• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.2218-2229
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• 2015

Recently Wi-Fi Alliance defined Wi-Fi direct, which can communicate through a direct connection between the mobile device anytime, anywhere. In Wi-Fi direct, all devices are categorized by group of owner (GO) and client. Since portability is emphasized in Wi-Fi direct devices, it is essential to control the energy consumption of a device very efficiently. In order to avoid unnecessary power consumed by GO, Wi-Fi direct standard defines two power management schemes: Opportunistic power saving scheme and Notice Of Absence (NOA) scheme. But, these two schemes do not consider the traffic pattern, so we cannot expect high energy efficiency. In this paper, we suggest an algorithm to enhance the energy efficiency of Wi-Fi direct power saving, considering the characteristics of multimedia video traffic. Proposed algorithm utilizes the statistical distribution for the size of video frames and adjusts the length of awake interval dynamically. Also, considering the inter-dependency among video frames, the proposed algorithm assigns priorities to video frames and ensures that a video frame with high priority is transmitted with higher probability than other frames with low priority. Simulation results shows that the proposed method outperforms the traditional NOA in terms with average delay and energy efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.841-843
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• 2004

비디오 스트링의 표준이라 할 수 있는 MPEG은 데이터 발생량의 변화가 심한 군집성(bursty) 트래픽으로 망의 대역폭을 효율적으로 사용하는 전송방식을 구현하기가 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 최소한의 품질을 보장하면서도 망 자원의 효율적 이용을 위하여 2계층 구조의 새로운 대역폭 할당 기법을 제안하였다. 사용자에게 최소한의 품질을 보장하면서 망에 대역폭의 여유가 있는 경우 보다 고품질의 서비스가 가능토록 하는 방안으로 ATM망의 CBR 클래스와 VBR 클래스를 복합적으로 사용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이의 구현을 위하여 2계층 구조의 MPEG 부호화기를 설계하였고 모의실험으로 기존의 단일 계층 CBR 클래스와 비교 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10c
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• pp.778-780
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• 2001

ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 망은 사용자의 요구에 의해 대역폭을 할당한 수 있으므로 전송에 필요한 대역폭이 수시로 변화하는 MPEG 비디오를 전송하는데 적합하다. 그러나 MPEG 트래픽(traffic)은 셀(cell) 발생량의 변화가 심한 군집성 (burst)이 큰 트래픽 이기에 전송 품질을 유지하면서 동시에 망의 대역폭을 효율적으로 사용하는 전송을 구현하기가 매우 힘들다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 상반되는 두 가지의 목적을 수행하기 위하여 새로운 대역폭 할당 기법을 제안하였다. 사용자에게 최소한의 품질을 보장하면서 망에 대역폭의 여유가 있는 경우 고품질의 서비스가 가능토록 하는 방안으로 ATM 망의 CBR(Constant Bit Rate) 서비스와 VBR(Variable Bit Rate) 서비스를 복합적으로 사용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이의 구현을 위하여 2 계층 구조의 MPEG 부호화기를 설계, 구현하였고 모의 실험을 통하여 기존의 단일 계층 CBR 서비스에 비하여 품질과 망의 효율성에 있어 충분히 우수함을 확인하여 그 효용성을 증명하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.11A
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• pp.1717-1723
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• 2000

WRR 셀 멀티프렉싱 알고리즘은 CBR, VBR 트래픽 뿐만 아니라 ABR, UBR 트래픽을 서비스하도록 설계되었다. WRR의구현에 있어 버퍼 관리를 효율적으로 하기 위한 BSW 기법의 알고리즘이제안되었다. 그러나, BSW 방식은 VC 에 실제로 할당된 가중치보다 더 큰 가중치를 할당하고 어느 한 VC의 큐가 비어있게 되면 셀 서비스를 수행하지 못하므로 각 VC의 가중치와 스케줄러의 처리율에 심각한 성능저하를 유발한다. 본 논문에서는 위에서 언급한 BSW 기법의 문제를 해결하기 위해서 셀 지연과 버퍼 이용을 개선한 BSW 구조의 WRR 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 기존은 BSW 스케쥴링 알고리즘의 문제점들을 해결하기 위해서 각 VC에 실제로 할당된 가중치를 유지할 수 있도록 하였고, 각 VC의 큐가 비어 있을 경우 다른 VC 셀을 서비스하게 함으로서 평균 셀 지연과 평균 버퍼의 길이를 감소시키고 전체적으로 셀 서비스 율을 높일 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.1A
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• pp.132-141
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• 2000

In this paper, we proposed the MAC protocol of APON supporting multi-class traffic such as CBBUVBR, ABR, UBR, to guarantee the required QoS of each service. For this, we analyze the performance of variousrequest mechanisms and employee the different request mechanism for each traffic classes. Upstream anddownstream frame structures to minimize transmission overhead are proposed based on our request mechanism.The proposed MAC protocol applies the different priority to permit distribution process. CBBWBR traffic, withthe stringent requirements on CDV or delay, is allocated prior to any other class. ABR traffic, which hasnon-strict CDV or delay criteria, uses flexibly the available bandwidth but ensures a minimum cell rate (MCR).UBR traffic is allocated with lowest priority for the remaining capacity. The performance of proposed protocol isevaluated in terms of transfer delay and 1-point CDV with various offered load. The result of simulation showsthat the proposed protocol guarantees the required QoS of the corresponding category, while making use of theavailable resources in both an efficient and dynamical way.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.8B
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• pp.1426-1437
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• 1999

The introduction of fast packet switching networks such as the ATM leads to the possibility of video services with constant quality. However, the fixed traffic descriptor(TD), which is defined by ATM Forum and ITU-T, can not simultaneously satisfy network efficiency and video quality. This paper presents fast resource reallocation protocol (FRRP) which can provide an effective compromise between network efficiency and video quality. This protocol reallocates the network resources and then adapts the traffic to the reallocated resources. In the proposed method, a video session is divided into several time-intervals according to its generated traffic and TD is calculated which well characterizes the traffic during the specific subdivided interval. In addition, a system model, where MPEG coding algorithm and network control are unified, is proposal and the performance of the FRRP in terms of cell loss rate(CLR) is evaluated though the simulation using real video traffic(Star Wars). Simulation results show that the FRRP has only 5 ~35% CLR of the fixed TD.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.22-33
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• 2014

As a standard of WMNs, IEEE 802.11s supports two kinds of MAC algorithm: a mandatory EDCA used by IEEE 802.11e and an optional MCCA. While EDCA classifies traffic according to four Access Categories (AC) and offer differentiated service using a classified priority, MCCA can guarantee the specific bandwidth of users with a TDMA-style bandwidth reservation scheme between mesh routers. In case that a flow is VBR traffic of a multimedia application, MCCA has disadvantage that the reserved bandwidth does not be used entirely, though it guarantees required bandwidth of users and fairness using bandwidth reservation with neighbors' node. In this paper, we showed a problem that is wastes the reserved bandwidth when MCCA is enabled and proposed a new scheduling algorithm to prevent waste of bandwidth and to improve network utilization effectively, named Resource Sharing Round Robin (RSRR) scheduling. Finally we showed simulation results that performance of a proposed RSRR is better than the legacy MCCA through NS-2 simulation.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.2179-2187
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• 1999

To privide multimedia mobile communication services for the users in scattered locations, the application ATM cells efficiently in wireless communications, it is effective to the use TDMA method. However, it is necessary to have methods to compensate the CDV(cell delay variation) caused by the difference between TDMA-ATM and cell stream multiplexing of the users. This paper optimizes the cell control time(Tc) when VBR traffic inputs have MMPP by applying CDV characteristics of time stamp method, which has the most advantages among compensation methods of CDV. This paper suggests a cell stream multiplex method employing time stamp techniques to reduce CDV for wireless suggest method shows that CDV distribution and cell stream multiples rangd can be controlled to 1.2${\times}$Tc which reduced over the VBR service in the TDMA-WATM transmission. This paper also presents evaluation of the suggested architecture obtained simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2000

A network of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) will be required to carry the traffics(CVR, VBR, UBR, ABR) generated by a wide range of services. The algorithm of WRR cell multiplexing is designed to serve no only CBR, VBR traffic but also ABR, UBR traffic in ATM. BSW algorithm was Proposed to carry on manage buffer efficiently at implementing of WRR scheduler. But, BSW a1gorithm cause serious degradation to the weight of each VC and the ratio of scheduler throughput because it allocates more weight than the weight allocated actually in VC and because it could not serve cell if the VC queue is empty. In this paper, we propose the WRR scheduling algorithm of BSW structure which improves the cell service ratio and cell delay. The proposed algorithm is capable of maintaining an allocated VC's weight correctly and decrease of average cell delay by serving other VC cell when empty in each VC queue and increase of cell service ratio as a whole.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.2954-2972
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• 1998

It is expected that the transport of compressed video will become a significant part of total network traffic because of the widespread introduction of multimedial services such as VOD(video on demand). Accordingly, VBR(variable bit-rate) encoded video will be widely used, due to its advantages in statistical multiplexing gain and consistent vido quality. Since the transport of video traffic requires larger bandwidth than that of voice and data, the characterization of video source and traffic modeling is very important for the design of proper resource allocation scheme in ATM networks. Suitable statistical source models are also required to analyze performance metrics such as packet loss, delay and jitter. In this paper, we analyzed and described on the characterization and traffic modeling of MPEG video sources. The models are broadly classified into two categories; i.e., statistical models and deterministic models. In statistical models, the models are categorized into five groups: AR(autoregressive), Markov, composite Marko and AR, TES, and selfsimilar models. In deterministic models, the models are categorized into $({\sigma},\;{\rho}$, parameterized model, D-BIND, and Empirical Envelopes models. Each model was analyzed for its characteristics along with corresponding advantages and shortcomings, and we made comparisons on the complexity of each model.