• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.174-175
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.141-142
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• 1999

차량의 증가와 각종 산업분야에서의 유기용제 사용에 따른 VOC 물질의 증가는 발암성과 관련된 환경보건 및 오존의 전구물질 등 기타 복잡한 대기화학과도 긴밀하게 연루되어 있다. 또한, VOC는 공단지역에서 지역주민에게 악취를 유발시키는 있어 악취와 건강보건에 있어서 집중적인 관리가 요구된다고 하겠다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.548-549
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.243-244
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• 2001

오존(O$_3$)은 성층권에서 태양광의 직접 지구 입사를 감소시키는 반면, 일반 대기 환경에서는 강력한 산화성과 더불어 최근 NOx, VOCs와의 연계성이 점차 밝혀지면서 최근 대기질 환경에 주요관심사가 되고 있다. 또한 지난 2000년 12개 도시에 52회의 0.3ppm이상의 고농도 오존 경보 발령으로 관리에 초점이 맞춰지고 있으나, 대기환경 중에서 자외선 등에 의한 2차 생성물질인 오존은 강력한 산화성으로 인해 표준물질이 없어 정확한 측정 및 관리에 어려움을 겪고 있다. (중략)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2002

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important public health issue in Korea and many important questions remain to be addressed with respect to assessing exposure to these compounds. Because they are ubiquitous and highly volatile, special techniques must be applied in their analytic determination Valid Personal exposure assessment methods are needed to evaluate exposure frequency, duration and intensity, as well as their relationship to personal exposure characteristics. Biological monitoring is also important since it may contribute significantly in risk assessment by allowing the estimation of effective absorbed doses. This study was on ducted to establish the environmental measurement, personal dosimetry and biological monitoring methods for VOCs. These methods are needed to compare blood, urinary and exhalation breath VOC levels and to provide tools for risk assessment of VOC exposure. Passive monitors (badge type) and a active samplers (trap) for the VOCs collection were used for air sampling. Methods development included determining the minimum detectable amounts of VOCs in each media, as well as evaluating collection methods and developing analytical procedures. Method reliability was assessed by determining breakthrough volumes and comparing results between laboratories and with other methods. A total capacity of trap used in this study was 60ι. Although variable by compound, the average breakthrough was 20％. Also, there was no loss of compounds in trap even if keep for 45 day in -7$0^{\circ}C$. The recovery of active and passive methods was 69％ ~ 126％ and method detection limit was 0.24 $\mu\textrm{g}$/trap and 0.07 $\mu\textrm{g}$/badge. There was no statistical difference (P > 0.05) between active and passive methods.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.281-292
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• 1998

Ambient concentrations of gaseous, particulate phase ionic species, and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) were measured at two monitoring sites in the City of Ulsan during August 1997: one in industrial area and the other in downtown area. At each site, a three- stage filter pack sampler was used to collect fine particles and gaseous species, and air for VOC analysis was collected in stainless steel canisters. Concentrations of the ionic species at both sites were similar to each other. The VOC concentrations at the industrial site were approximately twice higher than those at the downtown site. This might be mainly due to the release of VOCs from the petrochemical industries. Daily variations of VOC concentrations at the industrial site were higher than that at the downtown site. This might be explained by the fact that emissions from industries were more irregular than those in downtown. The VOC concentrations in downtown were affected by both the local emissions and the emission from the petrochemical industries. The concentrations of selected hazardous organic components (HAPs) at the industrial site were similar to those of Yocheon industrial area but slightly higher than other cites and industrial areas, while those at the downtown site were comparable to those in other urban areas.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.332-343
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• 2007

The concentrations of major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a passive sampler in the leather industries, Shihwa and Banwol industrial complex. The leather industries were classified into four groups in raw materials and main product. The concentrations of total VOCs measured in process for ${\ulcorner}$ manufacture of reconstituted leather and special treated leather${\lrcorner}$was highest. The main VOCs measured in the leather industries was found to be toluene with a average concentration of 1,200 ppb. The major group selected in the leather industries was divided into three groups by the fingerprint analysis and the principal component analysis. The major VOCs in the groups classified by fingerprint analysis were found to be dependent on the characteristics of raw materials and main products.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.205-206
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• 2002

인체의 유해성과 더불어 오존과의 반응성으로 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 대기 환경 중에 VOCs 물질은 최근 약 10여년간 대기 환경 관리에 주요 관심 대강이었으며, 앞으로도 지속적인 노력이 이루어 질 대상이다. 이러한 VOCs는 배출원 및 그 종의 다양성, 그리고 일반적으로 수십 ppb이하의 매우 낮은 농도로 대기 환경 중에 존재하고 있어 측정 및 관리에 어려운 물질이나, 분석기술의 발달과 측정과정에 다양한 방법들이 개발됨에 따라 다양한 종류의 결과들이 발표되고 있다. 특히 이러한 폭정 결과들을 착용하여 이미 MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheets)나 각종 inventory, Database의 구축이 진행되고 있다. (중략)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.43-54
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• 1997

Species, doses and routes extrapolation can be sucessfully carried out by using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach. And PBPK approach to assess risk of hazardous chemicals is reasonable whatever the exposure scenarios are happened. Both partitioning coefficients of chemical between tissue and blood and enzymatic metabolic rate constants are key parameters to build up the PBPK model. In this study, we tried to estimate in vitro metabolic rate constants using a special apparatus instead to measure the in vivo constants which are used to PBPK simulation since the in vitro tests are less expensive and more convenient than in vivo tests. For the purpose, we designed and tested the new system to measure continuously the headspace concentration of VOC. The newly designed system is composed with a diffusion chamber which generates gaseous substrate, a reaction vessel with a recirculating pump to establish a closed system, an autbmatic sampler from a gas phase, a gas chromatography to analyze the headspace. In addition, a cold water condenser is attached between the reaction vessel and pump to reduce the content of gaseous moisture which interferes with chemical analysis. To validate the newly developed methodology, in vitro metabolic rate constants of trichloroethylene (TCE) as a prototype VOC were estimated by simulating observed results with an ACSL program. The simulated results are consistent to those estimated by the other research groups. This finding suggests that our newly designed closed system may be a useful apparatus to estimate in vitro metabolic rate constants for VOC.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.767-778
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• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate the temporal variations of VOCs at an urban site, and to compare the concentrations of VOCs at an urban site in Daegu with those at a suburban site in Gyeongsan. Three hourly VOC samples in the ambient air were collected using a sequential tube sampler (STS 25, Perkin Elmer) throughout two weeks during May and July representing spring and summer seasons, respectively. The VOC concentrations were determined by an automatic thermal desorption apparatus with GC/MS analysis. A total of 12 VOCs of environmental concern were determined, which are chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene, toluene, tetra-chloroethylene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylenes, o-xylene, styrene, 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzenes. Among 12 target VOCs, the most abundant compound appeared to be toluene, being followed by xylenes. The mean concentrations at the urbn site were 1.2 pub for benzene and 20.4 ppb for toluene (n=221) while the mean levels at the suburban site were 0.9 ppb and 4.3 ppb for benzene and toluene (n=96), respectively. The urban site concentrations were typically several-fold higher than those measured at the suburban site. It was found that general trends of VOC levels were significantly dependent on traffic conditions at the sampling site since VOC concentrations were at their maximum during rush hours, i.e. $9{\sim}12a.m$ and $6{\sim}9p.m$. Statistical investigations were conducted to investigate any significant relationships between VOC concentrations and affecting factors. Calculated correlation coefficients among VOCs were positively significant at a level of 0.05 in most cases. Increased concentrations of toluene in the urban site were estimated to reflect the effect of large industrial sources, mainly from textile industry.