• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2012

A submucous cleft palate(SMCP) is characterized by a midline deficiency or lack with/without incorrect positioning of muscular tissues in the soft palate, and by a bony defect in the midline or the center of the hard palate. Velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI) related to this SMCP has been managed by various surgical and prosthetic techniques. Because the individual diagnosis and treatment of SMCP patients was not easy to the speech pathologist and to the maxillofacial reconstructive surgeons, and for the better understanding and for the ideal approaches to the SMCP patients, we reviewed several recent articles about grading system in the SMCP caused by VPI, and summarized in this review article.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.24-32
• /
• 1991

Cleft palate or velopharyngeal incompetence shows many disorders and disabilities affecting speech transmission. including distortion. substitution. and the nasalization of the vowels. The nasalized vowels are produced primarily by lowering of the velum. resulting in opening a side passage for the air flow through the nasal cavity. These abnormal movements give rise to complex modification of the physical property of the sound or in the sound spectrum. The authors employed Sonagraph$^{\circledR}$ as a sound analyzer in order to ascertain the features which characterize the nasalization of vowels. Twenty healthy Korean male adult voluteers were analyzed in artificial conditions of anterior and posterior nasal obstruction. and velo-pharyngeal incompetence. The results were as follows : 1) Fundamental frequency was not changed by nasal obstruction or velopharyngeal incompetence. 2) There was no significant difference of the formant intensity between normal and nasal vowels. 3) In VPI, a decrease of the frequency of $F_2$ was observed in /e/ and /i/ vowels(p<0.001). 4) In VPI, the $F_2$ was frequently missed in /o/ and /u/ vowels. 5) In the consonant spectra of VPI, the 'release burst' was usually not observed.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.97-108
• /
• 2012

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is improper closure of velopharynx during the phonation and swallowing due to various causes, especially appeared in cleft palate patients. The several surgical techniques and speech therapy can be considered in treatment of VPI. The surgical techniques such as Furlow's double opposing Z-plasty, pharyngeal flap, push-back palatoplasty, etc. have been widely used when the speech therapy is not so much effective. However, there is considerable variability in the methods for evaluation and in success criteria making difficult to compare among surgical techniques. This article reviewed the recent articles about comparing the surgical techniques in treatment of VPI. Although there is no significant difference in speech assessment by speech pathologist, Furlow's double opposing Z-plasty is a useful technique especially diminishing hypernasality and nasal emission.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.339-344
• /
• 2002

Poly(vinyl alcohol-b-styrene) (poly(VA-b-St)) diblock copolymer containing high syndiotactic poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was synthesized by the saponification of poly(vinyl pivalate-b-styrene) (poly(VPi-b-St)). For the block copolymer, poly(vinyl pivalate) (PVPi) with trichloromethyl end group was obtained via telomerization of vinyl pivalate with carbon tetrachloride as a telogen and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. Then resulting poly(vinyl pivalate) with trichloromethyl end group was used as an effient macroinitiator for the synthesis of poly(VPi-b-St) using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in the presence of CuCl/2,2'-bipyridine at 130 $^{\circ}C$. The poly(vinyl pivalate) macroinitiator, poly(VPi-b-St), poly(VA-b-St) were characterized by GPC, FT-IR and $^1$H-NMR. And the analysis showed that integrity of the block copolymer was maintained during saponification reaction.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.209-213
• /
• 2021

Primary palatoplasty for cleft palate places patients at high risk for scarring, altered vascularity, and persistent tension. Palatal fistulas are a challenging complication of primary palatoplasty that typically form around the hard palate-soft palate junction. Repairing palatal fistulas, particularly wide fistulas, is extremely difficult because there are not many choices for closure. However, a few techniques are commonly used to close the remaining fistula after primary palatoplasty. Herein, we report the revision of a palatal fistula using a pedicled buccal fat pad and palatal lengthening with a buccinator myomucosal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty to treat a patient with a wide palatal fistula. Tension-free closure of the palatal fistula was achieved, as well as velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) correction. This surgical method enhanced healing, minimized palatal contracture and shortening, and reduced the risk of infection. The palate healed with mucosalization at 2 weeks, and no complications were noted after 4 years of follow-up. Therefore, these flaps should be considered as an option for closure of large oronasal fistulas and VPI correction in young patients with wide palatal defects and VPI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.5-5
• /
• 1995

• Proceedings of The Korean Cleft Lip And Palate Association
• /
• 2002.02a
• /
• pp.61-63
• /
• 2002

• Proceedings of The Korean Cleft Lip And Palate Association
• /
• 2002.02a
• /
• pp.59-60
• /
• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.69-70
• /
• 1998

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2002.06b
• /
• pp.205-208
• /
• 2002

An existing ATM switch fabric uses VPI(Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI(Virtual Channel Identifier) information to route ATM cell. But AAL type 2 switch which efficiently processes delay-sensitive, low bit-rate data such as a voice routes the ATM cell by using CID(Channel Identification) field in addition to VPI and VCI. In this paper, we research the AAL type 2 switch that performs the process of CPS packet. The Receive unit extracts the CPS packet from the inputted ATM cell. The designed receive unit consists of input FIFO, r)( status table, CAM(Content Addressable Memory), new CID table and partial packet memory. Also the designed receive unit supports the PCI interface with host processor. The receive unit is implemented in Xilinx FPGA and operates at 72MHz.