• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.194-201
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• 2009

The e1ectrocatalytic properties of heteropolyacids(HPAs) entrapped in covalently cross-linked sulfonated polyetheretherketone(CL-SPEEK/HPA) membranes have been studied for water electrolysis. The HPAs, including tungstophosphoric acid(TPA), molybdophosphoric acid(MoPA), and tungstosilicic acid(TSiA) were used as additives in the composite membranes. The MEA was prepared by a non-equilibrium impregnation-reduction(I-R) method, using reducing agent, sodium borohydride(NaBH4) and tetraamineplatinum(II) chloride(pt(NH$_3$)$_4$Cl$_2$). The electrocatalytic properties of composite membranes such as the cell voltage were in the order of magnitude CL-SPEEKlMoPA40 (wt%) > /TPA30 > /TSiA40. In the optimum cell applications for water electrolysis, the cell voltage of PtlPEM/Pt-Ru MEA with CL-SPEEKlTPA30 membrane was 1.75 V at 80$^{\circ}$C and I A/cm$^2$ and this voltage carried lower than that of 1.81 V of Nafion 117. Consequently, in regards of electrochemical and mechanical characteristics and oxidation durability, the newly developed CL-SPEEKITPA30 composite membrane exhibited a better performance than the others, but CLSPEEKlMoPA40 showed the best electrocatalytic activity (1.71 Vat 80$^{\circ}$C and 1 A/cm$^2$) among the composite membranes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.407-412
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the balance ability of patients whose head positions were altered due to stroke. Subjects were divided into three groups to determine the effects of the training on dynamic balance and gait. Methods: Forty-two stroke patients were enrolled. The Visual Feedback Training (VFT) group performed four sets of exercises per training session using a Sensoneck device, while the Active Range of Motion (ART) group performed eight sets per training session after receiving education from an experienced therapist. The Visual Feedback with Active Range of Motion (VAT) group performed four sets of active range of motion and two sets of visual-feedback training per session using a Sensoneck device. The training sessions were conducted three days a week for eight weeks. Results: The comparison of changes in dynamic balance ability showed that a significant difference in the total distance of the body center was found in the VFT group (p<0.05) and Significant differences were found according to the training period (p<0.05). The comparison of the 10 m walk test showed that the main effect test, treatment period and interactions between group had statistically significant differences between the three groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Head-adjustment training using visual feedback can improve the balance ability and gait of stroke patients. These results show that coordination training between the eyes and head with visual feedback exercises can be used as a treatment approach to affect postural control through various activities involving the central nervous system.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.413-419
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• 2018

Magnetic Resonance Imaging for patients with metallic implant has poor image quality, and signal loss and artifacts including distortion can occur. The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative evaluation on high receive bandwidth(hiBW), O-MAR, O-MAR XD to reduce artifacts in knee implant. To take MRI, 3.0T scanner and dual-source radiofrequency transmission were used. O-MAR XD technique's strong option showed a significant difference (p<0.001) with O-MAR XD technique's weak option, O-MAR and hiBW excluding the medium option. O-MAR XD's medium option had a significant difference (p<0.01) with O-MAR XD's weak, O-MAR and hiBW. O-MAR XD technique's weak option had a significant difference (p<0.01) with O-MAR XD's strong and medium options, O-MAR and hiBW. O-MAR technique had a significant difference (p<0.001) with strong, medium, weak options of O-MAR XD technique except for hiBW. HiBW had a significant difference (p<0.001) with strong, medium and weak options of O-MAR XD technique except for O-MAR. The results showed that O-MAR XD technique was more useful for MRI scan for patients with knee replacement surgery than traditional techniques such as hiBW or O-MAR, and susceptibility artifacts decreased more when O-MAR XD technique's strong or medium option was applied. Based on the results above, it is considered that it will be possible to acquire images whose susceptibility artifacts were highly decreased by using O-MAR XD technique's strong or medium option when conducting MRI for artificial knee joint and it will be helpful for checking and monitoring patients with knee joint replacement.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1032-1038
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• 2009

A polypyrrole (PPy)/alumina composite filler prepared via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on alumina particles was incorporated into $Nafion^{(R)}$ to improve the performance of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators. The IPMCs with the pristine PPy without alumina support did not show bending displacements superior to that of the bare Nafion-based IPMC, except at a high PPy content of 4 wt%. This result was attributed to the low redox efficiency of the PPy alone in the IPMC and may have also been related to the modulus of the IPMC. However, at the optimized filler contents, the cyclic displacement of the IPMCs bearing the PPy/alumina filler was 2.2 times larger than that of the bare Nafion-based IPMC under an applied AC potential of 3 Vat 1 Hz. Even under a low AC potential of 1.5 V at 1 Hz, the displacement of the PPy/alumina-based IPMCs was a viable level of performance for actuator applications and was 2.7 times higher than that of the conventional Nafion-based IPMC. The generated blocking force was also improved with the PPy/aiumina composite filler. The greatly enhanced performance and the low-voltage-operational characteristic of the IPMCs bearing the PPy/alumina filler were attributed to the synergic effects of the neighboring alumina moiety near the PPy moiety involving electrochemical redox reactions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.346-352
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• 2003

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis(RRP) is a chronic disease that is caused by the human papillomavirus(HPV) type 6 and 11. The most common site of the lesions is the larynx, but papillomas can occur throughout the respiratory and upper gastrointestinal tracts. Frequent recurrence of disease, can result in airway compromise and even death when papillomas either obstruct the airway or spread to the lung parenchyma. We encountered a case of a recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a 23-year-old patient, who improved after treatment with interferon-${\alpha}$ The patiented with hoarseness, exertional dyspnea, and a productive cough. We report this case with a brief review of the relevant literature.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.685-695
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• 2017

Obesity and the metabolic disorders that constitute metabolic syndrome are a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Nonetheless, the changes in the proteins and the underlying molecular pathways involved in the relevant pathogenesis are poorly understood. In this study a proteomic analysis of the visceral adipose tissue isolated from metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese patients was used to identify presence of altered pathway(s) leading to metabolic dysfunction. Samples were obtained from 18 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and were subdivided into two groups based on the presence or absence of comorbidities as defined by the International Diabetes Federation. Two dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was carried out. A total of 28 proteins were identified with a statistically significant difference in abundance and a 1.5-fold change (ANOVA, $p{\leq}0.05$) between the groups. 11 proteins showed increased abundance while 17 proteins were decreased in the metabolically unhealthy obese compared to the healthy obese. The differentially expressed proteins belonged broadly to three functional categories: (i) protein and lipid metabolism (ii) cytoskeleton and (iii) regulation of other metabolic processes. Network analysis by Ingenuity pathway analysis identified the $NF{\kappa}B$, IRK/MAPK and PKC as the nodes with the highest connections within the connectivity map. The top network pathway identified in our protein data set related to cellular movement, hematological system development and function, and immune cell trafficking. The VAT proteome between the two groups differed substantially between the groups which could potentially be the reason for metabolic dysfunction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.268-272
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• 2000

Thoracic sympathicotomy has been used safely and successfully to treat essential hyperhidrosis. However, it has been difficult to treat compansatory hyperhidrosis after thoracic sympathicotomy and focal hyperhidrosis. The sweat glands were innervated by post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers with acetylcholic serving as the transmitter. Botulinum A toxin has been reported to block neuro-transmission at the cholinergic autonomic nerve terminals. Prospecting its effect for the sweat gland, we treated 5 patients with focal hyperhidrosis with botulinum A toxin. Three patients received bilateral thoracic sympathectomy (1 case) and sympathicotomy(2 case) via VAT. The hyperhidrosis area was marked with betadine and was subdivided into squares of 2$\times$2 cm(4$\textrm{cm}^2$) each. Botulinum A toxin was injected intracutaneously in a dosage of 2.5U/0.1ml(100U/4ml) /4$\textrm{cm}^2$. A total dose of 100U of Botulinum A toxin was injected into the affected sites. Subjective assessment of sweat production by the patients using a visual analogue scale showed a 20~70% improvement. During the follow-up period, no toxic effects were observed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.283-296
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• 2009

This study examined food safety management at preschool establishments in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province, to provide data that can be used for food safety improvements. Field assessments of 60 foodservice establishments were executed from July to October, 2007. Statistical analyses of the data were conducted using the SPSS package program (version 14.0 for windows). The results are summarized as follows: 93.3% of the preschool foodservices were self-operated, and 24.1% of the child care centers and 96.7% of the kindergartens had employed dietitians. According to the averaged food safety evaluation scores the kindergartens (80.73) had a significantly higher score than the child care centers (50.37), and the public centers (85.00) had a significantly higher score than the private centers (54.29). While the average score of facilities that employed dietitian (73.58) was significantly higher than that of facilities that did not employ a dietitian (52.65). In addition, the average score of facilities that served meals in a dining room (80.83) was significantly higher than that of facilities that served meals in a classroom (59.33). The highest scoring food safety items included verifying employee health inspection reports (1.87), utilizing non-municipal water and routinely cleaning and well-maintaining the water storage tank (1.85), and disposing small amounts of leftovers in a vat after serving (1.83). In contrast, the lowest scores were for physical separation of clean areas and unclean areas to prevent cross-contamination (0.52), and physical separation between staff and food material entry areas (0.62). In conclusion, the preschool foodservice evaluated in this study required improvements in food safety management, and many of the child care centers were in need of immediate attention. To improve food safety at these establishments, administrators should implement prerequisite food safety programs.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.529-535
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• 2020

The present study investigated the photodegradation of synthetic organic dye; violet-3B, without and with the addition of C-N-codoped TiO₂ catalyst using a visible halogen-lamp as a light source. The catalyst was synthesized by using a peroxo sol-gel method with free-organic solvent. The effects of initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH solution on the photodegradation of violet-3B were examined. The efficiency of the photodegradation process for violet-3B dye was higher at neutral to less acidic pH. The kinetics reaction rate of photodegradation of violet-3B dye with the addition of C-N-codoped TiO₂ followed pseudo-first order kinetics represented by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and increasing the initial concentration of dyes decreased rate constants of photodegradation. Photodegradation of 5 mg L^-1 violet-3B dye achieved 96% color removal within 240 min of irradiation in the presence of C-N-codoped TiO₂ catalyst, and approximately 44% TOC was removed as a result of the mineralization.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2016

Tax-Refund System for foreign tourists is constantly increasing trend because of the discount effect of product. However, in order to get Tax-Refund, foreign tourists are supposed to keep a refund statement of paper issued after the purchases and the existing refund windows involve complicated procedure and poor accessibility, which causes the inconvenience. After recognizing the problems, K company has implemented information systems to relieve the discomfort of the Tax-Refund service by streamlining and reforming complex and inconvenient procedures of the Tax-Refund service so that it is able to plan the shopping convenience of foreign tourists. The K's information system is considered good practice to show that they can play a key role under the competitive environment with the corporate information system that is an essential element in achieving a competitive advantage.