• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.231-252
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• 2002

2000년 7월부터 채권시가평가의 실행으로 채권운용자들도 채권포트폴리오의 위험을 채권선물을 이용하여 통제하거나 감소시키기 위해 헤지를 하여야 한다. 이때 헤지비율을 추정하는 방법으로는 전통적 회귀분석모형, 백터오차수정모형(Vector Error Correction Model : VECM)과 VAR모형(Vector AutoRegressive Model)이 있다. 전통적인 회귀분석모형에 의하여 추정된 헤지비율은 시계열자료의 불안정성(nonstationary) 등으로 인하여 잘못 추정될 가능성이 있어 면밀한 검토와 분석 후 사용하여야 한다. 시계열자료의 불안정성으로 말미암아 야기되는 문제점들을 개선할 수 있는 모형으로서 VECM과 VAR모형이 널리 이용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 VECM과 VAR모형을 사용하여 추정된 헤지비율과 전통적 회귀분석모형을 사용하여 추정한 헤지비율을 비교하여 어떤 모형으로 추정한 헤지비율이 더 정확한지를 평가하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 즉, 본 연구는 KTB 현 선물의 헤징에 대한 연구로 2000년 1월 4일부터 2001년 7월 27일까지 385일간의 KTB 현 선물 자료와 불룸버그 국채지수를 대상으로 VECM 및 VAR모형과 전통적 회귀분석모형에 의한 헤지비율을 추정하고 각 모형의 설명력과 예측력을 비교하고자 한다. 이 연구의 실증분석 결과, KTB 현물가격과 KTB 선물가격간, 블룸버그 국채지수와 KTB 선물가격간에는 공적분 관계가 존재하며, VECM 및 VAR와 전통적 회귀분석모형을 이용하여 추정한 최적헤지비율의 크기는 대동소이(大同小異)하며, 전통적 회귀분석방법을 이용하는 것이 VECM과 VAR모형을 이용할 때 보다 설명력과 예측력이 우월한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.211-231
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 VECM(Vector Error Correction Model)과 인공지능모형(Artificial Neural Networks)을 이용하여 우리나라 증권시장과 거시경제 변수들과의 장기적 관계에 대한 설명력을 비교해보고자 함에 있다. VECM이 APT(Arbitrage Pricing Theory)에 기초를 둔 선형동학모형이라고 한다면, 인공지능모형은 비모수적 비선형모형이라는 점에서, 두 방법론의 분석결과를 직접 비판하는 것은 의미있는 연구라고 할 수 있다. 인공지능모형을 주로 활용하는 선행연구들에 의하면, 증권시장은 시장의 특이패턴들로 인해 계량경제학적 접근인 선형 모형보다는 인공지능모형을 통해 증권시장의 움직임을 설명하고 예측하는 것이 더 바람직할 수도 있다는 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 VECM분석에서 자료의 안정성을 검증하고, 공적분 백터를 발견한 이후, 장기적 균형관계의 실증적 분석을 하였다. 그리고, 인공지능모형에서는 delta rule과 Sigmoid 함수를 이용한 GRNN(General Regression Neural Net)과 Back-Propagation등의 방법들을 활용하였다. 이러한 분석결과, Back-Propagation 모형이 다른 모든 모형들보다도 더 우수한 설명력을 보여주고 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 인공지능모형이 동태적인 선형 모형보다도 더 우수한 설명력을 제공할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주고 있었다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2023

This study analyzes the dynamic characteristics of daily freight rates of dry bulk and tanker shipping markets and their forecasting accuracy by using the error correction models. In order to calculate the error terms from the co-integrated time series, this study uses the common stochastic trend model (CSTM model) and vector error correction model (VECM model). First, the error correction model using the error term from the CSTM model yields more appropriate results of adjustment speed coefficient than one using the error term from the VECM model. Furthermore, according to the adjusted determination coefficients (adjR²), the error correction model of CSTM-model error term shows more model fitness than that of VECM-model error term. Second, according to the criteria of mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute scaled error (MASE) which measure the forecasting accuracy, the results show that the error correction model with CSTM-model error term produces more accurate forecasts than that of VECM-model error term in the 12 cases among the total 15 cases. This study proposes the analysis and forecast tasks 1) using both of the CSTM-model and VECM-model error terms at the same time and 2) incorporating additional data of commodity and energy markets, and 3) differentiating the adjustment speed coefficients based the sign of the error term as the future research topics.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.137-159
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• 2000

재무경제학에서 많은 연구들이 주식가격과 거시경제활동과의 이론적 모형을 설정하고 이를 점증하고자 하였다. 이 분야에서 지금까지 주로 ARMAX 모형이나 VAR 모형들이 사용되어 왔으나, 이러한 방법들은 주식가격과 거시경제변수들간의 장기적인 균형관계를 파악할 수 없다는 한계점을 안고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 한계점을 극복할 수 있는 VECM을 이용하여 우리나라 증권시장과 거시경제변수들간의 장기적인 균형관계를 규명하고자 함에 있다. 검증결과, 모든 변수들의 시계열이 불안정적인 것으로 확인된 관계로, 다변량시계열의 공적분 관계를 검증하는 Johansen 검증을 VECM 모형의 구조 안에서 실시하였다. 종합주가지수와 거시경제변수들간에는 장기적 안정관계를 나타내는 공적분관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 종합주가지수와 거시경제변수들간의 관계는 대부분 이론적인 관계에서 예상하는 부호와 동일한 부호를 갖으며 통계적으로도 유의하였다. 그리고, VECM의 설명력이 종래에 주로 사용하였던 VAR 모형의 설명력보다 더 우월하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

The rare metals, used for semiconductors, PDP-LCS and other specialized metal areas necessarily, has been playing a key role for the Korean economic development. Rare metals are influenced by exogenous variables, such as production quantity, price and supplied areas. Nowadays the supply base of rare metals is threatened by the sudden increase in price. For the stable supply of rare metals, a rational demand outlook is needed. In this study, focusing on the domestic demand for chromium, the uncertainty and probability materializing from demand and price is analyzed, further, a demand forecast model, which takes into account various exogenous variables, is suggested, differing from the previously static model. Also, through the OOS(out-of-sampling) method, comparing to the preexistence ARIMA model, ARMAX model, multiple regression analysis model and ECM(Error Correction Mode) model, we will verify the superiority of suggested model in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1449-1466
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• 2014

In this paper, we consider a hedge portfolio based on futures of underlying asset. A classical way to estimate a hedge ratio for a hedge portfolio of a spot and futures is a regression analysis. However, a regression analysis is not capable of reflecting long-run equilibrium between a spot and futures and volatility clustering in the conditional variance of financial time series. In order to overcome such defects, we analyzed KOSPI200 index and futures using VECM-CC-GARCH model and computed a hedge ratio from the estimated conditional covariance-variance matrix. In real data analysis, we compared a regression and VECM-CC-GARCH models in terms of hedge effectiveness based on variance, value at risk and expected shortfall of log-returns of hedge portfolio. The empirical results show that the multivariate GARCH models significantly outperform a regression analysis and improve hedging effectiveness in the period of high volatility.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-27
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• 2012

This paper adopts recently developed panel unit root test that is cross-sectionally robust. Cointegration test is also used to find whether regional house prices are in line with gross regional domestic production (GRDP) in the long run in Korea during 1989-2009. Based on the panel VECM and the panel ARDL models, we examine causal relationships among the variables and estimate the long-run elasticity. We find evidence of cointegration and bidirectional causal relationships between regional house prices and GRDP. The results of long-run estimates, using both fixed effect and ARDL models, show that house prices positively and significantly influence on the GRDP and vice versa. Together with these results, the findings of ARDL-ECM imply that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between house prices and regional economic variables even if there is a possibility of short-run deviation from its long-run path.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.485-508
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• 2010

This paper examines the long memory property and investigates cointegration in the dynamics of crude oil markets. For these purposes, we apply the joint ARMA-FIAPARCH model with structural break and the vector error correction model (VECM) to three daily crude oil prices: Brent, Dubai and West Texas Intermediate (WTI). In all crude oil markets, the property of long memory exists in their volatility, and the ARMA-FIAPARCH model adequately captures this long memory property. In addition, the results of the cointegration test and VECM estimation indicate a bi-directional relationship between returns and the conditional variance of crude oil prices. This finding implies that the dynamics of returns affect volatility, and vice versa. These findings can be utilized for improving the understanding of the dynamics of crude oil prices and forecasting market risk for buyers and sellers in crude oil markets.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.27-47
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• 2012

The study aims to analyze how the variables for Korea, such as the exports, imports, FDI(Inward) and FDI(Outward), influence the economic growth and how they affect each other. For the purpose of empirical analysis, this paper used the quarterly time series data from 1980 to 2010, dividing the period before and after 1997(IMF). The variables used in this study were log-transformation from the original variables. This study empirically tests the relationship among variables by using VECM with considering the time-series properties of each variable. The results found from the study are as followings. Causality analysis using VECM proved that no causality between GDP and exports existed, whereas causality between GDP and FDI(Inward) existed, in which GDP affected FDI(Inward) since IMF. However, it was found that other periods and FDI(Inward) did not affect GDF and had no causality among them.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.217-240
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• 2011

In this study, vector autoregressive and vector error correction models in the short-run dynamics are considered to analyze the effect of the changes in international crude oil prices on Baltic dry index, Baltic Capesize index and Baltic Panamax index, and the intercorrelations between Capesize and Panamax prices, respectively. First, using the vector autoregressive model, the changes in international crude oil price have a statistically significant positive effect for Capesize at lag 1, for Panamax a significant negative effect at lag 3 and a significant positive effect for Baltic dry index at lag 1. From the impulse response analysis, the international crude oil price causes Baltic dry index to increase in the sort-run and the effect converges on the mean after 3 months. Second, using the vector error correction model, the empirical results for the spillover effects between Capesize and Panamax markets provide that in the case of the deviation from a long-run equilibrium the Panamax price is adjusted toward decreasing. The increases in freight rates of the Capesize market at lag 1 lead to increase the freight rates in Panamax market at present. The Panamax responses from the Capesize shocks increase rapidly for 3 months and the effect converges on the mean after 5 months. The Capesize responses from the Panamax shocks are relatively small, and increase weakly for 3 months and the effect disappears thereafter.