched larvae first bored into new shoots and fed inside, and the mid-aged larvae escaped from the inside of shoots, attached several shoots with webs, and fed on the leaves in the group. It is considered that S. sphenias will become a severe pest on blueberries; thus, we report the basic life cycle here.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.145-155
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• 2015

To investigate the practicality of a small scale softwood propagation plastic film tent and the rooting promoting effect of indole-3-butyric acid(IBA) for northern highbush blueberry, softwood cuttings of 3 varieties (Duke, Elizabeth, Elliot) were made after dipping in the IBA solutions of 100ppm, 300ppm, 500ppm, 1,000ppm for 2 hour, and 3,000ppm for 20 seconds, respectively. Two-way ANOVA confirmed the significant differences in the percentage of rooting of cutting, longest root length and rooting volume index (RVI) induced by IBA treatment, as well as the percentage of rooting of cutting and RVI among examined varieties. In particular, the highly significant difference was observed in th RVI for IBA treatment. However, there was no interactions between the auxin treatments and varieties. Spontaneous rooting ability (control) depends on the varieties, showing that the lowest rooting ability was observed in the 'Duke' (45%) followed by 'Elliot'(85%) and 'Elizabeth' (90%). In addition, the rooting of the examined 3 varieties were enhanced by both of short time (20sec) dipping treatment of low level solutions, and long time (2hr) dipping treatment of high level solution, with the remarkably promoted rooting of the 'Duke' cuttings.