• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제5호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1995

Frank Lloyd Wright, a master of the 20th Century Ar-chitecture, contributed tremendously in creating a wholly new form of American architecture called Prairie Style. His idea behind the development of the building structur-al system, organic relationships between inner and outer space, horizontal vertical lines, and idea of extending and expanding interior spaces came from nature. He had completed over 390 projects throughout his life and 90% of those projects were residential design. The most typical characteristic shared by many of his residential design was that each design element, whether it is functional or aesthetical, has close relationship to or-ganic nature, human scale, theoretical floor plants, and maximum emphasis on horizontal lines in respect to na-ture. His concept of "flow of spaces" reformed common the-ory of room next to room in a enclosed space. His sense of "wall" was no longer the side of a box. Careful selec-tion of finishing materials, colors, and natural images en-hance the design as well. F.L. Wright was an artist, designer, and architect who believed the exterior space should have direct relationship to the interior space. His architectural philosophy was not only to design exterior of architecture but also to ful-fill his space through the careful development of interior elements such as furniture, and lighting fixture. Even the patterns for leaded glass windows were designed to have unified appearance from outside to inside of the house. The objective of this study was to analyze floor plans, spatial organizations, and interior design elements of the houses which represent the best of F.L. Wright's design principles and philosophy behind Prairie Style. The meth-od used to collect informations for this study was based on books, articles, journals, and actual site visits. actual site visits.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2024

A newly developed line-style sand pluviator has been calibrated to prepare repeatable sand specimens of specific statuses of compactness and homogeneity for laboratory tests. Sand is falling via a bottom slot of a fixed hopper, and by moving the sample container under the slot, the container is evenly filled with sand. The pluviator is designed with high flexibility: The falling height of sand, the hopper's opening width and the relative moving speed between the hopper and the sample box can be easily adjusted. By changing these control factors, sand specimens of a wide range of densities can be prepared. A series of specimen preparation was performed using the coarse Merwede River sand. Performance of the pluviator was systematically evaluated by exploring the alteration of achievable density, as well as checking the homogeneity and fabric of the prepared samples by CT scanning. It was found that the density of prepared coarse sand samples has monotonic correlations with none of the three control factors. Furthermore, CT scanning results suggested that the prepared samples exhibited excellent homogeneity in the horizontal direction but periodical alteration of density in the vertical direction. Based on these calibration test results, a preliminary hypothesis is proposed to describe the general working principles of this type of pluviators a priori, illustrating the mechanisms dominating the non-monotonic correlations between control factors and the relative density as well as the vertically prevalent heterogeneity of specimens. Accordingly, practical recommendations are made in a unified framework in order to lessen the load of similar calibration work.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of a horizontal sundial from the Joseon Dynasty were investigated. Korea's Treasure No. 840 (T840) is a Western-style horizontal sundial where hour-lines and solar-term-lines are engraved. The inscription of this sundial indicates that the latitude (altitude of the north celestial pole) is $37^{\circ}$ 39', but the gnomon is lost. In the present study, the latitude of the sundial and the length of the gnomon were estimated based only on the hour-lines and solar-term-lines of the horizontal sundial. When statistically calculated from the convergent point obtained by extending the hour-lines, the latitude of this sundial was $37^{\circ}$ $15^{\prime}{\pm}26^{\prime}$, which showed a 24' difference from the record of the inscription. When it was also assumed that a convergent point is changeable, the estimation of the sundial's latitude was found to be sensitive to the variation of this point. This study found that T840 used a vertical gnomon, that is, perpendicular to the horizontal plane, rather than an inclined triangular gnomon, and a horn-shaped mark like a vertical gnomon is cut on its surface. The length of the gnomon engraved on the artifact was 43.1 mm, and in the present study was statistically calculated as $43.7{\pm}0.7mm$. In addition, the position of the gnomon according to the original inscription and our calculation showed an error of 0.3 mm.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.762-779
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mediterranean diet is an environmentally friendly and healthy diet model. The diet offers many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and olive oil to consumers. In addition, it provides moderate amounts of fish and chicken, smaller quantities of dairy products, red meat, and processed meat. The Mediterranean diet has a high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant content, and it causes many physiological changes that can provide a physical performance advantage. This study examined the effects of a 15-day menu, which was planned using foods with a low acid load within the Mediterranean diet rules, on the exercise performance, lactate elimination, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fifteen professional male athletes between the ages of 13 and 18, who were engaged in ski running, were included in the experimental study. Dietary intervention was applied for 15 days. The athlete performances were evaluated by applying the vertical jump test, hand grip strength, 20 meters shuttle run test, and Borg fatigue scale. After the shuttle run test (every 3 min for 30 min), blood was drawn from the finger, and the lactate elimination time was calculated. Performance and lactate measurements, body analysis, and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS: The vertical jump height and hand grip strength increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). The test duration, total distance, the number of shuttles, and maximum oxygen consumption parameters of the shuttle run test increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the athletes' perceived fatigue scores decreased in several stages of the shuttle run test (P < 0.05). The lactate elimination time and athlete's body composition were similar in repeated measurements (P > 0.05). In the last measurements, the upper middle arm circumference decreased while the height of the athletes increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the Mediterranean diet is a safe and feasible dietary approach for aerobic performance and strength increase.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.44-67
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• 2016

이글에서는 최근에 영산강유역권 및 서남해 도서에서 발굴조사된 횡혈식석실을 나주 복암리 고분군의 석실과 비교하여 영산강유역 중핵지역의 유력세력인 복암리 집단의 성격과 영산강유역권의 동향을 살펴보았다. 복암리 고분군에 처음 축조된 석실은 북부규슈계(北部九州系)의 영산강유형 석실이다. 그런데 최근 조사가 진전되면서 그러한 석실의 조영에 이어지는 흐름이 이미 서남해안의 연앙항로를 따라 5세기 전 중엽에 축조된 왜계 고분에서부터 보이고 있다. 즉, 백제와 왜의 통교 이후 서남해안을 통한 교류가 활발해지면서 연안항로의 중요성과 관련하여 섬이나 해안가에 왜계 수혈식 고분이 축조되었다. 처음에는 부장품도 왜계 일색이었으나 점차 그런 고분이 축조된 지역 내에 현지의 묘 장제 요소가 가미된 고총이 등장하기 시작한다. 그중에서 대표적인 것이 당시 내해에 해당하는 영산강 하구의 바닷가에 위치한 영암 옥야리 장동 1호분이다. 그런데 이와 흡사한 매장시설을 사용한 고분이 5세기 중엽경에 나주 복암리 고분군과 인접한 곳에 축조되었다. 나주 가흥리 신흥 고분이 그것인데 이 고분의 축조에 복암리 집단이 직접적으로 관여하였는지는 밝히기 어려우나 지리적인 인접성이나 동일한 원통형토기편이 발견된 점으로 보아 밀접한 관련이 있었음은 분명하다. 신흥 고분은 영산강 본류 가까운 저평구릉의 말단이나 섬에 위치하여 5세기 전 중엽 서남해안 일대에 축조된 왜계 고분과 유사한 배경, 즉 해로 혹은 수로의 이용이나 장악과 관련하여 입지가 선정되었을 가능성이 높다고 판단된다. 그런데 다음 단계에는 복암리 고분군과 동일한 공동체의 구성원으로 생각되는 정촌 고분에서 영산강유형 석실이 매장시설로 사용되어 이러한 내륙수로 이용의 주도권이 복암리 집단으로 넘어갔을 것으로 여겨진다. 정촌 고분의 축조는 복암리 집단의 급격한 성장의 배경을 보여준다. 이후 복암리 집단은 복암리 3호분 '96석실을 시작으로 7세기까지 고분군을 지속적으로 조영하여 영산강유역에서 주도적인 세력으로 번성하였다. 사비기에 백제의 직접적인 지배 아래 들어간 이후에도 왜와의 밀접한 관계를 지속하며 영산강유역은 물론 서남해 항로에도 일정한 영향을 미쳤다. 그것은 신안의 여러 섬들에서 발견된 복암리유형 석실을 통해 추정할 수 있다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2001

각막의 구조와 기능은 연령에 따라 다소 변화한다. 본 연구는 케라토미터를 이용하여 각막의 곡률, 굴절력, 난시축에 대해서 여대생을 대상으로 분석하였다. 모든 피검자는 19세와 20세로 하였다. 19세의 우안 수직각막 곡률 반경은 약 7.64 mm이고 수평 곡률 반경은 약 7.81 mm이며, 좌안 수직각막, 곡률 반경은 약 7.65 mm이고 수평 곡률 반경은 약 7.83 mm이다. 한편 20세의 우안과 좌안의 수직각막 곡률 반경은 약 7.72 mm이고, 수평 곡률 반경은 약 7.75 mm이다. 19세의 우안 수직각막 굴절력은 약 44.21 diopter이고 수평굴절력은 약 43.32 diopter이며, 좌안 수직각막 굴절력은 약 44.23 diopter 이고 수평굴절력이 약 43.24 diopter이다. 한편 20세의 우안 수직각막 굴절력은 약 43.67 diopter이고 수평굴절력은 약 43.62 diopter이며, 좌안 수직각막 굴절력은 약 43.73 diopter이고 수평굴절력은 약 43.60 diopter이다. 축에 따른 각막난시의 형태는 19세 우안은 직난시가 약 83%, 도난시가 약 16%이고, 좌안은 직난시가 약 86%이고 도난시는 12%였다. 20세 우안은 직난시가 약 56%이고, 도난시가 약 44%이며, 좌안은 직난시가 56%이고, 도난사가 41%로 나타났다. 난시의 도수에 대해서 1 diopter 미만은 19세 우안은 36%이고 좌안은 31%이나 20세는 좌우안 모두 37.5%이다. l diopter 이상에서 2 diopter 미만은 19세 우안과 좌안은 42%이나, 20세의 우안은 34.4%이고 좌안은 43.8%이다. 한편 2 diopter 이상에서 3 diopter 미만은 19세 우안은 12%이나 좌안은 22%이고, 20세의 우안은 15.6%이고 좌안은 12%이다. 3 diopter 이상에서 4 diopter 미만은 19세 우안은 6%이고 좌안은 2%이나, 20세는 우안만 9%이다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest the materials for developing the new house style by analysing the space characteristics of wood frame houses in suburbs of Seoul. For this, we analysed 45 drawings(site plan, floor plan, elevation, section) that were designed by MICHOO, WOOD-LAND, STUGA and CHOWONJUTECK company etc. The space design characteristics that we found are as follows; 1. The wood is fragile to humidity. Therefore this characteristic is especially considered in designing the space of bathroom and utility room. 2. It is the merit of wood frame house that inner space can be designed variously by using spilt-level and the slope of roof. 3.The public space and private space are completely separated in most cases and the stair is located in the middle of house. This structure of house is short of horizontal openness. Instead, most houses gets vertical openness by making second floor on the living room opev. 4. In wood frame house as the rural house, the outer space is well used by setting up deck and balcony. The outer spaces like deck and balcony are usually used as a part of life space in connected with living room, dining room, master bed room and family room. 5. The public spaces like kitchen, living room, dining room and family room are considered so important in design that those are arranged in front in order to have good outlook and directiov.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.19.1-24
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• 1998

Designers often hesitate to decide the shape, size, and layout of a product. Though ergonomic principles and data are absolutely needed in this process, they don't have enough guidelines to refer. For the refrigerator designers, they also are not convinced of their decision: the vertical position of the freezing and refrigerating rooms, the height of shelves, the shape of door-handle, and etc. To support the refrigerator design, we applied several ergonomic methods to the evaluation of a refrigerator. EMG measurement was used to evaluate the load of user's lumbar muscle. Based upon the experimental EMG data, we developed a model to predict the relative load according to the height of refrigerator shelves. Two different layouts of a refrigerator, R/F and F/R style, were compared with the model. A three-dimenaional motion analysis method was used to evaluate the user's motion of using a refrigerator. Ten door-handles with the different shapes and positions were evaluated by tracking the rotations of the user's arm. Video protocol analysis was used to evaluate the user interface of a control panel in a refrigerator. Finally, we made several ergonomic design guidelines based on the facts found in this research and the anthropometric data of the Korean adults. The results of this study can be applied to the ergonomic design of a refrigerator.

• 복식
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the costume represented In human clay figures of ancient Shilla dynasty. The results of this study could be summarized as follows: 1. Horse-riding clay figures of Gumryoung tomb. At first, human-A wears a brimed-triangular hat, a Jacket, a checked pants. The brimed-triangular hat is decorated with bird-feather shape. Besides, a jacket is tied with a waist belt, and the waist belt is connected with a shoulder belt and a squared block of back. Also round bells are decorated 15 in the hat, 4 In connection points of the waist belt and the shoulder belt, and 13 in the squared block of back. Human-B wears a hairband type hempen hood, a Jacket, a pants with vertical stripes. and something is rounded from right shoulder to left side. It is one of the symbols as a shaman. 2. Other clay figures. The hats examined from other clay figures are \circled1 Triangular hat, \circled2Hat decorated with bird-feather shape, \circled3 Brined hat and \circled4 Hairband type hempen hood. Next, six kinds of hair styles examined are \circled1 a topknot, \circled2 a slanted topknots, \circled3 two topknots on both sides, \circled4(round) chignon, \circled5 hair tied at the top and plastered down, and tile last, \circled6 ponytailed style on both sides. The costume examined is a jacket and a pants.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is on the application of the facade design of k-national university in deagu. The subjects of the study examined 75 buildings from the 117 university buildings in main campus. The analysis items is analyzed by several elements; flat and sloping roof, main entrance, design principle, style of architecture, finishing materials, and characteristics of design surveyed by analysis items. The results are as follows: In the 1950s, 2 subjects have shown conflicting characteristics except brick finishing materials. In he 1960s, flat make up 75% of a whole, centrality in main entrances occur, but have an asymmetrical, during this period vertical motif have been underlined by repetition of column, stone has application to main adminstration building. The buildings in the 1970s were so characteristics of modern architecture by painting and flat except main entrance at the center of facade. In the 1980s, position of main entrance have a corner of a wall, finishing materials of a wall were beginning to use stone, glass and metal. The buildings in the 1990s and 2000s are looking a three-dimensional composition by rhythm of superimposition and segmentation and all finishing materials of analysis items are in use.