• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2016

VANET은 차량간의 통신 기능을 제공하는 MANET 분야 중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 차량간의 통신, 차량 움직임 특징을 나타내는 모델과 그리고 실제 차량 움직임 모델을 이용한 VANET 시뮬레이터을 제안한다. VANET은 테스트를 수행하기 위해 트래픽 시뮬레이터와 네트워크 시뮬레이터가 함께 사용되어여야 한다. 하지만 시뮬레이터는 단순하고 쉽고 가격적인 면 때문에 트래픽 시뮬레이터보다 선호한다. 본 논문의 목적은 도시 환경 시나리오에 대해 테스트 목적으로 사용될 수 있는 차량 에드혹 네트워크의 시뮬레이션을 구현하는데 있다. 구현된 시뮬레이션 환경은 VANET에서 더 나은 MAC 프로토콜을 디자인하는데 사용될 수 있다. 구현된 시뮬레이션 성능을 평가하기 위해 AODV와 DSDV 라우팅 프로토콜의 성능을 평가하였다. 성능 비교는 처리율, 패킷 손실, 종단간의 지연을 이용하였다. 성능 비교 결과 DSDV가 AODV보다 처리율, 종단간의 지연, 그리고 패킷 손실에서 성능이 우수함을 보였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 디지털 트윈과 같은 실제 도로 환경에서 차량용 애드혹 네트워크(VANET)의 시뮬레이션을 실행하기 위한 기존 시뮬레이터를 면밀한 조사가 수행되었다. 신중한 검토 후에, 오픈소스로 공개되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 효율적인 성능을 가지는 OSM(OpenStreetMap), SUMO(Simulation of Urban MObility), OMNeT++를 결합한 시뮬레이터를 선택되었다. 또한, 이 통합 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 단순한 가상 도로 환경과 실제 도로 환경 모두에서 VANET 시뮬레이션을 수행하였고, 그 결과 두 유형의 환경 간에 VANET 성능에 상당한 차이가 있음을 확인했으며, 안정적인 VANET 운영을 위해 현실적인 도로 및 교통 환경을 고려해야 할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다. 추가적으로, 또 다른 시뮬레이션 결과에서는 차량 밀도가 감소하고 네트워크 토폴로지의 동적 변화가 증가함에 따라 성능 저하가 관찰되는 등 상당한 성능 변동성이 있는 것으로 나타나기도 하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해, VANET을 실제 환경에서 운용하기 위해서는, 단순한 가상 도로 환경에 의존하지 않아야하며, VANET 연구에서 디지털 트윈 기반 접근 방식을 통해 실제 도로 및 교통 상황을 시뮬레이션해야 할 필요성을 확인할 수 있다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2019

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a mobile Ad-hoc Network which deals with the moving vehicles. VANET supports Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) which is related to different modes of transport and traffic management techniques. VANETs enabled users to be informed and make them safer. VANET uses IEEE 802.11p standard wireless access protocol for communication. An important and necessary issue of VANET is to design routing protocols. In a network, communication takes place by the use of the routing protocols. There are mainly two types of communications used such as Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) in VANET. Vehicles can send and receive messages among them and also to and from infrastructure used. In this paper, AODV, DSR and DSDV are compared by analysing the results of simulation on various metrics such as average throughput, instant throughput, packet delivery ratio and residual energy. Findings indicates utilization of AODV and DSR is more applicable for these metrics as compared to DSDV. A network simulator (NS2) is used for simulation.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2024

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) became very popular in few years and it has been widely used in research and industry communities. VANET is a collection of wireless vehicle nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized Road Side Unit (RSU). VANET is a subset of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET). It improves the safety of vehicles. It also supports Intelligent Transportation Systems.Routing is the major component of communication protocols in VANETs. Packets are to be routed from the source node to destination node. Because of frequent topology changes and routing overhead, selection of routing protocol in VANET is a great challenge. There are various routing protocols available for VANET. This paper involves study of Temporally Ordered Routing protocol (TORA) and performance metrics are analyzed with the help of NS2 Simulator.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1213-1237
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• 2019

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) facilities envision future Intelligent Transporting Systems (ITSs) by providing inter-vehicle communication for metrics such as road surveillance, traffic information, and road condition. In recent years, vehicle manufacturers, researchers and academicians have devoted significant attention to vehicular communication technology because of its highly dynamic connectivity and self-organized, decentralized networking characteristics. However, due to VANET's high mobility, dynamic network topology and low communication coverage, dissemination of large data packets (e.g. multimedia content) is challenging. Clustering enhances network performance by maintaining communication link stability, sharing network resources and efficiently using bandwidth among nodes. This paper proposes a mobility-based, multi-hop clustering algorithm, (MBCA) for multimedia content broadcasting over an IEEE 802.11p-LTE-enabled hybrid VANET architecture. The OMNeT++ network simulator and a SUMO traffic generator are used to simulate a network scenario. The simulation results indicate that the proposed clustering algorithm over a hybrid VANET architecture improves the overall network stability and performance, resulting in an overall 20% increased cluster head duration, 20% increased cluster member duration, lower cluster overhead, 15% improved data packet delivery ratio and lower network delay from the referenced schemes [46], [47] and [50] during multimedia content dissemination over VANET.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.623-629
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• 2010

A geographical routing protocol is typically utilized for a route selection of VANET. Even if it is conceptually well adapted into VANET, message delivery tends to be unreliable with frequent network partitions, which mainly come from the inherent characteristics such as high mobility and irregular traffic density. In this paper, we deal with a method to enable reliable message delivery with reflecting the traffic density on routing decision. By concatenating the message delivery cost of each of inbetween junction section, $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ shortest paths are initially determined. When it is not possible to deliver the message on a junction on the 1st path, we utilize two novel ideas, that is, letting the message stay on the junction to find out a new relay node, and putting a replicated copy to reach via a detour path. By using the NS-2 network simulator, our method has been examined in terms of message delivery rate and delay. It shows that our method is much efficient than the other method in the low density environment, while it brings similar results in the high density environment.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

Recently, traffic congestion and environmental pollution have occurred due to population concentration and vehicle increase in large cities. Various studies are being conducted to solve these problems. Most of the traffic congestion in cities is caused by traffic signals at intersections. This paper proposes a dynamic traffic light control (DTLC) scheme to support safe vehicle operation and smooth traffic flow using real-time traffic information based on VANET. DTLC receives instantaneous speed and directional information of each vehicle through road side units (RSUs) to obtain the density and average speed of vehicles for each direction. RSUs deliver this information to traffic light controllers (TLCs), which utilize it to dynamically control traffic lights at intersections. To demonstrate the validity of DTLC, simulations were performed on average driving speed and average waiting time using the ns-2 simulator. Simulation results show that DTLC can provide smooth traffic flow by increasing average driving speed at dense intersections and reducing average waiting time.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2022

The proposed privacy preserving scheme has identified the drawbacks of existing schemes in Vehicular Networks. This prototype enhances the number of nodes by decreasing the cluster size. This algorithm is integrated with the whale optimization algorithm and Block Chain Technology. A set of results are done through the NS-2 simulator in the direction to check the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. The proposed method shows better results than with the existing techniques in terms of Delay, Drop, Delivery ratio, Overhead, throughout under the denial of attack.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 VANET환경을 기반으로 하여 통행시간정보를 자율적으로 자가추정하는 기법을 제안하였다. 최근 무선통신기술은 주행 중인 차량들 간의 통신이 가능한 수준으로 발전되었다. 교통분야에서는 무선통신 기술을 기반으로 하여 자료를 수집하고 정보를 생성하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개별차량(Agent)을 기반으로 하여 자차(Subject Vehicle)에서 필요한 자료를 수집하고, 정보를 생성하는 시스템을 구상하였다. 개별차량 내에서 운전자에게 정보제공을 하기 위해 수행되는 과정을 자료수집, 정보생성, 정보제공 단계로 구분하였으며, 각 단계에서의 자료처리 과정을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 통행시간 산출 방법론은 자차에서 수집된 자료를 이용하는 방법과 선행차량에서 수집된 자료를 이용하는 방법으로 구분되며, 두 방법론을 이용하여 추정한 통행시간을 통합하여 현장에 적용시 보다 정확한 정보를 제공할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하였다. 개별차량(Agent)기반 정보생성 방법론은 운전자가 필요로 하는 정보의 생성 및 제공을 개별적으로 수행하기 때문에 보다 운전자 중심적인 접근이 가능하다. 또한, 교통관제센터, RSE를 이용한 방법론 보다 정보의 생성 및 갱신이 자유롭기 때문에 교통상황의 급격한 변화에 대응하기 수월할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 제시한 자율적 자가추정 통행시간 산출방법론은 도래하는 유비쿼터스 교통시스템에서 보다 정확하고 교통상황의 변화에 신속한 대처가 가능한 통행시간 추정기법으로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2021

In the last few years, the massive development in wireless networks, high internet speeds and improvement in car manufacturing has shifted research focus to Vehicular Ad-HOC Networks (VANETs). Consequently, many related frameworks are explored, and it is found that security is the primary issue for VANETs. Despite that, a small number of research studies have taken into consideration the identification of performance standards and parameters. In this paper, VANET security frameworks are explored, studied and analysed which resulted in the identification of a list of performance evaluation parameters. These parameters are defined and categorized based on the nature of parameter (security or general context). These parameters are identified to be used by future researchers to evaluate their proposed VANET security frameworks. The implementation paradigms of security frameworks are also identified, which revealed that almost all research studies used simulation for implementation and testing. The simulators used in the simulation processes are also analysed. The results of this study showed that most of the surveyed studies used NS-2 simulator with a percentage of 54.4%. The type of scenario (urban, highway, rural) is also evaluated and it is found that 50% studies used highway urban scenario in simulation.