• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 1998

This study was analyzed through the reports which published on the subject matter of Su Dong-Myun from 1994 to 1997 and the medical record of patient in Su-Dong Myun health subcenter. The result are as follow: 1. The number of population in Su-Dong Myun(study area) was 5,475 in 1994, 5,707 in 1995, 6,079 in 1996 and 6,253 in 1997. In composition rate of population, "65 and over" of age group only showed markedly increasing tendancy from 9.8% in l995 to 10.2% in 1997. However, the rest of all age group showed decreasing tendancy. 2. Annual utilization rate showed decreasing tendancy, such as 247 in 1994. 203 in 1995, 146 in 1996, and 140 in 1997 per 1000 population. But visiting time is increasing tendency, such as 3.1 in 1994, 2.8 in 1995. 2.4 in 1996 and 3.4 in 1997 per disease case. 3. Age specific annual utilization rate, all age showed decreasing tendancy in the age group of "0-14", "15-44" and "45-64", however showed increasing tendency in the age group of "65 and over" from 1994 to 1997. 4. The major disease were disease of Respiratory system. Gastrointestinal system. Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue. Skin and Subcutaneous tissue and Circulatory system The disease of Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissue and Circulatory system are increasing.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.50-61
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to analyse autonomic nerve function of some examinees with dysmenorrhea by comparing the characteristics of dysmenorrhea patients' Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in examinees group with non-examinees group. Methods: We studied 110 patients visiting OO Korean hospital to take medical treatment for dysmenorrhea from September, 2006 to August, 2010. The subjects were categorized in two groups, 36 examinees and 57 non-examinees controls. We investigated the difference of HRV between two groups by student's T-test using SPSS for Windows(version 12.0). Results: 1. SDNN in examinees group is statistical significantly lower than non-examinees group. RMS-SD in examinees group is lower than non-examinees group non-statistical significantly. Mean PR in examinees group is higher than non-examinees group non-statistical significantly. 2. VLF, ln TP, ln VLF and ln HF are statistically significantly lower than non-examinees group. TP, HF and ln LF are lower than non-examinees group non-statistical significantly. LF is higher than non-examinees group non-statistical significantly. Conclusions: The results suggest that stress is related to especially examinees in dysmenorrhea patients by effecting autonomic nerve function. HRV can be useful to diagnose examinees' dysmenorrhea. The further studies would be needed to study about relation between stress, dysmenorrhea and HRV for settling this.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.164-177
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analysis on the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) of some dysmenorrhoea patients. Methods : We studied 30 patients visiting Kyung Hee University East-West Neo Medical Center from 7th Febrary 2007 to 22th Febrary 2007. Women with organic disease were excluded from this study. The severity of dysmenorrhoea were measured by Multidimensional Verbal Rating scale(MVRS), Verbal Rating scale (VRS) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS). And HRV was recorded. Results : According to comparison of Means of HRV values among the groups of None, Mild and Moderate, the points of almost all values were kept by order of Moderate group-Mild group-None group. Among these, the statistically significant things are PR, SDNN, Ln (TP), Ln (VLF), Ln (LF). According to correlation analysis between dysmenorrhoea and HRV, specially, there were many correlations in VRS2. Among these, the statistically significant things are LF norm, HF norm, LF/HF ratio(p<0.05L). Conclusion : The results suggest that HRV is related to dysmenorrhoea. We may analyze that dysmenorrhoea is related to, specially, increased activities of sympathetic nerve. We need more study for settling this.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Purpose: Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) is a collection of physical, psychological and emotional symptoms related to a women's menstrual cycle. The symptoms are related with Autonomic Nervous system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activity of Autonomic Nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome(PMS) by using Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods: We studied 26 patients visiting ㅇㅇ hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. Activity of Autonomic Nervous system was assesed by means of Heart Rate Variability(HRV). The subjects were categorized in two groups, PMS group(10) and non-PMS group(16). We studied the difference of HRV between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS for windows (version 12.0). Results: SDNN of PMS group was non-significantly lower than non-PMS group. RMS-SD of PMS group was significantly lower than non-PMS group. Mean PR of PMS group was non-significantly higher than non-PMS group. TP, VLF, LF, HF norm of PMS group was non-significantly lower than non-PMS group. HF of PMS group was significantly lower than non-PMS group. LF norm, LF/HF ratio of PMS group was non-significantly higher than non-PMS group. Conclusion: The results suggest that PMS can be related to decreased activity of parasympathetic nervous system. HRV can be useful to diagnose PMS. The more studies to diagnose PMS would be needed.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.162-182
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• 1997

This study was carried out to assess the current status of hospital wage structure and to find out the characteristics and problems in the current hospital wage structure. so as to provide empirical data for establishing a rational wage structure. The data were collected from administrative personnels in charge of wage management in 31 hospitals by using a structured questionnaire through direct visiting and mailing in Pusan Metropolitan City. The major findings in this study were as follows: First, the hospital wage structure applied differently to the basic wages between doctors and the other employees. The wage structure for doctors included performance rate of 51.6%, followed by a synthesis rate of 29.0%, while the wage for the other employees had the synthesis rate of 74.2%, followed by the seniority rate of 12.9%. Second, the wage consisted of a basic wage for 57.5%. the allowance for 21.1% and monthly installed bonus for 21.4%, and the basic wage comprised 68.3% of the total wage for doctors, as compared to 51.9% for nurses and medical technicians and 52.4% for administrative and managerial personnel. The annual rate of the bonus was average 460%, and 96.8% of the hospital did not consider personnel preformance appraisal when paying the bonus. Third, 80.6% of the hospitals applied the legal rate to the retirement allowance while 19.4% applying cumulative rates more than the legal rate, and all of university hospitals applied cumulative rates. Retirement reserves were practiced only in 54.9% of the hospitals. Forth, many hospitals seemed to be interested in applying graded wage system according to performance, by showing that 42.9% of the hospitals were planning to apply it in the future, despite only 9.7% practicing it. Fifth, the wage structure appeared to be complicated due to various kinds of allowances. The kind of the allowances varied among hospitals, ranging from 2 to 26 kinds, and increased as the size of hospital was larger. Sixth, the opinions leading to improve the basic wage structure favored the seniority rate for 51.6% either to maintain the present seniority rate(16.1%) or to apply the incentive pay in addition to the senior rate(35.5%). and also favored the performance rate for 35.5%, followed by the job rate for 12.9%. In conclusion, the current hospital wage structure seemed to be too complicated to reflect personal ability, contribution and performance and to become a big barrier to inducing worker's motivation and to strengthening in competitveness. Therefore it is suggested that the current wage structure should be revised to the one emphasizing on job and ability base with considering characteristics and situation of the hospital, rather than seniority factors.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.159-165
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• 2012

Purpose: For trauma patients, an early-transport and an organized process which are not delayed in hospital stage are necessary. Our hospital developed a procedure, the trauma Critical Pathway (CP), through which a traumatic patient has the priority over other patients, which makes the diagnostic and the therapeutic processes faster than they are for other patients. Methods: The records of patients to whom Trauma CP were applied from January 1, 2011 through April 15. 2012. were reviewed. We checked several time intervals from ER visiting to decision of admission-department, to performing first CT, to applying angio-embolization, to starting emergency operation and to discharging from ER. In addition, outcomes such as duration of ICU stay, hospital stay and mortality were checked and analyzed. Results: The trauma CP was applied to a total of 143 patients, of whom, 48 patients were excluded due to pre-hospital death, ER death, transferring to other hospital and not severe injury. Thus 95 patients (male 64, 67.3%) were enrolled in this study. Fifty-nine patients(62.1%) were injured by the traffic accident. The mortality rate was 10.5% and the mean Revised Trauma Score (RTS) of the patients was $6.4{\pm}2.0$. After visiting ER, decision making for admission was completed, on average, in 3 hours 10 seconds. The mean time intervals for the first CT, angio-embolization, surgery and discharge were 1 hour 20 minutes, 5 hours 16 minutes, 7 hours 26 minutes and 6 hours 13 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: The trauma CP did not show the improvement of time interval outcome, as well as mortality rate. However, this test did show that the trauma CP might be able to reduce delays in procedures for managing trauma patients at the university-based hospitals. To find out the benefit of CP protocol, a large scaled data is required.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1863-1870
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is when the cases will be found, used as a basic data for clinical severity prediction, and research on suicide prevention. By classifying the group of survival and death about the patients who visit the Emergency Medical Center by attempt suicide by drug addiction, identifying the condition when visiting and results of the treatment after visiting. From June 2009 to May 2011, last two years data that among the drug abusers who visited the Emergency Medical Center in C-University Hospital in Gwang-Ju, only suicidal patients, except with unintentional accidents were collected. The findings, among the drug addiction patients who high age, lower level of education and living alone were the mortality rate was higher. And if who drunk the agricultural chemicals, the convalescence was not good. If the causes of suicide were economic problems and depression, the mortality rate was higher. And when visit hospital, if the consciousness was stupor and semi-coma/coma, the convalescence was not good. As grasp the risk for suicide patients of drug addiction, help on the Prediction of clinical severity, also stamp the appropriate drug education with psychological support is more important on them.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2006

Interpretive sign is a communication medium that is often used in self-guided interpretation. Understanding interpretive signs and their users is important to maximize the effectiveness of interpretation. This study evaluated design attributes of interpretive signs by visitor's personal characteristics and visiting patterns using Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA). Data were collected from August to September of 2003 at the self-guided trail in Naejangsan National Park, Korea. Visitors using the trail participated in a questionnaire survey, and a total of 276 subiects was used for data analysis. The IPA results showed that female(23.3%) than male(13.3%), low age group(43.3%) than middle(0.0%) and high age group(0.0%), higher education group(36.7%) than lower education group(0.0%), medium size group(33.3%) than large(10.0%) or small group(16.7%), 'with child' group(66.7%) than 'without child' group(20.0%) rated higher importance and lower performance on more design attributes of the interpretive signs. These groups also showed higher rate of 'Concentrate Here(CH)' attributes that require urgent improvement. The 'with child' group showed the especially high rate of 'CH' attributes. The results suggest that interpretive signs need to be designed considering diverse user groups. It is also necessary to develop some standardized items of the sign design attributes for more efficient and reliable implementation of IPA and other evaluative works.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.123-130
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• 2023

As part of the research on cultural factors that determine international tourism demand, this study was conducted based on regional interest and the need for understanding religion. The purpose of this study is to empirically test how religious factors affect tourism demand in Korea to find out that religious factors are important considerations in establishing tourism policies and strategies. To achieve the purpose of this study, the research target areas were selected as Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines, which have relatively many tourists visiting Korea among Southeast Asian countries and are well known for their religious characteristics. GDP and nominal exchange rate, which are economic factors, were selected as explanatory variables. And religious diversity was selected as a characteristic factor variable of the tourism demand model based on the characteristic theory. An empirical analysis was conducted through a gravity model. As a result of the estimation, it was found that GDP has a positive effect on tourism demand in Korea. Nominal exchange rate variables and religious diversity variables were found to have a negative effect on tourism demand in Korea. We have confirmed that religion is an important factor in choosing tourist destinations for Filipino, Thai, and Malaysian tourists visiting Korea, and they choose religiously similar destinations.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

Purposes: There have been many efforts to improve the service of emergency centers. In spite of these, no evidence is showing any landmark advancement of emergency services, especially in the hospital stage, exists. We need some efficient standard criteria to evaluate emergency service in the hospital stage, and a useful method might utilize the overcrowding index. We want to know the change in the overcrowding index at a regional emergency center after injury area administration. Injury area means an area in which only an assigned duty physician manages patients with injuries such as those from traffic accidents, falls, assualts, collisions, lacerations, amputations, bums, intoxication, asphyxia, drowning, animal bites, sexual assualts, etc. Methods: We started to operate an injury area in our emergency department from late 2004, and from January to June in 2004 and in 2005, we collected patients' data, age, sex, assigned department, and result from hospital order communication system to figure out overcrowding indices and result indices. We found the daily number of patients, the turnover rate, the admission rate, the ICU admission rate, the emergency operation rate, the ED stay duration, and the ED patient volume to be overcrowding indices. Also we found the withdrawal rate, the transfer rate, and mortality to be result indices. We compared these indices between 2004 to 2005 by using a t-test. Results: There was a significant increase in the daily number of visiting patients in 2005, overcrowding indices, such as the turnover rate, the admission rate, the ICU admission rate, and the emergency operation rate, also showed statistically significant increases in 2005 (P<0.001). As for the result indices, there was a noticeable decrease in the number of withdrawals (11.77/day in 2004 to 4.53/day in 2005). Conclusion: Operating an injury area in a mildly overcrowded local emergency center is beneficial. Evaluating the effect of operating an injury area and it's impact on hospital finances by conducting a similar study analyziing patients for a longer duration would be valuable.